The Making of the West, Volume 2

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-17.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for The Making of the West 7e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Contents

Preface: Why This Book This Way

Versions and Supplements

Brief Contents

Maps, Figures, and Special Features

Authors’ Note: The b.c.e./c.e. Dating System

World Map

 

Chapter 14

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560

The Discovery of New Worlds

Portuguese Explorations ■ The Voyages of Columbus ■ A New Era in Slavery ■ Conquering the New World ■ The Columbian Exchange

The Protestant Reformation

The Invention of Printing ■ Popular Piety and Christian Humanism ■ Martin Luther’s Challenge ■ Protestantism Spreads and Divides ■ The Contested Church of England

Reshaping Society through Religion

Protestant Challenges to the Social Order ■ New Forms of Discipline ■ Catholic Renewal

Striving for Mastery

Courtiers and Princes ■ Dynastic Wars ■ Financing War ■ Divided Realms

Conclusion

Chapter 14 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493)

Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?

Terms of History: Protestant Reformation

Environment Matters: Smallpox Kills Native Peoples

 

Chapter 15

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648

Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618

French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 ■ Dutch Revolt against Spain ■ Elizabeth I’s Defense of English Protestantism ■ The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe

The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648

Origins and Course of the War ■ The Effects of Constant Fighting ■ The Peace of Westphalia, 1648

Economic Crisis and Realignment

From Growth to Recession ■ Consequences for Daily Life ■ The Economic Balance of Power

The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview

The Scientific Revolution ■ The Natural Laws of Politics ■ The Arts in an Age of Crisis ■ Magic and Witchcraft

Conclusion

Chapter 15 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Sentence Pronounced against Galileo (1633)

Contrasting Views: Political Authority and Religion: What Happened When Subjects Held Different Beliefs?

Terms of History: Scientific Revolution

Environment Matters: Dutch Canals

 

Chapter 16

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700

Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits

The Fronde, 1648–1653 ■ Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism ■ Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy ■ Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad

Constitutionalism in England

England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660 ■ Restoration and Revolution Again

■ Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke

Outposts of Constitutionalism

The Dutch Republic ■ Freedom and Slavery in the New World

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed ■ Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism ■ An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks ■ Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism

The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture

Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences ■ Women and Manners ■ Reforming Popular Culture

Conclusion

Chapter 16 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Louis XIV, Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)

Contrasting Views: The English Civil War

Terms of History: Absolutism

Environment Matters: Great Fire of London, 1666

 

Chapter 17

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750

The Atlantic System and the World Economy

Slavery and the Atlantic System ■ World Trade and Settlement ■ The Birth of Consumer Society

New Social and Cultural Patterns

Agricultural Revolution ■ Social Life in the Cities ■ New Tastes in the Arts ■ Religious Revivals

Consolidation of the European State System

A New Power Alignment ■ British Rise and Dutch Decline ■ Russia’s Emergence as a European Power ■ Continuing Dynastic Struggles ■ The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population

The Birth of the Enlightenment

Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion ■ Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition ■ Raising the Woman Question

Conclusion

Chapter 17 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Montesquieu, Persian Letters: Letter 37 (1721)

Contrasting Views: Peter the Great of Russia

Terms of History: Progress

Environment Matters: The Building of St. Petersburg

 

Chapter 18

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789

The Enlightenment at Its Height

Men and Women of the Republic of Letters ■ Conflicts with Church and State ■ The Individual and Society ■ Spreading the Enlightenment ■ The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival

Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment

The Nobility’s Reassertion of Privilege ■ The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite ■ Life on the Margins

State Power in an Era of Reform

War and Diplomacy ■ State-Sponsored Reform ■ Limits of Reform

Rebellions against State Power

Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings ■ Public Opinion and Political Opposition ■ Revolution in North America

Conclusion

Chapter 18 Review

Primary Source Analysis: "Slavery" in the Encyclopedia (1755)

Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment

Terms of History: Enlightenment

Environment Matters: The Vogue for Classical Ruins

 

Chapter 19

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799

The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789

Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland ■ Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789

