Exploring American Histories, Volume 1

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.　
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.　
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for Exploring American Histories, 4e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
How to Use This Book

　

Chapter 1

Mapping Global Frontiers, to 1590 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Malintzin and Martin Waldseemüller 

Native Peoples in the Americas 

Native Peoples Develop Diverse Cultures 

The Aztecs, the Maya, and the Incas 

Native Cultures to the North 

Europe Expands Its Reach 

The Mediterranean World 

Portugal Pursues Long-Distance Trade 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 1.1 Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann, Universalis Cosmographia, 1507 

European Encounters with West Africa 

Worlds Collide 

Europeans Cross the Atlantic 

Europeans Explore the Americas

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Who Are These Native People?

Source 1.2 Christopher Columbus, Description of His First Encounter with Indians, 1492　

Source 1.3 Antonio Pigafetta, Journal, 1521 

Mapmaking and Printing 

The Columbian Exchange 

Europeans Make Claims to North America 

Spaniards Conquer Indian Empires

Spanish Adventurers Head North 

Europeans Compete in North America 

Spain Seeks Dominion in Europe and the Americas 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Indians in the New Spanish Empire 　 　 　 　

Source 1.4 Camilla Townsend, An Indian Woman Aids in the Conquest of Mexico, 2006　 |Source 1.5 Jane E. Mangan, Indians Seek to Benefit from Spanish Conquest, 2005

Conclusion: A Transformed America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 1

Indian and Spanish Encounters in the Americas, 1519–1530 

Source 1.6 Hernán Cortés, Letter to King Charles I, 1520 | Source 1.7 Aztec Priests, Respond to the Spanish, 1524 | Source 1.8 Hernán Cortés and Malintzin Meet Montezuma at Tenochtitlán, 1519 | Source 1.9 Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, La Relación, c. 1528

 

Chapter 2

Colonization and Conflicts, 1580–1680 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Powhatan and Anne Hutchinson 

Religious, Economic, and Imperial Transformations 

The Protestant Reformation 

Spain’s Global Empire Declines 

France Enters the Race for Empire 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 2.1 A French Nun Reports a Huron Woman’s View of the Jesuits, 1640 

The Dutch Expand into North America 

The English Seek an Empire 

The English Establish Jamestown

Tobacco Fuels Growth in Virginia 

Expansion, Rebellion, and the Emergence of Slavery 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Indentured Servants In the Chesapeake

Source 2.2 Sarah Tailer Charges Captain and Mrs. Thomas Bradnox with Abuse, 1659 Source 2.3 Report of a Committee of the Assembly Concerning the Freedom of Elizabeth Key, 1656  

The English Compete for West Indies Possessions 

Pilgrims and Puritans Settle New England 

Pilgrims Arrive in Massachusetts 

The Puritan Migration 

The Puritan Worldview 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Colonial Models of and for English Society

Source 2.4 Jack P. Greene, The Chesapeake as a Model of and For English Society, 1988　 |Source 2.5 Alan Taylor, New England Puritans Develop Anglo-American Ideals, 2001

Dissenters Challenge Puritan Authority 

Wars in Old and New England 

Conclusion: European Empires in North America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 2

King Philip’s War 

Source 2.6 William Nahaton, Petition to Free an Indian Slave, 1675 | Source 2.7 Benjamin Church, A Visit with Awashonks, Sachem of the Sakonnet,1716 | Source 2.8 John Easton, A Relation of the Indian War, 1675 | Source 2.9 Edward Randolph, Report on the War, 1676 | Source 2.10 Mary Rowlandson, Narrative of Captivity, 1682

 

Chapter 3

Colonial America amid Global Change, 1680–1754 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

William Moraley Jr. and Eliza Lucas

Europeans Expand Their Claims 

English Colonies Grow and Multiply 

The Pueblo Revolt and Spain’s Fragile Empire 

France Seeks Land and Control 　

European Wars and American Consequences 

Colonial Conflicts and Indian Alliances 

Indians Resist European Encroachment 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 3.1 The Tuscarora Appeal to the Pennsylvania Government, 1710 

