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Through Women's Eyes
Fifth Edition©2019 Ellen Carol DuBois; Lynn Dumenil
In reading this textbook, you will encounter a rich array of source materials and a narrative informed by a wealth of scholarship, so you may be surprised to learn that women’s history is a comparatively new field. This textbook draws on the rich theoretical and historical work of the past fifty years to present a synthesis of American women’s experiences. Primary sources are included in each chapter, both in the features “Reading into the Past” and “Primary Sources,” and there is also a chapter review to help you pull it all together! For a value option, try purchasing the e-textbook version of the text or try the social learning platform Perusall.
Table of Contents
Preface for Instructors
Contents
Special Features
Introduction for Students
Chapter 1: America in the World, to 1650
Native American Women
Indigenous Peoples before 1492
The Pueblo Peoples
The Iroquois Confederacy
Native Women’s Worlds
Reading into the Past: Two Sisters and Acoma Origins
Europeans Arrive
Early Spanish Expansion
Spain’s Northern Frontier
Fish and Furs in the North
Early British Settlements
African Women and the Atlantic Slave Trade
Women in West Africa
The Early Slave Trade
Racializing Slavery
African Slavery in the Americas
Conclusion: Many Beginnings
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: European Images of Native American Women
Theodor Galle, America (c. 1580)
Indians Planting Corn, from Theodor de Bry, Great Voyages (1590)
Canadian Iroquois Women Making Maple Sugar, from Joseph-François Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages Amériquains (1724)
John White, Theire sitting at meate (c. 1585–1586)
Theodor deBry, Theire sitting at meate (1590), based on a drawing by John White
John White, A Chief Lady of Pomeiooc and Her Daughter
John Beverley, A Woman and a Boy Running After Her (1705)
ohn White, Eskimo Woman (1577)
Pocahontas Convinces Her Father, Chief Powhatan, to Spare the Life of Captain John Smith, from John Smith, Generall Historie of Virginia (1612)
Pocahontas (1616)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 2: Colonial Worlds, 1607–1750
A Native New World
Southern British Colonies
British Women in the Southern Colonies
African Women
Northern British Colonies
The Puritan Search for Order: The Family and the Law
Disorderly Women
Women’s Work and Consumption Patterns
Dissenters from Dissenters: Women in Pennsylvania
Reading into the Past: Trial of Anne Hutchinson
Reading into the Past: Jane Fenn Hoskens, Quaker Preacher
Beyond the British Settler Colonies
New Netherland
New France
New Spain
Native Grounds of the North American Interior
Conclusion: The Diversity of American Women
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: By and About Colonial Women
Laws on Women and Slavery
Laws of Virginia (1643, 1662)
Legal Proceedings
Michael Baisey’s Wife (1654)
Judith Catchpole (1656)
Mrs. Agatha Stubbings (1645)
Witchcraft Testimony
Testimony of John Porter and Lydia Porter v. Sarah Bibber (June 29, 1692)
Testimony of Joseph Fowler v. Sarah Bibber (June 29, 1692)
Testimony of Thomas Jacobs and Mary Jacobs v. Sarah Bibber (June 29, 1692)
Answer of Mary Bradbury (September 9, 1692)
Testimony of Thomas Bradbury for Mary Bradbury (July 28, 1692)
Newspaper Advertisements
South Carolina Gazette, Charleston (October 22, 1744)
South Carolina Gazette, Charleston (December 23, 1745)
Boston Gazette (April 28, 1755)
Boston Gazette (June 20, 1735)
Letters
Eliza Lucas Pinckney, To Miss Bartlett
Elizabeth Sprigs, To Mr. John Sprigs White Smith in White Cross Street near Cripple Gate London (1756)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Depictions of "Family" in Colonial America