From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793

The Revolution of Rights and Reason ■ The End of Monarchy

Terror and Resistance

Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety ■ The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794 ■ Resisting the Revolution ■ The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror

Revolution on the March

Arms and Conquests ■ Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795 ■ Revolution in the Colonies ■ Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change

Conclusion

Chapter 19 Review

Primary Source Analysis: The Rights of Minorities (1789)

Contrasting Views: Perspectives on the French Revolution

Terms of History: Revolution

Environment Matters: The Destruction of a Symbol of Oppression

 

Chapter 20

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

A General Takes Over ■ From Republic to Empire ■ The New Paternalism: The Civil Code ■ Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life

"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests

The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807 ■ The Impact of French Victories ■ From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815

The "Restoration" of Europe

The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815 ■ The Emergence of Conservatism ■ The Revival of Religion

Challenges to the Conservative Order

Romanticism ■ Political Revolts in the 1820s ■ Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832

Conclusion

Chapter 20 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Byron’s Poetry (1821)

Contrasting Views: Napoleon: For and Against

Terms of History: Romanticism

Environment Matters: Nature Tourism

 

Chapter 21

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850

The Industrial Revolution

Roots of Industrialization ■ Engines of Change ■ Urbanization and Its Consequences ■ Agricultural Perils and Prosperity

Reforming the Social Order

Cultural Responses to the Social Question ■ The Varieties of Social Reform ■ Abuses and Reforms Overseas

Ideologies and Political Movements

The Spell of Nationalism ■ Liberalism in Economics and Politics ■ Socialism and the Early Labor Movement

The Revolutions of 1848

The Hungry Forties ■ Another French Revolution ■ Nationalist Revolution in Italy ■ Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe ■ Aftermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority

Conclusion

Chapter 21 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)

Contrasting Views: The Effects of Industrialization

Terms of History: Socialism

Environment Matters: Joseph M. W. Turner, The Fighting "Téméraire" Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken Up (1838)

 

Chapter 22

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870

The End of the Concert of Europe

Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory ■ The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs ■ Reform in Russia

War and Nation Building

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification ■ Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification ■ Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ■ Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain ■ Nation Building in North America

Nation Building through Social Order

Bringing Order to the Cities ■ Expanding Government Bureaucracy ■ Schooling and Professionalizing Society ■ Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West ■ Contesting the Nation-State’s Order at Home

The Culture of Social Order

The Arts Confront Social Reality ■ Religion and National Order ■ From the Natural Sciences to Social Science

Conclusion

Chapter 22 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale

Contrasting Views: The Nation-State in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

Terms of History: Nationalism

Environment Matters: Straightening the Rhine

 

Chapter 23

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890

The New Imperialism

The Scramble for Africa — North and South ■ Imperializing Asia ■ Japan’s Imperial Agenda ■ The Paradoxes of Imperialism

The Industry of Empire

Industrial Innovation ■ Facing Economic Crisis ■ Revolution in Business Practices

Imperial Society and Culture

The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class ■ Working People’s Strategies ■ National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure ■ Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry

The Birth of Mass Politics

Workers, Politics, and Protest ■ Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe ■ Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe

Conclusion

Chapter 23 Review

Primary Source Analysis: An African King Describes His Government

Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration

Terms of History: Home Rule

Environment Matters: Bushiri

 

Chapter 24

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914

Public Debate over Private Life

Population Pressure ■ Reforming Marriage ■ New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity ■ Sciences of the Modern Self

Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas

The Opposition to Positivism ■ The Revolution in Science ■ Modern Art ■ The Revolt in Music and Dance

Growing Tensions in Mass Politics

The Expanding Power of Labor ■ Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage ■ Liberalism Tested ■ Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics

European Imperialism Challenged

The Trials of Empire ■ The Russian Empire Threatened ■ Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination

Roads to War

Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions ■ The Race to Arms ■ 1914: War Erupts

Conclusion

Chapter 24 Review

Primary Source Analysis: "Going to Battle" (A Turkish Poem)

Contrasting Views: Debating the Revolt in Art, Ideas, and Lifestyles

Terms of History: Modern

Environment Matters: Samoed Family of Russia

 

