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The Making of the West, Value Edition, Volume 2 by Lynn Hunt; Thomas R. Martin; Barbara Rosenwein; Bonnie Smith - Seventh Edition, 2022 from Macmillan Student Store
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  • About
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About

An affordable, chronological text that explains western civilization in a global context
 
Designed with students in mind, The Making of the West has all of the tools you will need to understand the cross-cultural, global exchanges that shaped Western history. Achieve for The Making of the West provides the most comprehensive set of tools to help you study, including an interactive online textbook, adaptive quizzing, the companion reader Sources of The Making of the West, a variety of assessment and assignment options, and more.

Looking for digital-only access to Achieve? Please click here to purchase Achieve for The Making of the West.

Digital Options

E-book

Read online (or offline) with all the highlighting and notetaking tools you need to be successful in this course.

Learn More

Contents

Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters. 
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-17. 
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for The Making of the West 7e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Contents

Preface: Why This Book This Way 

Versions and Supplements 

Brief Contents 

Maps, Figures, and Special Features 

Authors’ Note: The b.c.e./c.e. Dating System 

World Map

 

Chapter 14

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560   

The Discovery of New Worlds   

Portuguese Explorations    ■ The Voyages of Columbus    ■ A New Era in Slavery    ■ Conquering the New World    ■ The Columbian Exchange   

The Protestant Reformation   

The Invention of Printing    ■ Popular Piety and Christian Humanism     ■ Martin Luther’s Challenge     ■ Protestantism Spreads and Divides     ■ The Contested Church of England   

Reshaping Society through Religion   

Protestant Challenges to the Social Order    ■ New Forms of Discipline    ■ Catholic Renewal   

Striving for Mastery   

Courtiers and Princes    ■ Dynastic Wars    ■ Financing War     ■ Divided Realms   

Conclusion   

Chapter 14 Review 

  

Chapter 15

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648   

Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618   

French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598     ■ Dutch Revolt against Spain     ■ Elizabeth I’s Defense of English Protestantism    ■ The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe   

The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648   

Origins and Course of the War     ■ The Effects of Constant Fighting     ■ The Peace of Westphalia, 1648   

Economic Crisis and Realignment   

From Growth to Recession     ■ Consequences for Daily Life     ■ The Economic Balance of Power   

The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview   

The Scientific Revolution    ■ The Natural Laws of Politics    ■ The Arts in an Age of Crisis    ■ Magic and Witchcraft   

Conclusion   

Chapter 15 Review

   

Chapter 16

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700   

Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits   

The Fronde, 1648–1653    ■ Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism     ■ Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy     ■ Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad   

Constitutionalism in England   

England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660     ■ Restoration and Revolution Again    

■ Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke   

Outposts of Constitutionalism   

The Dutch Republic    ■ Freedom and Slavery in the New World   

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe   

Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed     ■ Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism    ■ An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks    ■ Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism   

The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture   

Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences    ■ Women and Manners     ■ Reforming Popular Culture   

Conclusion   

Chapter 16 Review

   

Chapter 17

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750   

The Atlantic System and the World Economy   

Slavery and the Atlantic System     ■ World Trade and Settlement     ■ The Birth of Consumer Society   

New Social and Cultural Patterns   

Agricultural Revolution    ■ Social Life in the Cities    ■ New Tastes in the Arts    ■ Religious Revivals   

Consolidation of the European State System   

A New Power Alignment    ■ British Rise and Dutch Decline    ■ Russia’s Emergence as a European Power     ■ Continuing Dynastic Struggles    ■ The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population   

The Birth of the Enlightenment   

Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion    ■ Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition     ■ Raising the Woman Question   

Conclusion   

Chapter 17 Review  

 

Chapter 18

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789   

The Enlightenment at Its Height   

Men and Women of the Republic of Letters    ■ Conflicts with Church and State    ■ The Individual and Society    ■ Spreading the Enlightenment    ■ The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival   

Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment   

The Nobility’s Reassertion of Privilege     ■ The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite    ■ Life on the Margins   