Elizabeth Freake and Child (1674)
Johannes and Elsie Schuyler (ca. 1720s)
The Potter Family (cd. 1740)
Mestizo Family (c. 1715)
Mulatto Family (c. 1715)
Indian Family (c. 1715)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 3: Mothers and Daughters of the Revolution, 1750–1810
Background to Revolution, 1754–1775
Social Change in the Eighteenth Century
The Growing Confrontation
Liberty’s Daughters: Women and the Emerging Crisis
Reading into the Past: Hannah Griffitts, The Female Patriots, Address’d to the Daughters of Liberty in America (1768)
Women and the Face of War, 1775–1783
Choosing Sides: Native American and African American Women
White Women: Pacifists, Tories, and Patriots
Maintaining the Troops: The Women Who Served
Revolutionary Era Legacies
A Changing World for Native American Women
African American Women: Freedom and Slavery
White Women: An Ambiguous Legacy
Limited Citizenship: White Women’s Legal Status and Education
Women and Religion
Reading into the Past: Ona Judge’s Escape (1796)
Conclusion: To the Margins of Political Action
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Gendering Images of the Revolution
"A Society of Patriotic Ladies" (1774)
Miss Fanny’s Maid (1770)
"The Female Combatants" (1776)
Edward Savage, "Liberty in the Form of the Goddess of Youth Giving Support to the Bald Eagle" (1796)
Samuel Jennings, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences (1792)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Phillis Wheatley, Poet and Slave
Portrait
Scipio Moorhead, Phillis Wheatley (1773)
Letters
To Arbour Tanner (1772)
To Rev. Samson Occom (1774)
Poems
On Being Brought from Africa to America (1772)
To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for North America
PRIMARY SOURCES: Education and Republican Motherhood
"A Peculiar Mode of Education"
Benjamin Rush, Thoughts upon Female Education (1787)
"All That Independence Which Is Proper to Humanity"
Judith Sargent Murray, On the Equality of the Sexes (1790)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 4: Pedestal, Loom, and Auction Block, 1800–1860
The Ideology of True Womanhood
Christian Motherhood
A Middle-Class Ideology
Domesticity in a Market Age
Reading into the Past: Catharine Beecher, The Peculiar Responsibilities of the American Woman
Women and Wage Earning
From Market Revolution to Industrial Revolution
The Mill Girls of Lowell
The End of the Lowell Idyll
At the Bottom of the Wage Economy
Women, Slavery, and the South
Southern Native Americans and U.S. Removal Policy
Plantation Patriarchy
Plantation Mistresses
Non-elite White Women
Enslaved Women
Reading into the Past: Beloved Children: Cherokee Women Petition the National Council
Reading into the Past: Mary Boykin Chesnut, Slavery a Curse to Any Land
Conclusion: True Womanhood and the Reality of Women’s Lives
Chapter 4 Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Prostitution in New York City, 1858
William W. Sanger, The History of Prostitution: Its Extent, Causes, and Effects throughout the World (1858)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Mothering under Slavery
Documents
The Planter’s Guide and Family Book of Medicine (1848)
Fannie Moore Remembers Her Mother and Grandmother (1937)
Photographs
Fannie Moore, Age 88 (ca. 1937)
"Rosemary" Plantation Photo Album (ca. 1890s–1910s)
Advertisements for Wet Nurses
City Gazette and Daily Advertiser (October 28, 1795)
The Southern Patriot (May 10, 1842)
The Charleston Mercury (June 7, 1856)
Antebellum Slave Narrative
Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Godey’s Lady’s Book
The Constant, or the Anniversary Present (1851)
The Teacher (1844)
Purity (1850)
Cooks (1852)