Conflicts on the Southern Frontier 

The Benefits and Costs of Empire 

Colonial Traders Join Global Networks 

Imperial Policies Focus on Profits 

The Atlantic Slave Trade 

Seaport Cities and Consumer Cultures 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Middle Passage

Source 3.2 Plan of a Slave Ship, 1794

Source 3.3 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789 

Labor in North America 

Finding Work in the Colonies 

Coping with Economic Distress 

Rural Americans Face Changing Conditions 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Individualism and Community in Colonial North America

Source 3.4 James T. Lemon, Individualism Flourishes in Pennsvylvania , 1972　　

Source 3.5 James A. Henretta, Ethnic and Religious Bonds Foster Community, 1978

Slavery Takes Hold in the South 

Africans Resist Their Enslavement 

Conclusion: Changing Fortunes in British North America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 3

Tobacco and Slaves 

Source 3.6 Virginia Slave Laws, 1662 and 1667 | Source 3.7 Joseph Ball Instructs His Nephew on Managing Enslaved Workers, 1743 | Source 3.8 Penny Print of Enslaved Blacks and Plantation Owner, c. 1750 | Source 3.9 Richard Corbin Describes How to Become a Successful Planter, 1759 | Source 3.10 Lieutenant Governor William Gooch to the Board of Trade, London, 1729

 

Chapter 4

Religious Strife and Social Upheavals, 1680–1750 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Gilbert Tennent and Sarah Grosvenor 

An Ungodly Society? 

The Rise of Religious Anxieties 

Cries of Witchcraft 

Family and Household Dynamics

Women’s Changing Status 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 4.1 Abigail Faulkner Appeals Her Conviction for Witchcraft, 1692 

Working Families 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Elite Women’s Lives in the North American Colonies

Source 4.2 Isaac Royall and His Family, 1741

Source 4.3 Eliza Lucas, Letter to Miss Bartlett, London, c. 1742 

Reproduction and Women’s Roles 

The Limits of Patriarchal Order 

Diversity and Competition in Colonial Society 

Population Growth and Economic Competition 

Increasing Diversity 

Expansion and Conflict

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Finding a Middle Ground in New France

Source 4.4 Richard White, Cultural Accommodation on the Middle Ground, 1991　

Source 4.5 Brett Rushforth, Indian Slavery and Accommodation, 2014　　　　　　　　

Religious Awakenings 

The Roots of the Great Awakening 

An Outburst of Revivals 

Religious Dissension 

Political Awakenings 

Changing Political Relations 

Dissent and Protest 

Transforming Urban Politics 

Conclusion: A Divided Society 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 4

Awakening Religious Tensions 

Source 4.6 Benjamin Franklin, On George Whitefield, the Great Revivalist, 1739 | Source 4.7 Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 1741 | Source 4.8 Newspaper Report on James Davenport, 1743 | Source 4.9 George Whitefield Preaching, c. 1760 | Source 4.10 Sarah Osborn, Letter to Reverend Joseph Fish, February 28, 1767

 

Chapter 5

War and Empire, 1754–1774 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Washington and Pontiac 

Imperial Conflicts and Indian Wars, 1754–1763 

The Opening Battles 

A Shift to Global War

The Costs of Victory 

Battles and Boundaries on the Frontier 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 5.1  Minavavana, Speech to Fur Trader Alexander Henry, 1761

Conflicts over Land and Labor Escalate 

Postwar British Policies and Colonial Unity 

Common Grievances 

Forging Ties across the Colonies 

Great Britain Seeks Greater Control 

Resistance to Britain Intensifies 

The Stamp Act Inspires Coordinated Resistance

The Townshend Act

The Boston Massacre 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Protesting the Stamp Act

Source 5.2 London Merchants Petition to Repeal the Stamp Act, 1766

Source 5.3 The Repeal, 1766 

Continuing Conflicts at Home 

Tea and Widening Resistance 

The Continental Congress and Colonial Unity 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Colonial Identities in Eighteenth Century British North America

Source 5.4 Gordon Wood, Britain’s Influence on Colonial Identities,　 1993　

Source 5.5 Jon Butler, American Influences on Colonial Identities , 2000

Conclusion: Liberty within Empire 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 5