State Power in an Era of Reform   

War and Diplomacy    ■ State-Sponsored Reform    ■ Limits of Reform   

Rebellions against State Power   

Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings     ■ Public Opinion and Political Opposition    ■ Revolution in North America   

Conclusion   

Chapter 18 Review  

 

Chapter 19

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799   

The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789   

Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland    ■ Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789   

From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793   

The Revolution of Rights and Reason     ■ The End of Monarchy   

Terror and Resistance   

Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety    ■ The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794    ■ Resisting the Revolution    ■ The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror   

Revolution on the March   

Arms and Conquests    ■ Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795     ■ Revolution in the Colonies     ■ Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change   

Conclusion   

Chapter 19 Review 

  

Chapter 20

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830   

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte   

A General Takes Over    ■ From Republic to Empire    ■ The New Paternalism: The Civil Code     ■ Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life   

"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests   

The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807    ■ The Impact of French Victories    ■ From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815   

The "Restoration" of Europe   

The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815     ■ The Emergence of Conservatism     ■ The Revival of Religion   

Challenges to the Conservative Order   

Romanticism    ■ Political Revolts in the 1820s    ■ Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832   

Conclusion   

Chapter 20 Review 

  

Chapter 21

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850   

The Industrial Revolution   

Roots of Industrialization    ■ Engines of Change    ■ Urbanization and Its Consequences    ■ Agricultural Perils and Prosperity   

Reforming the Social Order   

Cultural Responses to the Social Question    ■ The Varieties of Social Reform    ■ Abuses and Reforms Overseas   

Ideologies and Political Movements   

The Spell of Nationalism    ■ Liberalism in Economics and Politics    ■ Socialism and the Early Labor Movement   

The Revolutions of 1848   

The Hungry Forties    ■ Another French Revolution    ■ Nationalist Revolution in Italy    ■ Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe    ■ Aftermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority   

Conclusion   

Chapter 21 Review 

    

Chapter 22

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870   

The End of the Concert of Europe   

Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory  ■ The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs  ■ Reform in Russia   

War and Nation Building   

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification    ■ Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification     ■ Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy    ■ Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain    ■ Nation Building in North America   

Nation Building through Social Order   

Bringing Order to the Cities     ■ Expanding Government Bureaucracy     ■ Schooling and Professionalizing Society    ■ Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West    ■ Contesting the Nation-State’s Order at Home   

The Culture of Social Order   

The Arts Confront Social Reality     ■ Religion and National Order     ■ From the Natural Sciences to Social Science   

Conclusion   

Chapter 22 Review

   

Chapter 23

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890   

The New Imperialism   

The Scramble for Africa — North and South    ■ Imperializing Asia    ■ Japan’s Imperial Agenda    ■ The Paradoxes of Imperialism   

The Industry of Empire   

Industrial Innovation    ■ Facing Economic Crisis    ■ Revolution in Business Practices   

Imperial Society and Culture   

The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class    ■ Working People’s Strategies    ■ National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure    ■ Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry   

The Birth of Mass Politics   

Workers, Politics, and Protest     ■ Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe    ■ Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe   

Conclusion   

Chapter 23 Review 

  

Chapter 24

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914   

Public Debate over Private Life   

Population Pressure    ■ Reforming Marriage    ■ New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity     ■ Sciences of the Modern Self   

Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas   

The Opposition to Positivism    ■ The Revolution in Science    ■ Modern Art    ■ The Revolt in Music and Dance   

Growing Tensions in Mass Politics   

The Expanding Power of Labor     ■ Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage    ■ Liberalism Tested     ■ Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics   

European Imperialism Challenged   

The Trials of Empire    ■ The Russian Empire Threatened    ■ Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination   

Roads to War   

Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions    ■ The Race to Arms    ■ 1914: War Erupts   

Conclusion   

Chapter 24 Review 

  

Chapter 25

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929   

The Great War, 1914–1918   

Blueprints for War    ■ The Battlefronts    ■ The Home Front   

Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918   

War Protest    ■ Revolution in Russia    ■ Ending the War, 1918   

The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution   

Europe in Turmoil    ■ The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920    ■ Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace   