Shoe Shopping (1848)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Early Photographs of Factory Operatives and Slave Women
Four Women Mill Workers (1860)
Two Women Mill Workers (1860)
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company Workers (1854)
The Hayward Family’s Slave Louisa with Her Legal Owner (c. 1858)
Thomas Easterly, Family with Their Slave Nurse (c. 1850)
Timothy O’Sullivan, Plantation in Beaufort, South Carolina (1862)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 5: Shifting Boundaries: Expansion, Reform, and Civil War, 1840–1865
An Expanding Nation, 1843–1861
Overland by Trail
The Underside of Expansion: Native Women and Californianas
The Gold Rush
Reading Into the Past: Narrative of Mrs. Rosalía Vallejo Leese (1883)
Antebellum Reform
Expanding Woman’s Sphere: Maternal, Moral, and Temperance Reform
Exploring New Territory: Radical Reform in Family and Sexual Life
Crossing Political Boundaries: Abolitionism
Entering New Territory: Women’s Rights
Reading into the Past: Sojourner Truth, I Am as Strong as Any Man
Civil War, 1861–1865
Women and the Impending Crisis
Women’s Involvement in the War
Emancipation
Conclusion: Reshaping Boundaries, Redefining Womanhood
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Female Labor in the Gold Rush Economy
Panning for Gold in Auburn Ravine (ca. 1852)
Luzena Stanley Wilson ’49er
Peter and Nancy Gooch (1858)
Nancy Gooch and the Monroe Family (ca. 1870)
Barbara Longknife to Stand Watie (June 8, 1854)
Barbara Longknife to Stand Watie, (October 11, 1857)
Indienne Californienne du Sud (ca. 1850s)
An Act for the Governance and Protection of Indians (1850)
"Story of ‘Shasta,’ an Indian Orphan Child (1856)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Rights Partnership: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in the 1850s and 1860s
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Recalls Meeting Susan B. Anthony (1881)
Anthony to Cady Stanton, Rochester (May 26, 1856)
Anthony to Cady Stanton, Home-Getting, along towards 12 O’Clock (June 5, 1856)
Cady Stanton to Anthony, Seneca Falls (June 10, 1856)
Susan B. Anthony, Why the Sexes Should Be Educated Together (1856)
Susan B. Anthony, Make the Slave’s Case Our Own (1859)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, To the American Anti-Slavery Society (May 8, 1860)
Cady Stanton to Anthony, Seneca Falls (December 15, 1859)
Anthony to Cady Stanton, Leavenworth, Kansas (April 19, 1865)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, Call for a Meeting of the Loyal Women of the Nation (1863)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women on the Civil War Battlefields
F. O. C. Darley, Midnight on the Battlefield (1890)
William Ludwell Sheppard, In the Hospital (1861)
Daughters of Charity with Doctors and Soldiers, Satterlee Hospital, Philadelphia (c. 1863)
Susie King Taylor
Harriet Tubman
Rose O’Neal Greenhow in the Old Capitol Prison with Her Daughter (1862)
F. O. C. Darley, A Woman in Battle — "Michigan Bridget" Carrying the Flag (1888)
Madam Velazquez in Female Attire and Harry T. Buford, 1st Lieutenant, Independent Scouts, Confederate States Army
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 6: Reconstructing Women’s Lives North and South, 1865–1900
Gender and the Postwar Constitutional Amendments
Constitutionalizing Women’s Rights
A New Departure for Woman Suffrage
Women’s Lives in Southern Reconstruction and Redemption
Black Women in the New South
White Women in the New South
Racial Conflict in Slavery’s Aftermath
Reading into the Past: Mary Tape, What Right Have You? (1855)
Female Wage Labor and the Triumph of Industrial Capitalism
Women’s Occupations after the Civil War
Who Were the Women Wage Earners?
