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Cover: Achieve for Readers and Writers (1-Term Access; Multi-Course), 3rd Edition by Bedford/St. Martin's
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About

Everyone can use help to become a better reader and writer. Regardless of where you start, Achieve for Readers and Writers helps you target the specific areas where you can improve and gives you the advice, tools, and practice you need to become a more confident and successful college reader and writer.

Digital Options

Achieve

Achieve is a single, easy-to-use platform proven to engage students for better course outcomes

Learn More

Contents

Table of Contents

OVERVIEW: READING
Introduction to the Active Reading Process (video) 

Pre-reading Strategies
Introduction to Pre-reading Strategies (new video) Skimming 
Scanning Understanding the Elements of Textbooks 
Making Connections between the Text and What You Already Know 
Making Predictions and Asking Questions 

During-reading Strategies
 
Introduction to During-reading Strategies (new video) 
Annotating a Text as You Read 
Highlighting as You Read 
Taking Notes as You Read 
Reading Visuals 

Post-reading Strategies 
Introduction to Post-reading Strategies (new video) Rereading
Outlining or Mapping after Reading
Summarizing after Reading
Paraphrasing after Reading

Using Digital Tools for Active Reading
 
Taking Advantage of Active-Reading Features 
Using AI Tools to Help You Read Actively 

Understanding Vocabulary
Introduction to Understanding Vocabulary 
Word Analysis: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes 
Using Context Clues as You Read
Expanding Your Vocabulary 

Identifying Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details
 
Introduction to Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details (video) 
Determining the Topic of a Reading 
Identifying the Main Idea (Topic Sentence) of a Paragraph 
Identifying Stated Main Ideas in Longer Readings 
Identifying Major and Minor Supporting Details (video)

Reading Interpretively and Making Inferences
 
Introduction to Reading Interpretively and Making Inferences (video) 
Making Observations about What You Read 
Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions 
Recognizing Implied Main Ideas 

Reading Critically
Introduction to Reading Critically (video)
Identifying a Writer’s Purpose
Distinguishing between Facts and Opinions
Determining an Author’s Point of View 
Interpreting Figurative Language 

Recognizing Patterns of Organization (Modes) 
Introduction to Patterns of Organization (video)
Reading Definition Paragraphs and Essays Reading 
Narration and Description Reading 
Illustration/Example Reading Process (Lists and Sequences) 
Reading Comparison and Contrast Reading Analogy
Reading Classification 
Reading Cause and Effect 
Reading Mixed Patterns 

OVERVIEW: WRITING 
Introduction to the Writing Process (new video) 

Topic, Audience, Purpose, and Genre 
Introduction to Topic, Audience, and Purpose (new video) 
Finding and Narrowing a Topic 
Determining Your Audience 
Understanding Your Purpose 
Understanding Genre

Prewriting: Generating and Organizing Ideas
 
Introduction to Prewriting Strategies (new video) 
Strategies for Generating Ideas 
Strategies for Organizing Ideas 

Writing Modes (Patterns of Organization)
 
Introduction to Modes (Patterns of Organization)
Writing Description
Writing Narration
Writing Definition Paragraphs and Essays
Writing Illustration/Example
Writing Process (Lists and Sequences) 
Writing Comparison and Contrast 
Writing Cause and Effect 
Writing Classification 
Writing Mixed Patterns 

Drafting a Thesis Statement
 
Introduction to Thesis Statements (new video) 
What Is a Working Thesis Statement? 
Revising a Thesis Statement 
Making a Thesis Statement Substantive, Grounded, and Assertive 
Strategies for Drafting a Thesis Statement 

Drafting Paragraphs and Essays
Introduction to Drafting (new video) 
Examining a Sample Student Essay 
Drafting Body Paragraphs for Essays 
Creating Unity and Coherence with Transitions 
Drafting Introductions 
Drafting Conclusions 
Drafting Titles 
Strategies for Drafting Paragraphs and Essays 

Revising
Introduction to Revising (new video) 
Revising for Purpose and Audience 
Revising for Organization 
Revising for Support 
Revising with a Rubric or with Evaluation Criteria 
Revising with Peer Feedback 
Revising with Instructor Feedback 
Strategies for Revising Paragraphs and Essays 