A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s   

Changes in the Political Landscape     ■ Reconstructing the Economy     ■ Restoring Society   

Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators   

Culture for the Masses    ■ Cultural Debates over the Future    ■ The Communist Utopia    ■ Fascism on the March in Italy   

Conclusion    

Chapter 25 Review

   

Chapter 26

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945   

The Great Depression   

Economic Disaster Strikes    ■ Social Effects of the Depression    ■ The Great Depression beyond the West   

Totalitarian Triumph   

The Rise of Stalinism    ■ Hitler’s Rise to Power    ■ The Nazification of German Politics    ■ Nazi Racism   

Democracies on the Defensive   

Confronting the Economic Crisis     ■ Cultural Visions in Hard Times   

The Road to Global War   

A Surge in Global Imperialism    ■ The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939     ■ Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939   

World War II, 1939–1945   

The German Onslaught    ■ War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond    ■ The War against Civilians    ■ Societies at War    ■ From Resistance to Allied Victory    ■ An Uneasy Postwar Settlement   

Conclusion   

Chapter 26 Review

   

Chapter 27

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s   

World Politics Transformed   

Chaos in Europe    ■ New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union    ■ Origins of the Cold War    ■ The Division of Germany   

Political and Economic Recovery in Europe   

Dealing with Nazism    ■ Rebirth of the West    ■ The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West    ■ Recovery in the East   

Decolonization in a Cold War Climate   

The End of Empire in Asia    ■ The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East    ■ New Nations in Africa    ■ Newcomers Arrive in Europe   

Daily Life and Culture in the Shadow of Nuclear War   

Restoring "Western" Values    ■ Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms    ■ The Culture of Cold War    ■ The Atomic Brink   

Conclusion   

Chapter 27 Review 

  

Chapter 28

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989   

The Revolution in Technology   

The Information Age: Television and Computers    ■ The Space Age    ■ The Nuclear Age    ■ Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology   

Postindustrial Society and Culture   

Multinational Corporations    ■ The New Worker    ■ The Boom in Education and Research    ■ Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap    ■ Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society   

Protesting Cold War Conditions   

Cracks in the Cold War Order    ■ The Growth of Citizen Activism    ■ 1968: Year of Crisis   

The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War   

A Changing Balance of World Power    ■ The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform    ■ Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc   

Conclusion   

Chapter 28 Review

   

Chapter 29

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present   

Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath   

The Breakup of Yugoslavia    ■ The Soviet Union Comes Apart     ■ Toward a Market Economy   

The Nation-State in a Global Age   

Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State    ■ Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations    ■ Global Organizations   

An Interconnected World’s New Challenges   

The Earth and Its People Threatened     ■ North versus South?     ■ Radical Islam Meets the West    ■ Population, Health, and Disease ■  The Promise and Problems of a World Economy    ■ International Politics and the New Russia

Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century   

Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration    ■ Global Networks and Social Change    ■ Global Culture versus Nationalist Isolationism    

Conclusion   

Chapter 29 Review  

 

Glossary of Key Terms  G-1

Acknowledgments  A-1

Index  I-1

About the Authors

Authors

Lynn Hunt

Lynn Hunt (PhD., Stanford University) is Distinguished Research Professor at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including most recently Writing History in the Global Era; The French and Revolution and Napoleon: Crucible of the Modern World and History: Why It Matters.


Thomas R. Martin

Thomas R. Martin (PhD., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of several books including Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and most recently Pericles: A Biography in Context. He was one of the originators of the Perseus Digital Library (www.perseus.tufts.edu).


Barbara H. Rosenwein

Barbara H. Rosenwein (PhD., University of Chicago) is professor emerita of history at Loyola University Chicago and has been visiting professor at the Universities of Utrecht (Netherlands), Gothenburg (Sweden), and Oxford (Trinity College, England). She is the author or editor of many books, including A Short History of the Middle Ages; with co-author Elina Gertsman, The Middle Ages in 50 Objects; and most recently, Anger: The Conflicted History of an Emotion.


Bonnie G. Smith

Bonnie G. Smith (PhD., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor most recently of Modern Empires: A Reader; Women in World History since 1450; and a new version of Europe in the Contemporary World since 1900, among other works.