Responses to Working Women
Class Conflict and Labor Organization
Reading into the Past: Leonora Barry, Women in the Knights of Labor
Women of the Leisured Classes
New Sources of Wealth and Leisure
The "Woman’s Era"
The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Consolidating the Gilded Age Women’s Movement
Looking to the Future
Reading into the Past: Harriot Stanton Blatch, Voluntary Motherhood
Conclusion: Toward a New Womanhood
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Ida B. Wells, "Race Woman"
Ida B. Wells with the Family of Thomas Moore (1892)
Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (1970)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Woman Who Toils
Mrs. John (Bessie) Van Vorst and Marie Van Vorst, The Woman Who Toils: Being the Experiences of Two Ladies as Factory Girls (1903)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Higher Education of Women in the Postbellum Years
Women Students Modeling Senior Plugs, University of California (c. 1900)
Class in Zoology, Wellesley College (1883–1884)
Basketball Team, Wells College (1904)
Class in American History, Hampton Institute (1899–1900)
Science Class, Washington, D.C., Normal College (1899)
Graduating Class, Medical College of Syracuse University (1876)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The New Woman
What We Are Coming To (1898)
In a Twentieth Century Club (1895)
Picturesque America (1900)
The Scorcher (1897)
Nellie Bly, on the Fly (1890)
Women Bachelors in New York (1896)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 7: Women in an Expanding Nation: Consolidation of the West, Mass Immigration, and the Crisis of the 1890s
Consolidating the West
Native Women in the West
Colonial Settler Families in the West
The "Wild West"
Late Nineteenth-Century Immigration
The Decision to Immigrate
The Immigrant’s Journey
Reception of the Immigrants
Immigrant Daughters
Immigrant Wives and Mothers
Reading into the Past: Emma Goldman, Living My Life
Century’s End: Challenges, Conflict, and Imperial Ventures
Rural Protest, Populism, and the Battle for Woman Suffrage
Class Conflict and the Pullman Strike of 1894
The Settlement House Movement
Epilogue to the Crisis: The Spanish-American War of 1898
Reading into the Past: Clemencia Lopez, Women of the Philippines
Conclusion: Nationhood and Womanhood on the Eve of a New Century
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Representing Native American Women in the Late Nineteenth Century
Indian Sledge Journey (1875)
Hopi Potter Nampeyo (1900)
Pueblo Women Greet Tourists (1902)
Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (1898)
Angel DeCora, Grey Wolf’s Daughter (1899)
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, Life Among the Piutes (1883)
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, From Silver Slate (July 9, 1886)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House
Twenty Years at Hull House (1910)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jacob Riis’s Photographs of Immigrant Girls and Women
In the Home of an Italian Ragpicker: Jersey Street
Knee Pants at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen — A Ludlow Street Sweater’s Shop
Police Station Lodgers: Women’s Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station
"I Scrubs": Katie Who Keeps House on West 49th Street
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 8: Power and Politics: Women in the Progressive Era, 1900–1920
The Female Labor Force
Continuity and Change for Women Wage Earners
Organizing Women Workers: The Women’s Trade Union League
The Rising of the Women
The Female Dominion
Public Housekeeping
Maternalist Triumphs: Protective Labor Legislation and Mothers’ Pensions
Maternalist Defeat: The Struggle to Ban Child Labor
Progressive Women and Political Parties
Outside the Dominion: Progressivism and Race
Votes for Women
A New Generation for Suffrage
Diversity in the Woman Suffrage Movement
Returning to the Constitution: The National Suffrage Movement
The Emergence of Feminism
The Feminist Program
The Birth Control Movement
Reading into the Past: Margaret Sanger, Woman and Birth Control
The Great War, 1914–1918
Pacifist and Antiwar Women
Preparedness and Patriotism
The Great Migration
Winning Woman Suffrage
Reading into the Past: African American Women Write about the Great Migration
Conclusion: New Conditions, New Challenges
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Black Women and Progressive-Era Reform
Lugenia Burns Hope, The Neighborhood Union: Atlanta Georgia (c. 1908)
Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The East St. Louis Massacre: The Greatest Outrage of the Century (1917)
City Colored Women’s Clubs of Augusta, Georgia, Resolution on Lynching (1918)
Nannie Burroughs, Black Women and the Suffrage (1915)
Mary Church Terrell, A Colored Woman in a White World (1940)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Parades, Picketing, and Power: Women in Public Space
"Girl Strikers," New York Evening Journal (November 10, 1909)
Members of the Rochester, New York, Branch of the Garment Workers Union (1913)
Suffragists Marching down Fifth Avenue, New York City (1913)
Suffrage Parade down Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. (March 1913)
National Woman’s Party Picketers at the White House (1917)
Protest against the East St. Louis Riots, New York City (1917)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Uncle Sam Wants You: Women and World War I Posters
"Let’s End It — Quick with Liberty Bonds"
"It’s Up to You. Protect the Nation’s Honor. Enlist Now."
"Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man. I’d Join the Navy."
"The Woman’s Land Army of America Training School"
"For Every Fighter a Woman Worker. Y.W.C.A."
PRIMARY SOURCES: Modernizing Womanhood
Edna Kenton Says Feminism Will Give Men More Fun, Women Greater Scope, Children Better Parents, Life More Charm (1914)
Inez Milholland, The Changing Home (1913)
Crystal Eastman, Birth Control in the Feminism Program (1918)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 9: Change and Continuity: Women in Prosperity, Depression, and War, 1920–1945
Prosperity Decade: The 1920s
The New Woman in Politics
Women at Work
The New Woman in the Home
Depression Decade: The 1930s
At Home in Hard Times
Women and Work
Women’s New Deal
Reading into the Past: Mary McLeod Bethune, Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1940)
Reading into the Past: Genora Johnson Dollinger Recalls the Flint Strike 1936–37 General Motors Sit-down Strike (1937)
Working for Victory: Women and War, 1941–1945
Women in the Military
Working Women in Wartime
War and Everyday Life
Conclusion: The New Woman in Ideal and Reality
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Lobbying in the 1920s
The Anti-Lynching Crusaders (1922)
"One Million Women are Working Like Trojans to Stop Lynching in the U.S.A." (1922)
The Shame of America (1922)
"American Women Urged to Vote for State Protection of Motherhood" (1920)
The Spider Web Chart (1920s)
"Women Patriots Protest the Sheppard-Towner Act" (1926)
"Organized Manufacturers vs. Organized Women" (1925)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Beauty Culture between the Wars
"Can you tell us her name?" (1926)
"Irresistible" (1938)
"You Were Never Lovelier" (1942)
"Glorifying Our Womanhood" (1925)
"Queen of Blues Singers" (1923)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Dorothea Lange Photographs Farm Women of the Great Depression
Migrant Mother #1 (1936)
Migrant Mother #3 (1936)
Migrant Mother #5 (1936)
Unemployed lumber worker goes with his wife to the bean harvest (1939)
"You don’t have to worriate so much and you’ve got time to raise sompin’ to eat" (1938)
Cotton Weighing near Brownsville, Texas (1936)
Sign of the Times — Depression — Mended Stockings, Stenographer (1934)
Feet of Negro Cotton Hoer near Clarksdale, Mississippi (1937)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Voices of "Rosie the Riveter"
"The more women at work the sooner we win!" (1943)
Hortense Johnson, What My Job Means to Me (1943)
Beatrice Morales, Oral Interview (1981)
Sylvia R. Weissbordt, U.S. Women’s Bureau, Women Workers and Their Postwar Employment Plans (1946)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 10: Beyond the Feminine Mystique: Women’s Lives, 1945–1965
Family Culture and Gender Roles
The New Affluence and the Family
The Cold War and the Family
Rethinking the Feminine Mystique
Women and Work
Women’s Activism in Conservative Times
Working-Class Women and Unions
Middle-Class Women and Voluntary Associations
A Mass Movement for Civil Rights
Challenging Segregation
Women as "Bridge Leaders"
Voter Registration and Freedom Summer
Sexism in the Movement
A Widening Circle of Civil Rights Activists
Reading into the Past: Casey Hayden and Mary King, Women in the Movement
Women and Public Policy
The Continuing Battle over the ERA
A Turning Point: The President’s Commission on the Status of Women
Reading into the Past: Esther Peterson on The President’s Commission on the Status of Women (1977)
Conclusion: The Limits of the Feminine Mystique
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Television’s Prescriptions for Women
Advertisement for Motorola Television (1951)
Advertisement for RCA Victor Television (1953)
Advertisement for General Electric Television (1955)
Ladies’ Home Journal Advertisement for NBC (1955)
Advertisement for Betty Crocker (1957)
Scene from Beulah
Scene from Amos ’n’ Andy
Scene from The Goldbergs
Scene from The Honeymooners
Scenes from I Love Lucy
Scene from Father Knows Best
PRIMARY SOURCES: "Is a Working Mother a Threat to the Home?"