Editing 
Introduction to Editing (new video) 
Focusing on Common Problem Areas 
Focusing on Your Specific Needs 
Improving Each Sentence 
Editing for Style 
Editing for Proper Use of Sources 
Strategies for Editing 

Writing a Summary 
Introduction to Summarizing 
What Is Summarizing? 
Preparing to Write a Summary
Drafting Your Summary Strategies for Summarizing

Writing an Analysis
 
Introduction to Analyzing 
Asking Questions That Lead to Analysis 
Drafting Your Analysis Strategies for Analyzing 
Analyzing and Writing Arguments 

Introduction to Argument (video)
 
Analyzing Arguments Fallacies of Argument 
Developing an Argument for a Specific Purpose and Audience 
Making Arguable Claims
Providing Strong Evidence to Support a Claim Using Persuasive Appeals 
Avoiding Generalizations, Assumptions, and Bias 
Responding to Alternative Views 

OVERVIEW: RESEARCH 
Introduction to Research (new video) 

Planning a Research Project and Finding Sources
 
Defining Your Research Project
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources
Popular versus Scholarly Sources 
What Are Reference Sources? 
Older and More Current Sources Using Library Catalogs and Databases 
Using Reference Works to Find Potential Sources 
Using Bibliographies and Citations to Find Potential Sources 
Using Search Engines to Conduct Research 
Using AI Tools to Conduct Research 
Using Authoritative Online Sources Conducting Primary Research (Interviews, Surveys, Observations) 

Evaluating Sources 
Introduction to Evaluating Sources (new video)
Fact-Checking Your Sources 
Evaluating the Relevance, Usefulness, and Credibility of Sources 
Evaluating Internet Sources 
Tips for Evaluating Sources (MLA) 
Tips for Evaluating Sources (APA) 

Taking Notes That Summarize, Paraphrase, or Quote from Sources
 
Introduction to Taking Notes as You Read Sources Organizing Your Evidence 
Taking Notes That Summarize Source Material 
Taking Notes That Paraphrase Source Material 
Taking Notes That Quote Source Material 
Annotating (Informal and Formal Annotations) 

Using Research to Support Your Ideas 
Introduction to Using Research to Support Your Ideas 
Thinking Critically about Your Sources 
Using Sources for Specific Purposes 
Integrating a Summary or Main Idea from a Source into Your Writing 
Integrating a Paraphrase or Specific Idea from a Source into Your Writing
Integrating a Direct Quotation into Your Writing
Integrating Visuals and Media into Your Writing Synthesizing Sources Student Model: Research Report (MLA) 
Tips for Integrating Sources (MLA) 
Tips for Integrating Sources (APA) 

Writing Ethically and Responsibly
 
Understanding Why Writers Document Sources 
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism 
What Is Common Knowledge? 
Strategies for Acknowledging Sources (MLA) 
Strategies for Acknowledging Sources (APA) 

Documenting Sources 
Introduction to Documenting Sources 
MLA Documentation Guide 
Basic Rules of APA Documentation 

OVERVIEW: PARTS OF SPEECH
Introduction to the Parts of Speech 

What Are the Parts of Speech? 

Nouns 
Introduction to Nouns (video)
What Are Nouns? 
Making Nouns Plural 

Articles and Nouns for Multilingual Writers
 
Nouns (multilingual/ESL) 
Pronouns (multilingual/ESL) 
Articles and Other Noun Markers (multilingual/ESL)

Pronouns 
Introduction to Pronouns 
Pronoun-Antecedent 
Agreement Pronoun Case (video) 
Pronoun Reference (video) 
Using Inclusive and Non-Sexist Pronouns 

Verbs
Introduction to Verb Tense and Tense Shifting (video)
What Is the Problem with Tense Shifting? 
Strategies for Using Consistent Tense 
Introduction to the Perfect Tenses (video)
Using the Past and the Perfect Tenses 
Strategies for Using the Past and the Perfect Tenses 
Tutorial on Verb Forms 