NOW WITH ACHIEVE—Engage every student with Macmillan's affordable and easy-to-use digital option

An affordable, chronological text that explains western civilization in a global context
 
Designed with students in mind, The Making of the West has all of the tools you will need to understand the cross-cultural, global exchanges that shaped Western history. Achieve for The Making of the West provides the most comprehensive set of tools to help you study, including an interactive online textbook, adaptive quizzing, the companion reader Sources of The Making of the West, a variety of assessment and assignment options, and more.

Looking for digital-only access to Achieve? Please click here to purchase Achieve for The Making of the West.

E-book

Read online (or offline) with all the highlighting and notetaking tools you need to be successful in this course.

Learn More

Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters. 
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-17. 
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for The Making of the West 7e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Contents

Preface: Why This Book This Way 

Versions and Supplements 

Brief Contents 

Maps, Figures, and Special Features 

Authors’ Note: The b.c.e./c.e. Dating System 

World Map

 

Chapter 14

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560   

The Discovery of New Worlds   

Portuguese Explorations    ■ The Voyages of Columbus    ■ A New Era in Slavery    ■ Conquering the New World    ■ The Columbian Exchange   

The Protestant Reformation   

The Invention of Printing    ■ Popular Piety and Christian Humanism     ■ Martin Luther’s Challenge     ■ Protestantism Spreads and Divides     ■ The Contested Church of England   

Reshaping Society through Religion   

Protestant Challenges to the Social Order    ■ New Forms of Discipline    ■ Catholic Renewal   

Striving for Mastery   

Courtiers and Princes    ■ Dynastic Wars    ■ Financing War     ■ Divided Realms   

Conclusion   

Chapter 14 Review 

  

Chapter 15

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648   

Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618   

French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598     ■ Dutch Revolt against Spain     ■ Elizabeth I’s Defense of English Protestantism    ■ The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe   

The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648   

Origins and Course of the War     ■ The Effects of Constant Fighting     ■ The Peace of Westphalia, 1648   

Economic Crisis and Realignment   

From Growth to Recession     ■ Consequences for Daily Life     ■ The Economic Balance of Power   

The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview   

The Scientific Revolution    ■ The Natural Laws of Politics    ■ The Arts in an Age of Crisis    ■ Magic and Witchcraft   

Conclusion   

Chapter 15 Review

   

Chapter 16

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700   

Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits   

The Fronde, 1648–1653    ■ Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism     ■ Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy     ■ Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad   

Constitutionalism in England   

England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660     ■ Restoration and Revolution Again    

■ Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke   

Outposts of Constitutionalism   

The Dutch Republic    ■ Freedom and Slavery in the New World   

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe   

Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed     ■ Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism    ■ An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks    ■ Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism   

The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture   

Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences    ■ Women and Manners     ■ Reforming Popular Culture   

Conclusion   

Chapter 16 Review

   

Chapter 17

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750   

The Atlantic System and the World Economy   

Slavery and the Atlantic System     ■ World Trade and Settlement     ■ The Birth of Consumer Society   

New Social and Cultural Patterns   

Agricultural Revolution    ■ Social Life in the Cities    ■ New Tastes in the Arts    ■ Religious Revivals   

Consolidation of the European State System   

A New Power Alignment    ■ British Rise and Dutch Decline    ■ Russia’s Emergence as a European Power     ■ Continuing Dynastic Struggles    ■ The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population   

The Birth of the Enlightenment   

Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion    ■ Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition     ■ Raising the Woman Question   

Conclusion   

Chapter 17 Review  

 

Chapter 18

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789   

The Enlightenment at Its Height   

Men and Women of the Republic of Letters    ■ Conflicts with Church and State    ■ The Individual and Society    ■ Spreading the Enlightenment    ■ The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival   

Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment   

The Nobility’s Reassertion of Privilege     ■ The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite    ■ Life on the Margins   

State Power in an Era of Reform   

War and Diplomacy    ■ State-Sponsored Reform    ■ Limits of Reform   

Rebellions against State Power   

Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings     ■ Public Opinion and Political Opposition    ■ Revolution in North America   