The Boston Massacre 

Source 5.6 Deposition of William Wyatt, March 7, 1770 | Source 5.7 Account of Boston Massacre Funeral Procession, March 12, 1770 | Source 5.8 Paul Revere, Etching of the Boston Massacre, 1770 | Source 5.9 Account of Captain Thomas Preston, June 25, 1770 | Source 5.10 John Adams, Defense of the British Soldiers at Trial, October 1770　

 

Chapter 6

The American Revolution, 1775–1783 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Thomas Paine and Elizabeth Freeman

The Question of Independence 

Armed Conflict Erupts 

Building a Continental Army 

Reasons for Caution and for Action 

Declaring Independence 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 6.1 Thomas Paine, Common Sense, January 1776 

Choosing Sides 

Recruiting Supporters

Choosing Neutrality 

Committing to Independence 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

African Americans in New York City Amid the Upheavals of 1776

Source 6.2 Slaves Destroy Statue of King George III in New York City, 1776

Source 6.3 A Fire Burns British-Occupied New York City, September 1776 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Americans Decide to Revolt against British Rule

Source 6.4 Bernard Bailyn, The Importance of Ideas, 1967

Source 6.5 Timothy H. Breen, Insurgents Mobilize, 2010　

Fighting for Independence, 1776–1777 

British Troops Gain Early Victories 

Patriots Prevail in New Jersey 

A Critical Year of Warfare 

Patriots Gain Critical Assistance 

Surviving on the Home Front 

Governing in Revolutionary Times 

Colonies Become States 

Patriots Divide over Slavery 

France Allies with the Patriots

Raising Armies and Funds 

Indian and Patriots Battle for Land

Conflicts Escalate on the Frontier

Winning the War and the Peace, 1778–1783

War Rages in the South

An Uncertain Peace 

A Surprising Victory 

Conclusion: Legacies of the Revolution 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 6

Women in the Revolution 

Source 6.6 Christian Barnes, Letter to Elizabeth Inman, April 29, 1775 | Source 6.7 Abigail Adams, Letter to John Adams, March 31, 1776 | Source 6.8 Mary Brant, Letter to Capt. Daniel Claus, Montreal, 5 October 1779 | Source 6.9 Esther De Berdt Reed, The Sentiments of an American Woman, 1780 | Source 6.10 Elizabeth "Mum Bett" Freeman, 1811

 

Chapter 7

Forging a New Nation, 1783–1800 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Daniel Shays and Alexander Hamilton 

Financial, Frontier, and Foreign Problems 

Continental Officers Threaten Confederation 

Indians, Land, and the Northwest Ordinance 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 7.1 United Indian Nations Council, Message to Congress, 1786 

Depression and Debt 

On the Political Margins 

Separating Church and State 

African Americans Struggle for Rights 

Women Seek Wider Roles 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Women and Free Blacks Claim Rights in the Nation

Source 7.2 Judith Sargent Murray, On the Equality of the Sexes, 1790

Source 7.3 Petition from Free Blacks of Charleston, 1791

Indebted Farmers Fuel Political Crises 

Reframing the American Government

The Constitutional Convention of 1787

Americans Battle over Ratification 

Organizing the Federal Government 

Hamilton Forges an Economic Agenda 

Years of Crisis, 1792–1796 

Foreign Trade and Foreign Wars 

Disease and Dissent

Further Conflicts on the Frontier 

The First Party System 

The Adams Presidency 

The Election of 1800 

　　　　COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

　　　　Partisan Campaigning in the Election of 1800

　　　　Source 7.4 Eric Burns, Federalists Attack Thomas Jefferson, 2006

　　　　Source 7.5 John Ferling, Democratic-Republicans Attack John Adams, 2013　　　　　　　　　

Conclusion: A Young Nation Comes of Age 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 7

Debating the Constitution in New York State 

Source 7.6 James Madison, Federalist 10, The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection, November 1787 | Source 7.7 Melancton Smith, Antifederalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788 | Source 7.8 Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788 | Source 7.9 John Williams, Antifederalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788 | Source 7.10 The Eleventh Pillar of the Great National Dome, 1788

 