Verbs for Multilingual Writers
Verbs (multilingual/ESL) 
Simple Tenses (multilingual/ESL) 
Progressive Tenses (multilingual/ESL) 
Perfect Tenses (multilingual/ESL) 
Conjugation of the Verb Work (multilingual/ESL) 
Use of the Passive Voice (multilingual/ESL) 
Modal Verbs (multilingual/ESL) 
Forming Verb Phrases (multilingual/ESL) 
Participles, Infinitives, and Gerunds (multilingual/ESL)

Adjectives and Adverbs
 
Introduction to Adjectives and Adverbs (video) 
What Are Adjectives? 
What Are Adverbs? 
Avoiding Errors with Adjectives and Adverbs 
Introduction to Comparatives and Superlatives (video) 
Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs 

Prepositions and Conjunctions
 
Introduction to Prepositions (video) 
Prepositions: What’s the Problem? 
Introduction to Conjunctions (video) 

Prepositions and Idiomatic Verbs for Multilingual Writers
 
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases (multilingual/ESL) 
Idiomatic Verbs (multilingual/ESL) 

OVERVIEW: SENTENCES
Introduction to Sentence Patterns (video) 

Basic Sentence Patterns 

Simple and Complete Subjects 

Sentence Structure for Multilingual Writers 
Sentence Subjects, Linking Verbs, and Word Order in Sentences (multilingual/ESL) 
Putting Adjectives in Order (multilingual/ESL) 
Using Adverbs Appropriately (multilingual/ESL) 
Sentences and Clauses (multilingual/ESL) 
Repeated Nouns and Pronouns (multilingual/ESL) 
Mood and Conditional Sentences (multilingual/ESL) 
Forming Negative Statements and Questions (multilingual/ESL) 

Subject-Verb Agreement
 
Introduction to Subject-Verb Agreement (video) 
What Is the Problem with Nearest-Noun Agreement? 
What Is the Problem with Agreement for There Is/Was?
Agreement with Compound Subjects: What’s the Problem?
Review: Making Subjects and Verbs Agree 

Fragments
 
Introduction to Fragments (video) 
Identifying Fragments 
Correcting Fragments 
Strategies for Fragments 

Run-ons 
Introduction to Run-ons (video) 
What Is the Problem with Run-ons? 
Finding and Correcting Run-ons 
Strategies for Run-ons 

Coordination and Subordination

Introduction to Coordination and Subordination (video) 
Using Coordination in Your Writing 
Strategies for Coordination 
Using Subordination in Your Writing 
Strategies for Subordination 

Parallelism
 
Introduction to Parallelism (video) 
What Is Parallel Structure? 
Finding and Correcting Parallelism Errors 
Checking for Faulty Parallelism 
Strategies for Parallelism

Modifier Placement
Introduction to Modifier Placement (video)
What Are Dangling Modifiers?
Finding and Correcting Dangling Modifiers 
Strategies for Avoiding Dangling Modifiers 
Placing Modifiers in Other Parts of Sentences 
Strategies for Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers 

Mixed and Incomplete Constructions 
Introduction to Mixed and Incomplete Constructions (video) 
What Are Mixed Constructions? 
Finding Mixed Constructions 
Correcting Mixed Constructions 
Strategies for Mixed Constructions 
What Are Incomplete Constructions? 
Correcting Incomplete Constructions 
Strategies for Avoiding Incomplete Constructions 

Active and Passive Voice
 
Introduction to Active and Passive Voice (video) 
What Is Active and Passive Voice? 
Recognizing Passive Voice 
Replacing Passive Voice with Active Voice 

OVERVIEW: STYLE AND MECHANICS 
Introduction to Style and Mechanics 

Sentence Variety 
Introduction to Sentence Variety (video)
What Is Variety? 
Adding Sentence Variety to Your Writing 
Strategies for Sentence Variety 

Language Choices 
Introduction to Language Choices 
Guidelines for Choosing Language That Fits Your Writing Situation 

Wordiness 
Introduction to Wordiness (video) 
What Is Wordiness? 
Improve Wordiness in Your Writing 
Strategies for Improving Wordiness 
Spelling What Is Spelling? 
Improve Your Spelling Strategies for Avoiding Spelling Errors 

Commonly Confused Words 
Correct Commonly Confused Words 
Strategies for Avoiding Commonly Confused Words 

Abbreviations 
What Is an Abbreviation? 
Using Abbreviations in Your Writing 
Strategies for Using Abbreviations 