Should Mothers of Young Children Work? (1958)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women in the Civil Rights Movement
Rose Parks at a Desegregation Workshop (1955)
Elizabeth Eckford attends Little Rock High School (1957)
Diane Nash on the Lunch Counter Sit-ins of 1960
Vivian Leburg Rothstein on Freedom Summer (1999)
Mary Dora Jones on Freedom Summer (1977)
Earline Boyd on Freedom Summer (1991)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 11: Modern Feminism and American Society, 1965–1980
Roots of Sixties Feminism
The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
NOW and Liberal Feminism
Reading into the Past: National Organization for Women, Women’s Bill of Rights
Women’s Liberation and the Sixties Revolutions
Sexual Revolution and Counterculture
Black Power and SNCC
The War in Vietnam and SDS
Ideas and Practices of Women’s Liberation
Consciousness-Raising
Lesbianism and Sexual Politics
Radical Feminist Theory
Diversity, Race, and Feminism
African American Women
Latina Activism
Asian American Women
Native American Women
Women of Color
Reading into the Past: Jean Horan on Forced Sterilization of Poor Women (1977)
The Impact of Feminism
Challenging Discrimination in the Workplace
Equality in Education
Women’s Autonomy over Their Bodies
Changing Public Policy and Public Consciousness
Women in Party Politics
The Reemergence of the ERA
Feminism Enters the Mainstream
Conclusion: Feminism’s Legacy
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Feminism and the Drive for Equality in the Workplace
Flight Attendants Protest Discriminatory Practices (1974)
AT&T Advertises for Telephone Operators
AT&T Promotes Women Installers
Women in the Coal Mines
New York City Firefighters
The Willmar Eight
Rabbi Sally Preisand
"Hire him. He’s got great legs."
"This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female."
"When I grow up, I’m going to be a judge, or a senator or maybe president."
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Liberation
Jo Freeman, What in the Hell Is Women’s Liberation Anyway? (1968)
Third World Women’s Alliance, Statement (1971)
Mirta Vidal, New Voice of La Raza: Chicanas Speak Out (1971)
Bread and Roses, Outreach Leaflet (1970)
Dana Densmore, Who Is Saying Men Are the Enemy? (1970)
Radicalesbians, The Woman Identified Woman (1970)
Anne Koedt, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm (1970)
Pat Mainardi, The Politics of Housework (1970)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 12: U.S. Women in a Global Age, 1980–Present
Feminism and the New Right
The STOP-ERA Campaign
The Abortion Wars
Antifeminism Diffuses through the Culture
Reading into the Past: Phyllis Schlafly, What’s Wrong with "Equal Rights" for Women?
Feminism after the Second Wave
Third-Wave Feminism
Women Stand Up to Violence
Ecofeminism
Peace Activism
Reading into the Past: LaDonna Brave Bull Allard on Standing Rock
Women and Politics
The 1980s: Carter and Reagan
Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas
The Clinton Years
George W. Bush
The Election of 2008: A Historic Presidential Choice
The Obama Years
The Long War on Terror
The Election of 2016
Reading into the Past: Ihan Omar, First Muslim Somali-American Lawmaker (2016)
Women’s Lives in Modern America and the World
Inequalities — Old and New — in the Labor Force
Combating Discrimination
Changes in Family and Sexuality
Changing Marriage Patterns
Parenting
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights
Women and the New Immigration
Conclusion: Women in the Twenty-First Century
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Gender and the Military
"We don’t promise you a rose garden either" (1999)
Shirley Sagawa and Nancy Duff Campbell, Women in Combat (1992)
Kristin Beck (2013)
Inspector General, Department of Defense, Tailhook ’91 (1992)
Tracy Moore, Review of Hero Mom (2013)
Major Margaret Witt Gets Married (2012)
Notes
Suggested References
Index
Ellen Carol DuBois
Lynn Dumenil
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