Chapter 8

The Early Republic, 1790–1820 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Parker Cleaveland and Sacagawea 

The Dilemmas of National Identity

Education for a New Nation 

Literary and Cultural Developments 

Religious Renewal 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 8.1 Samuel Jennings, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences, 1792 

The Racial Limits of "American" Culture　　

A New Capital for a New Nation 

Extending Federal Power 

A New Administration Faces Challenges 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

White Responses to Black Rebellion

Source 8.2 Thomas Jefferson, Letter to U.S. Minister to Great Britain Rufus King, July 1802　 Source 8.3 Leonora Sansay, Letter to Aaron Burr, November 1802 

The Louisiana Territory and Indian Societies

The Supreme Court Extends Its Reach 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Religion and Politics in the Early Republic

Source 8.4 Nathan O. Hatch, Religion as a Democratizing Force, 1989　

Source 8.5 Amanda Porterfield, Religion Sows Doubt and Nurtures Partisanship, 2012

Democratic-Republicans Expand Federal Powers 

Remaking America’s Economic Character 

Native Lands and American Migrations

Technology Reshapes Agriculture and Industry 

Transforming Domestic Production 

Technology, Cotton, and Slaves 

Conclusion: New Identities and New Challenges 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 8

The Corps of Discovery: Paeans to Peace and Instruments of War 

Source 8.6 William Clark, Journal, October 12, 1804 | Source 8.7 Charles McKenzie, Narrative of a Fur Trader, November 1804 | Source 8.8 William Clark, Journal, November 18, 1804 | Source 8.9 William Clark, Journal, January 28, 1805, and Meriwether Lewis, February 1, 1805 | Source 8.10 Meriwether Lewis, Journal, August 20, 1805

 

Chapter 9

Defending and Redefining the Nation, 1809–1832 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Dolley Madison and John Ross 

Conflicts at Home and Abroad 

Tensions at Sea and on the Frontier 

War with Britain and their Indian Allies

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 9.1 Tecumseh, Speech to William Henry Harrison, 1810 

National Expansion and Regional Economies 

Governments Fuel Economic Growth 

Americans Expand the Nation’s Borders 

Regional Economic Development 

Economic and Political Crises 

The Panic of 1819 

Slavery in Missouri 

The Expansion and Limits of American Democracy 

Expanding Voting Rights 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Protesting the Missouri Compromise 

Source 9.2 Timothy Claimright, Maine Not to be Coupled with the Missouri Question, 1820 Source 9.3 Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes, 1820 

Racist Restrictions and Racial Violence 

Political Realignments 

The Presidential Election of 1828 

Jacksonian Politics in Action 

A Democratic Spirit? 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Expanding American Democracy for Whom?

Source 9.4 Alexander Keyssar, Broadening the Franchise, 2000

Source 9.5 James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, The Limits of Democratic Expansion, 1997

Confrontations over Tariffs and the Bank 

Contesting Indian Removal

Conclusion: The Nation Faces New Challenges 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 9

The Cherokee Engage White America

Source 9.6 Women’s Petition to the Cherokee National Council, June 30, 1818 | Source 9.7 Sequoyah’s Cherokee Syllabary, 1821 | Source 9.8 Cherokee Constitution, 1827 | Source 9.9 Nancy Reese, Letter to Reverend Fayette Shepherd, December 25, 1828 | Source 9.10 John Ross, On the Treaty of New Echota, 1836

 

Chapter 10

Social and Cultural Ferment in the North, 1820–1850 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Charles Grandison Finney and Amy Kirby Post 

The Market Revolution 

Creating an Urban Landscape 

The Lure of Urban Life

Roots of Urban Disorder

The New Middle Class 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 10.1 1850 U.S. Census of the Isaac and Amy Post Household

The Rise of Industry 

Factory Towns and Women Workers 

The Decline of Craft Work and Workingmen’s Responses 

The Panic of 1837  

Saving the Nation from Sin 

The Second Great Awakening 

New Visions of Faith and Reform 

Transcendentalism 

Organizing for Change 

Varieties of Reform 

The Problem of Poverty 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

How Can We Help the Poor?