Commas 
Introduction to Commas (video) 
Using Commas with And, But, Or, and Other Coordinating Conjunctions 
Strategies for Using Commas with Coordinating Conjunctions 
Commas with Introductory Elements 
Punctuating Transitional Terms Commas with Adverb Clauses 
Commas with Adjective Clauses 

Commas with Appositives 
Unnecessary Commas (video) 
Three Types of Unnecessary Commas 
Strategies for Removing Unnecessary Commas 

Semicolons and Colons 
Introduction to Semicolons and Colons (video) 
Using Semicolons Semicolon Errors 
Strategies for Using Semicolons 
Colons: What’s the Problem? 
Strategies for Using Colons 

Apostrophes 
Introduction to Apostrophes (video) 
Apostrophes That Show Possession 
Strategies for Using Apostrophes That Show Possession 
What Is a Contraction? 
Correct Use of Apostrophes in Contractions 
Strategies for Apostrophes in Contractions 
What Are Other Uses of the Apostrophe? 
Strategies for Other Uses of the Apostrophe 
Unnecessary Apostrophes 
Strategies for Avoiding Unnecessary Apostrophes 
Review: Strategies for Using Apostrophes 

Quotation Marks 
Introduction to Quotation Marks (video) 
How Are Quotation Marks Used with Direct Quotations? 
Strategies for Using Quotation Marks with Direct Quotations 
How Are Quotation Marks Used with Other Punctuation? 
Correct Use of Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation 
Strategies for Using Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation 

Capitalization 
Introduction to Capitalization (video) 
What Is Capitalization? 
Avoiding Capitalization 
Errors Strategies for Capitalization 

Italics 
What Are Italics? 
Using Italics in Your Writing 
Strategies for Using Italics 

Hyphens 
What Are Hyphens? 
Using Hyphens in Your Writing 

Acknowledgments 

Glossary

Authors

Bedford/St.Martin's

Established in 1981, Bedford/St. Martin’s is the largest college publisher of textbooks for English composition courses. They publish best-selling textbooks like A Writer’s Reference, The St. Martin’s Guide to College Writing, and Patterns for College Writing.


Confident readers and writers start here

Everyone can use help to become a better reader and writer. Regardless of where you start, Achieve for Readers and Writers helps you target the specific areas where you can improve and gives you the advice, tools, and practice you need to become a more confident and successful college reader and writer.

Achieve

Achieve is a single, easy-to-use platform proven to engage students for better course outcomes

Learn More

Table of Contents

OVERVIEW: READING
Introduction to the Active Reading Process (video) 

Pre-reading Strategies
Introduction to Pre-reading Strategies (new video) Skimming 
Scanning Understanding the Elements of Textbooks 
Making Connections between the Text and What You Already Know 
Making Predictions and Asking Questions 

During-reading Strategies
 
Introduction to During-reading Strategies (new video) 
Annotating a Text as You Read 
Highlighting as You Read 
Taking Notes as You Read 
Reading Visuals 

Post-reading Strategies 
Introduction to Post-reading Strategies (new video) Rereading
Outlining or Mapping after Reading
Summarizing after Reading
Paraphrasing after Reading

Using Digital Tools for Active Reading
 
Taking Advantage of Active-Reading Features 
Using AI Tools to Help You Read Actively 

Understanding Vocabulary
Introduction to Understanding Vocabulary 
Word Analysis: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes 
Using Context Clues as You Read
Expanding Your Vocabulary 

Identifying Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details
 
Introduction to Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details (video) 
Determining the Topic of a Reading 
Identifying the Main Idea (Topic Sentence) of a Paragraph 
Identifying Stated Main Ideas in Longer Readings 
Identifying Major and Minor Supporting Details (video)

Reading Interpretively and Making Inferences
 
Introduction to Reading Interpretively and Making Inferences (video) 
Making Observations about What You Read 
Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions 
Recognizing Implied Main Ideas 

Reading Critically
Introduction to Reading Critically (video)
Identifying a Writer’s Purpose
Distinguishing between Facts and Opinions
Determining an Author’s Point of View 
Interpreting Figurative Language 