Chapter 25

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929

The Great War, 1914–1918

Blueprints for War ■ The Battlefronts ■ The Home Front

Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918

War Protest ■ Revolution in Russia ■ Ending the War, 1918

The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution

Europe in Turmoil ■ The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920 ■ Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace

A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s

Changes in the Political Landscape ■ Reconstructing the Economy ■ Restoring Society

Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators

Culture for the Masses ■ Cultural Debates over the Future ■ The Communist Utopia ■ Fascism on the March in Italy

Conclusion

Chapter 25 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Memory and Battlefield Tourism

Contrasting Views: The Middle East at the End of World War I: Freedom or Subjugation?

Terms of History: Fascism

Environment Matters: War and East African Forests

 

Chapter 26

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945

The Great Depression

Economic Disaster Strikes ■ Social Effects of the Depression ■ The Great Depression beyond the West

Totalitarian Triumph

The Rise of Stalinism ■ Hitler’s Rise to Power ■ The Nazification of German Politics ■ Nazi Racism

Democracies on the Defensive

Confronting the Economic Crisis ■ Cultural Visions in Hard Times

The Road to Global War

A Surge in Global Imperialism ■ The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 ■ Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939

World War II, 1939–1945

The German Onslaught ■ War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond ■ The War against Civilians ■ Societies at War ■ From Resistance to Allied Victory ■ An Uneasy Postwar Settlement

Conclusion

Chapter 26 Review

Primary Source Analysis: A Family Copes with Unemployment

Contrasting Views: Nazism and Hitler: For and Against

Terms of History: Civil Disobedience

Environment Matters: Hiroshima, 1945

 

Chapter 27

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s

World Politics Transformed

Chaos in Europe ■ New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union ■ Origins of the Cold War ■ The Division of Germany

Political and Economic Recovery in Europe

Dealing with Nazism ■ Rebirth of the West ■ The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West ■ Recovery in the East

Decolonization in a Cold War Climate

The End of Empire in Asia ■ The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East ■ New Nations in Africa ■ Newcomers Arrive in Europe

Daily Life and Culture in the Shadow of Nuclear War

Restoring "Western" Values ■ Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms ■ The Culture of Cold War ■ The Atomic Brink

Conclusion

Chapter 27 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Torture in Algeria

Contrasting Views: Decolonization in Africa

Terms of History: Welfare State

Environment Matters: The Mexican Green Revolution and Its Consequences

 

Chapter 28

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989

The Revolution in Technology

The Information Age: Television and Computers ■ The Space Age ■ The Nuclear Age ■ Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology

Postindustrial Society and Culture

Multinational Corporations ■ The New Worker ■ The Boom in Education and Research ■ Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap ■ Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society

Protesting Cold War Conditions

Cracks in the Cold War Order ■ The Growth of Citizen Activism ■ 1968: Year of Crisis

The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War

A Changing Balance of World Power ■ The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform ■ Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc

Conclusion

Chapter 28 Review

Primary Source Analysis: A Citizen’s Experience of Gorbachev’s Reforms

Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates

Terms of History: Neoliberalism

Environment Matters: Cherynobyl

 

Chapter 29

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath

The Breakup of Yugoslavia ■ The Soviet Union Comes Apart ■ Toward a Market Economy

The Nation-State in a Global Age

Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State ■ Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations ■ Global Organizations

An Interconnected World’s New Challenges

The Earth and Its People Threatened ■ North versus South? ■ Radical Islam Meets the West ■ Population, Health, and Disease ■ The Promise and Problems of a World Economy ■ International Politics and the New Russia

Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century

Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration ■ Global Networks and Social Change ■ Global Culture versus Nationalist Isolationism

Conclusion

Chapter 29 Review

Primary Source Analysis: Svetlana Alexievich, Nobel Prize Lecture, December 7, 2015

Contrasting Views: The Dutch Debate Globalization, Muslim Immigrants, and Turkey’s Admission to the EU

Terms of History: Globalization

Environment Matters: The German Reichstag: Reborn and Green

 

Glossary of Key Terms G-1

Acknowledgments A-1

Index I-1

About the Authors