Source 10.2 Matthew Carey, Appeal to the Wealthy of the Land, 1833

Source 10.3 Emily G. Kempshall, Letter to Rochester Female Charitable Society, 1838 

The Temperance Movement

Utopian Communities 

Abolitionism Expands and Divides 

The Beginnings of the Antislavery Movement 

Abolition Gains Ground and Enemies

Abolitionism and Women’s Rights

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Religion, Race, and the Call to End Slavery

Source 10.4 Lawrence J. Friedman, The Religious Roots of Immediate Abolition, 1982

Source 10.5 Manisha Sinha, The Black Roots of Immediate Abolition, 2016

The Rise of Antislavery Parties 

Conclusion: From the North to the Nation 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 10

Religious Faith and Women’s Activism 

Source 10.6 Charles G. Finney, An Influential Woman Converts, 1830 | Source 10.7 Elizabeth Emery and Mary P. Abbott, Founding a Female Anti-Slavery Society, 1836 | Source 10.8 Maria Stewart, On Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality, 1831 | Source 10.9 Congregational Pastoral Letter, 1837 | Source 10.10 Sarah Grimké, Response to the Pastoral Letter, 1837

 

Chapter 11

Slavery Expands South and West, 1830–1850 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

José Antonio Menchaca and Solomon Northrup

Planters Expand the Slave System 

A Plantation Society Develops in the South 

Urban Life in the Slave South 

The Consequences of Slavery’s Expansion 

Slave Society and Culture 

Enslaved Labor Fuels the Economy

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 11.1 Edward Strutt Abdy, Description of Washington D.C., Slave Pen, 1833 

Developing an African American Culture 

Resistance and Rebellion 

Planters Tighten Control

Harsher Treatment for Southern Blacks 

White Southerners without Slaves 

Planters Seek to Unify Southern Whites 

Democrats Face Political and Economic Crises 

The Battle for Texas 

Indians Resist Removal 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Two Views on Texas Independence

Source 11.2 Colonel William Travis, Appeal for Reinforcements, March 3, 1836

Source 11.3 Benjamin Lundy, The War in Texas, 1836 

Van Buren and the Panic of 1837 

The Whigs Win the White House 

The National Government Looks to the West 

Expanding to Oregon and Texas 

Pursuing War with Mexico 

Debates over Slavery Intensify 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Families in Slavery

Source 11.4 Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, Planters Shape Slave

Families, 1974　

Source 11.5 Deborah Gray White, The Roles of Enslaved Women, 1985

Conclusion: Geographical Expansion and Political Division 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 11

Lives in Slavery 

Source 11.6 William Wells Brown, Memories of Childhood | Source 11.7 Harriet Jacobs, A Girl Threatened by Sexual Exploitation | Source 11.8 Solomon Northup, Endless Labor and Constant Fear | Source 11.9 Friedrich Shulz, The Slave Market | Source 11.10 Mary Reynolds, Recalling Work, Punishment, and Faith c. 1850s

 

Chapter 12

Imperial Ambitions and Sectional Crises, 1842–1861 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

John C. Frémont and Dred Scott 

Claiming the West 

Traveling the Overland Trail 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 12.1 Elizabeth Smith Geer, Oregon Trail Diary, 1847 

The Gold Rush 

A Crowded Land 

Expansion and the Politics of Slavery 

California and the Compromise of 1850 

The Fugitive Slave Act Inspires Northern Protest 

Pierce Encourages U.S. Expansion 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Fugitive Slave Law Contested

Source 12.2 William C. Nell, Meeting of Colored Citizens of Boston, September 30, 1850　 Source 12.3 President Millard Fillmore, Proclamation 56 Calling on Citizens to Assist in the Recapture of a Fugitive Slave, February 18, 1851 

Sectional Crises Intensify 

Popularizing Antislavery Sentiment 

The Kansas-Nebraska Act Stirs Dissent

Bleeding Kansas and the Election of 1856

The Dred Scott Decision 

From Sectional Crisis to Southern Secession 

Cortina’s War and John Brown’s Raid 

The Election of 1860 

From Secession to War 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

White Southerners Decide To Secede 　 　

Source 12.4  Michael P. Johnson, Georgians Choose Secession, 1977

Source 12.5　 J. Mills Thornton, Alabamans Move toward Secession, 1978

Conclusion: A Nation Divided 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 12