Recognizing Patterns of Organization (Modes) 
Introduction to Patterns of Organization (video)
Reading Definition Paragraphs and Essays Reading 
Narration and Description Reading 
Illustration/Example Reading Process (Lists and Sequences) 
Reading Comparison and Contrast Reading Analogy
Reading Classification 
Reading Cause and Effect 
Reading Mixed Patterns 

OVERVIEW: WRITING 
Introduction to the Writing Process (new video) 

Topic, Audience, Purpose, and Genre 
Introduction to Topic, Audience, and Purpose (new video) 
Finding and Narrowing a Topic 
Determining Your Audience 
Understanding Your Purpose 
Understanding Genre

Prewriting: Generating and Organizing Ideas
 
Introduction to Prewriting Strategies (new video) 
Strategies for Generating Ideas 
Strategies for Organizing Ideas 

Writing Modes (Patterns of Organization)
 
Introduction to Modes (Patterns of Organization)
Writing Description
Writing Narration
Writing Definition Paragraphs and Essays
Writing Illustration/Example
Writing Process (Lists and Sequences) 
Writing Comparison and Contrast 
Writing Cause and Effect 
Writing Classification 
Writing Mixed Patterns 

Drafting a Thesis Statement
 
Introduction to Thesis Statements (new video) 
What Is a Working Thesis Statement? 
Revising a Thesis Statement 
Making a Thesis Statement Substantive, Grounded, and Assertive 
Strategies for Drafting a Thesis Statement 

Drafting Paragraphs and Essays
Introduction to Drafting (new video) 
Examining a Sample Student Essay 
Drafting Body Paragraphs for Essays 
Creating Unity and Coherence with Transitions 
Drafting Introductions 
Drafting Conclusions 
Drafting Titles 
Strategies for Drafting Paragraphs and Essays 

Revising
Introduction to Revising (new video) 
Revising for Purpose and Audience 
Revising for Organization 
Revising for Support 
Revising with a Rubric or with Evaluation Criteria 
Revising with Peer Feedback 
Revising with Instructor Feedback 
Strategies for Revising Paragraphs and Essays 

Editing 
Introduction to Editing (new video) 
Focusing on Common Problem Areas 
Focusing on Your Specific Needs 
Improving Each Sentence 
Editing for Style 
Editing for Proper Use of Sources 
Strategies for Editing 

Writing a Summary 
Introduction to Summarizing 
What Is Summarizing? 
Preparing to Write a Summary
Drafting Your Summary Strategies for Summarizing

Writing an Analysis
 
Introduction to Analyzing 
Asking Questions That Lead to Analysis 
Drafting Your Analysis Strategies for Analyzing 
Analyzing and Writing Arguments 

Introduction to Argument (video)
 
Analyzing Arguments Fallacies of Argument 
Developing an Argument for a Specific Purpose and Audience 
Making Arguable Claims
Providing Strong Evidence to Support a Claim Using Persuasive Appeals 
Avoiding Generalizations, Assumptions, and Bias 
Responding to Alternative Views 

OVERVIEW: RESEARCH 
Introduction to Research (new video) 

Planning a Research Project and Finding Sources
 
Defining Your Research Project
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources
Popular versus Scholarly Sources 
What Are Reference Sources? 
Older and More Current Sources Using Library Catalogs and Databases 
Using Reference Works to Find Potential Sources 
Using Bibliographies and Citations to Find Potential Sources 
Using Search Engines to Conduct Research 
Using AI Tools to Conduct Research 
Using Authoritative Online Sources Conducting Primary Research (Interviews, Surveys, Observations) 

Evaluating Sources 
Introduction to Evaluating Sources (new video)
Fact-Checking Your Sources 
Evaluating the Relevance, Usefulness, and Credibility of Sources 
Evaluating Internet Sources 
Tips for Evaluating Sources (MLA) 
Tips for Evaluating Sources (APA) 

Taking Notes That Summarize, Paraphrase, or Quote from Sources
 
Introduction to Taking Notes as You Read Sources Organizing Your Evidence 
Taking Notes That Summarize Source Material 
Taking Notes That Paraphrase Source Material 
Taking Notes That Quote Source Material 
Annotating (Informal and Formal Annotations) 