Conclusion   

Chapter 18 Review  

 

Chapter 19

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799   

The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789   

Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland    ■ Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789   

From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793   

The Revolution of Rights and Reason     ■ The End of Monarchy   

Terror and Resistance   

Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety    ■ The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794    ■ Resisting the Revolution    ■ The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror   

Revolution on the March   

Arms and Conquests    ■ Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795     ■ Revolution in the Colonies     ■ Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change   

Conclusion   

Chapter 19 Review 

  

Chapter 20

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830   

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte   

A General Takes Over    ■ From Republic to Empire    ■ The New Paternalism: The Civil Code     ■ Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life   

"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests   

The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807    ■ The Impact of French Victories    ■ From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815   

The "Restoration" of Europe   

The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815     ■ The Emergence of Conservatism     ■ The Revival of Religion   

Challenges to the Conservative Order   

Romanticism    ■ Political Revolts in the 1820s    ■ Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832   

Conclusion   

Chapter 20 Review 

  

Chapter 21

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850   

The Industrial Revolution   

Roots of Industrialization    ■ Engines of Change    ■ Urbanization and Its Consequences    ■ Agricultural Perils and Prosperity   

Reforming the Social Order   

Cultural Responses to the Social Question    ■ The Varieties of Social Reform    ■ Abuses and Reforms Overseas   

Ideologies and Political Movements   

The Spell of Nationalism    ■ Liberalism in Economics and Politics    ■ Socialism and the Early Labor Movement   

The Revolutions of 1848   

The Hungry Forties    ■ Another French Revolution    ■ Nationalist Revolution in Italy    ■ Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe    ■ Aftermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority   

Conclusion   

Chapter 21 Review 

    

Chapter 22

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870   

The End of the Concert of Europe   

Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory  ■ The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs  ■ Reform in Russia   

War and Nation Building   

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification    ■ Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification     ■ Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy    ■ Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain    ■ Nation Building in North America   

Nation Building through Social Order   

Bringing Order to the Cities     ■ Expanding Government Bureaucracy     ■ Schooling and Professionalizing Society    ■ Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West    ■ Contesting the Nation-State’s Order at Home   

The Culture of Social Order   

The Arts Confront Social Reality     ■ Religion and National Order     ■ From the Natural Sciences to Social Science   

Conclusion   

Chapter 22 Review

   

Chapter 23

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890   

The New Imperialism   

The Scramble for Africa — North and South    ■ Imperializing Asia    ■ Japan’s Imperial Agenda    ■ The Paradoxes of Imperialism   

The Industry of Empire   

Industrial Innovation    ■ Facing Economic Crisis    ■ Revolution in Business Practices   

Imperial Society and Culture   

The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class    ■ Working People’s Strategies    ■ National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure    ■ Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry   

The Birth of Mass Politics   

Workers, Politics, and Protest     ■ Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe    ■ Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe   

Conclusion   

Chapter 23 Review 

  

Chapter 24

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914   

Public Debate over Private Life   

Population Pressure    ■ Reforming Marriage    ■ New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity     ■ Sciences of the Modern Self   

Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas   

The Opposition to Positivism    ■ The Revolution in Science    ■ Modern Art    ■ The Revolt in Music and Dance   

Growing Tensions in Mass Politics   

The Expanding Power of Labor     ■ Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage    ■ Liberalism Tested     ■ Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics   

European Imperialism Challenged   

The Trials of Empire    ■ The Russian Empire Threatened    ■ Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination   

Roads to War   

Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions    ■ The Race to Arms    ■ 1914: War Erupts   

Conclusion   

Chapter 24 Review 

  

Chapter 25

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929   

The Great War, 1914–1918   

Blueprints for War    ■ The Battlefronts    ■ The Home Front   

Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918   

War Protest    ■ Revolution in Russia    ■ Ending the War, 1918   

The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution   

Europe in Turmoil    ■ The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920    ■ Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace   

A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s   

Changes in the Political Landscape     ■ Reconstructing the Economy     ■ Restoring Society   

Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators   

Culture for the Masses    ■ Cultural Debates over the Future    ■ The Communist Utopia    ■ Fascism on the March in Italy   

Conclusion    

Chapter 25 Review

   

Chapter 26

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945   

The Great Depression   

Economic Disaster Strikes    ■ Social Effects of the Depression    ■ The Great Depression beyond the West   

Totalitarian Triumph   

The Rise of Stalinism    ■ Hitler’s Rise to Power    ■ The Nazification of German Politics    ■ Nazi Racism   

Democracies on the Defensive   

Confronting the Economic Crisis     ■ Cultural Visions in Hard Times   

The Road to Global War   

A Surge in Global Imperialism    ■ The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939     ■ Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939   

World War II, 1939–1945   

The German Onslaught    ■ War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond    ■ The War against Civilians    ■ Societies at War    ■ From Resistance to Allied Victory    ■ An Uneasy Postwar Settlement   

Conclusion   

Chapter 26 Review

   

Chapter 27

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s   

World Politics Transformed   

Chaos in Europe    ■ New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union    ■ Origins of the Cold War    ■ The Division of Germany   

Political and Economic Recovery in Europe   

Dealing with Nazism    ■ Rebirth of the West    ■ The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West    ■ Recovery in the East   

Decolonization in a Cold War Climate   

The End of Empire in Asia    ■ The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East    ■ New Nations in Africa    ■ Newcomers Arrive in Europe   

Daily Life and Culture in the Shadow of Nuclear War   

Restoring "Western" Values    ■ Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms    ■ The Culture of Cold War    ■ The Atomic Brink   

Conclusion   

Chapter 27 Review 

  

Chapter 28

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989   

The Revolution in Technology   

The Information Age: Television and Computers    ■ The Space Age    ■ The Nuclear Age    ■ Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology   

Postindustrial Society and Culture   

Multinational Corporations    ■ The New Worker    ■ The Boom in Education and Research    ■ Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap    ■ Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society   

Protesting Cold War Conditions   

Cracks in the Cold War Order    ■ The Growth of Citizen Activism    ■ 1968: Year of Crisis   

The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War   

A Changing Balance of World Power    ■ The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform    ■ Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc   

Conclusion   

Chapter 28 Review

   

Chapter 29

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present   

Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath   

The Breakup of Yugoslavia    ■ The Soviet Union Comes Apart     ■ Toward a Market Economy   

The Nation-State in a Global Age   

Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State    ■ Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations    ■ Global Organizations   

An Interconnected World’s New Challenges   

The Earth and Its People Threatened     ■ North versus South?     ■ Radical Islam Meets the West    ■ Population, Health, and Disease ■  The Promise and Problems of a World Economy    ■ International Politics and the New Russia

Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century   

Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration    ■ Global Networks and Social Change    ■ Global Culture versus Nationalist Isolationism    

Conclusion   

Chapter 29 Review  

 

Glossary of Key Terms  G-1

Acknowledgments  A-1

Index  I-1

About the Authors

Lynn Hunt

Lynn Hunt (PhD., Stanford University) is Distinguished Research Professor at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including most recently Writing History in the Global Era; The French and Revolution and Napoleon: Crucible of the Modern World and History: Why It Matters.


Thomas R. Martin

Thomas R. Martin (PhD., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of several books including Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and most recently Pericles: A Biography in Context. He was one of the originators of the Perseus Digital Library (www.perseus.tufts.edu).


Barbara H. Rosenwein

Barbara H. Rosenwein (PhD., University of Chicago) is professor emerita of history at Loyola University Chicago and has been visiting professor at the Universities of Utrecht (Netherlands), Gothenburg (Sweden), and Oxford (Trinity College, England). She is the author or editor of many books, including A Short History of the Middle Ages; with co-author Elina Gertsman, The Middle Ages in 50 Objects; and most recently, Anger: The Conflicted History of an Emotion.


Bonnie G. Smith

Bonnie G. Smith (PhD., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor most recently of Modern Empires: A Reader; Women in World History since 1450; and a new version of Europe in the Contemporary World since 1900, among other works.


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