Debating Secession

Source 12.6 Robert Toombs, Supporting Secession in Georgia, November 13, 1860 | Source 12.7 Waitman T. Willey, Speech at Virginia State Secession Convention, March 4, 1861 | Source 12.8 Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Jefferson Davis about to become Provisional President of the Confederacy, March 16, 1861 | Source 12.9 Alexander Stephens, Cornerstone Speech, March 21, 1861 | Source 12.10  Mary Boykin Chesnut, Diary entries, April 4-12, 1861

 

Chapter 13

Civil War, 1861–1865 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Frederick Douglass and Rose O’Neal Greenhow 

The Nation at War, 1861-1862 

Both Sides Prepare for War 

Wartime Roles of African Americans, Indians, and Mexican Americans 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 13.1 General Benjamin Butler, Enslaved Blacks Flee to Union Army Camps, May 27, 1861

Union Politicians Consider Emancipation 　

War Transforms the North and the South

Life and Death on the Battlefield 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Photographers Bring the War Home

Source 13.2 Union Soldiers in Camp, c. 1863

Source 13.3 Battlefield Dead at Antietam, 1862 

The Northern Economy Expands 

Urbanization and Industrialization in the South 

Women Aid the War Effort 

Dissent and Protest in the Midst of War

The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865 

Key Victories for the Union 

African Americans Contribute to Victory 

The Final Battles of a Hard War 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Why Union Soldiers Fought the Civil War

　　　　Source 13.4 Chandra Manning, The Fight Against Slavery (2007)

　　　　Source 13.5 Gary Gallagher, The Fight to Save the Union (2011)

The War Comes to an End 

Conclusion: An Uncertain Future 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 13

Firsthand Accounts of the Civil War

Source 13.6 Frederick Spooner, Letter to His Brother Henry, April 30, 1861 | Source 13.7 John Hines, Letter to His Parents, April 22, 1862 | Source 13.8 Suzy King Taylor, Caring for the Thirty-third U.S. Colored Troops, 1863 | Source 13.9 Thomas Freeman, Letter to His Brother-in-Law, March 26, 1864 | Source 13.10 Eliza Frances Andrews, On Union Prisoners of War, 1865　

 

Chapter 14

Emancipation and Reconstruction, 1863–1877 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Jefferson Long and Andrew Johnson 

Emancipation 

African Americans Embrace Freedom 

Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 14.1 Freedpeople Petition for Land, 1865 

Freedom to Learn 

Freedom to Worship and the Leadership Role of Black Churches 

National Reconstruction 

Abraham Lincoln Plans for Reunification 

Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction 

Johnson and Congressional Resistance 

Congressional Reconstruction 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Debating the Freedmen’s Bureau

Source 14.2 Colonel Eliphalet Whittlesey, Report on the Freedman’s Bureau, 1865

Source 14.3 Democratic Flier Opposing the Freedman’s Bureau Bill, 1866 

The Struggle for Universal Suffrage 

Remaking the South 

Whites Reconstruct the South 

Black Political Participation and Economic Opportunities 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Race and Reconstruction　 　 　 　 　 　

　　　　Source 14.4 William A. Dunning, Radical Reconstruction (1907)

　　　　Source 14.5 John Hope Franklin, The South’s New Leaders (1961)

White Resistance to Congressional Reconstruction 

The Unraveling of Reconstruction 

The Republican Retreat 

Congressional and Judicial Retreat 

The Presidential Compromise of 1876 

Conclusion: The Legacies of Reconstruction 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 14

Testing and Contesting Freedom 

Source 14.6 Mississippi Black Code, 1865 | Source 14.7 Richard H. Cain, Federal Aid for Land Purchase, 1868 | Source 14.8  Willis B. Bocock and Black Laborers, Sharecropping Agreement, 1870　 | Source 14.9 Ellen Parton, Testimony on Klan Violence, 1871 | Source 14.10 Thomas Nast, Colored Rule in a Reconstructed (?) State, 1874