Using Research to Support Your Ideas 
Introduction to Using Research to Support Your Ideas 
Thinking Critically about Your Sources 
Using Sources for Specific Purposes 
Integrating a Summary or Main Idea from a Source into Your Writing 
Integrating a Paraphrase or Specific Idea from a Source into Your Writing
Integrating a Direct Quotation into Your Writing
Integrating Visuals and Media into Your Writing Synthesizing Sources Student Model: Research Report (MLA) 
Tips for Integrating Sources (MLA) 
Tips for Integrating Sources (APA) 

Writing Ethically and Responsibly
 
Understanding Why Writers Document Sources 
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism 
What Is Common Knowledge? 
Strategies for Acknowledging Sources (MLA) 
Strategies for Acknowledging Sources (APA) 

Documenting Sources 
Introduction to Documenting Sources 
MLA Documentation Guide 
Basic Rules of APA Documentation 

OVERVIEW: PARTS OF SPEECH
Introduction to the Parts of Speech 

What Are the Parts of Speech? 

Nouns 
Introduction to Nouns (video)
What Are Nouns? 
Making Nouns Plural 

Articles and Nouns for Multilingual Writers
 
Nouns (multilingual/ESL) 
Pronouns (multilingual/ESL) 
Articles and Other Noun Markers (multilingual/ESL)

Pronouns 
Introduction to Pronouns 
Pronoun-Antecedent 
Agreement Pronoun Case (video) 
Pronoun Reference (video) 
Using Inclusive and Non-Sexist Pronouns 

Verbs
Introduction to Verb Tense and Tense Shifting (video)
What Is the Problem with Tense Shifting? 
Strategies for Using Consistent Tense 
Introduction to the Perfect Tenses (video)
Using the Past and the Perfect Tenses 
Strategies for Using the Past and the Perfect Tenses 
Tutorial on Verb Forms 

Verbs for Multilingual Writers
Verbs (multilingual/ESL) 
Simple Tenses (multilingual/ESL) 
Progressive Tenses (multilingual/ESL) 
Perfect Tenses (multilingual/ESL) 
Conjugation of the Verb Work (multilingual/ESL) 
Use of the Passive Voice (multilingual/ESL) 
Modal Verbs (multilingual/ESL) 
Forming Verb Phrases (multilingual/ESL) 
Participles, Infinitives, and Gerunds (multilingual/ESL)

Adjectives and Adverbs
 
Introduction to Adjectives and Adverbs (video) 
What Are Adjectives? 
What Are Adverbs? 
Avoiding Errors with Adjectives and Adverbs 
Introduction to Comparatives and Superlatives (video) 
Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs 

Prepositions and Conjunctions
 
Introduction to Prepositions (video) 
Prepositions: What’s the Problem? 
Introduction to Conjunctions (video) 

Prepositions and Idiomatic Verbs for Multilingual Writers
 
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases (multilingual/ESL) 
Idiomatic Verbs (multilingual/ESL) 

OVERVIEW: SENTENCES
Introduction to Sentence Patterns (video) 

Basic Sentence Patterns 

Simple and Complete Subjects 

Sentence Structure for Multilingual Writers 
Sentence Subjects, Linking Verbs, and Word Order in Sentences (multilingual/ESL) 
Putting Adjectives in Order (multilingual/ESL) 
Using Adverbs Appropriately (multilingual/ESL) 
Sentences and Clauses (multilingual/ESL) 
Repeated Nouns and Pronouns (multilingual/ESL) 
Mood and Conditional Sentences (multilingual/ESL) 
Forming Negative Statements and Questions (multilingual/ESL) 

Subject-Verb Agreement
 
Introduction to Subject-Verb Agreement (video) 
What Is the Problem with Nearest-Noun Agreement? 
What Is the Problem with Agreement for There Is/Was?
Agreement with Compound Subjects: What’s the Problem?
Review: Making Subjects and Verbs Agree 

Fragments
 
Introduction to Fragments (video) 
Identifying Fragments 
Correcting Fragments 
Strategies for Fragments 

Run-ons 
Introduction to Run-ons (video) 
What Is the Problem with Run-ons? 
Finding and Correcting Run-ons 
Strategies for Run-ons 

Coordination and Subordination

Introduction to Coordination and Subordination (video) 
Using Coordination in Your Writing 
Strategies for Coordination 
Using Subordination in Your Writing 
Strategies for Subordination 

Parallelism
 
Introduction to Parallelism (video) 
What Is Parallel Structure? 
Finding and Correcting Parallelism Errors 
Checking for Faulty Parallelism 
Strategies for Parallelism

Modifier Placement
Introduction to Modifier Placement (video)
What Are Dangling Modifiers?
Finding and Correcting Dangling Modifiers 
Strategies for Avoiding Dangling Modifiers 
Placing Modifiers in Other Parts of Sentences 
Strategies for Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers 

Mixed and Incomplete Constructions 
Introduction to Mixed and Incomplete Constructions (video) 
What Are Mixed Constructions? 
Finding Mixed Constructions 
Correcting Mixed Constructions 
Strategies for Mixed Constructions 
What Are Incomplete Constructions? 
Correcting Incomplete Constructions 
Strategies for Avoiding Incomplete Constructions 

Active and Passive Voice
 
Introduction to Active and Passive Voice (video) 
What Is Active and Passive Voice? 
Recognizing Passive Voice 
Replacing Passive Voice with Active Voice 

OVERVIEW: STYLE AND MECHANICS 
Introduction to Style and Mechanics 

Sentence Variety 
Introduction to Sentence Variety (video)
What Is Variety? 
Adding Sentence Variety to Your Writing 
Strategies for Sentence Variety 

Language Choices 
Introduction to Language Choices 
Guidelines for Choosing Language That Fits Your Writing Situation 

Wordiness 
Introduction to Wordiness (video) 
What Is Wordiness? 
Improve Wordiness in Your Writing 
Strategies for Improving Wordiness 
Spelling What Is Spelling? 
Improve Your Spelling Strategies for Avoiding Spelling Errors 

Commonly Confused Words 
Correct Commonly Confused Words 
Strategies for Avoiding Commonly Confused Words 

Abbreviations 
What Is an Abbreviation? 
Using Abbreviations in Your Writing 
Strategies for Using Abbreviations 

Commas 
Introduction to Commas (video) 
Using Commas with And, But, Or, and Other Coordinating Conjunctions 
Strategies for Using Commas with Coordinating Conjunctions 
Commas with Introductory Elements 
Punctuating Transitional Terms Commas with Adverb Clauses 
Commas with Adjective Clauses 

Commas with Appositives 
Unnecessary Commas (video) 
Three Types of Unnecessary Commas 
Strategies for Removing Unnecessary Commas 

Semicolons and Colons 
Introduction to Semicolons and Colons (video) 
Using Semicolons Semicolon Errors 
Strategies for Using Semicolons 
Colons: What’s the Problem? 
Strategies for Using Colons 

Apostrophes 
Introduction to Apostrophes (video) 
Apostrophes That Show Possession 
Strategies for Using Apostrophes That Show Possession 
What Is a Contraction? 
Correct Use of Apostrophes in Contractions 
Strategies for Apostrophes in Contractions 
What Are Other Uses of the Apostrophe? 
Strategies for Other Uses of the Apostrophe 
Unnecessary Apostrophes 
Strategies for Avoiding Unnecessary Apostrophes 
Review: Strategies for Using Apostrophes 

Quotation Marks 
Introduction to Quotation Marks (video) 
How Are Quotation Marks Used with Direct Quotations? 
Strategies for Using Quotation Marks with Direct Quotations 
How Are Quotation Marks Used with Other Punctuation? 
Correct Use of Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation 
Strategies for Using Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation 

Capitalization 
Introduction to Capitalization (video) 
What Is Capitalization? 
Avoiding Capitalization 
Errors Strategies for Capitalization 

Italics 
What Are Italics? 
Using Italics in Your Writing 
Strategies for Using Italics 

Hyphens 
What Are Hyphens? 
Using Hyphens in Your Writing 

Acknowledgments 

Glossary
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Bedford/St.Martin's

Established in 1981, Bedford/St. Martin’s is the largest college publisher of textbooks for English composition courses. They publish best-selling textbooks like A Writer’s Reference, The St. Martin’s Guide to College Writing, and Patterns for College Writing.


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