Through Women's Eyes, Volume 2

Preface for Instructors

Contents

Special Features

Introduction for Students

Chapter 6: Reconstructing Women’s Lives North and South, 1865–1900

Gender and the Postwar Constitutional Amendments

Constitutionalizing Women’s Rights

A New Departure for Woman Suffrage

Women’s Lives in Southern Reconstruction and Redemption

Black Women in the New South

White Women in the New South

Racial Conflict in Slavery’s Aftermath

Reading into the Past: Mary Tape, What Right Have You? (1855)

Female Wage Labor and the Triumph of Industrial Capitalism

Women’s Occupations after the Civil War

Who Were the Women Wage Earners?

Responses to Working Women

Class Conflict and Labor Organization

Reading into the Past: Leonora Barry, Women in the Knights of Labor

Women of the Leisured Classes

New Sources of Wealth and Leisure

The "Woman’s Era"

The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

Consolidating the Gilded Age Women’s Movement

Looking to the Future

Reading into the Past: Harriot Stanton Blatch, Voluntary Motherhood

Conclusion: Toward a New Womanhood

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Ida B. Wells, "Race Woman"

Ida B. Wells with the Family of Thomas Moore (1892)

Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (1970)

PRIMARY SOURCES: The Woman Who Toils

Mrs. John (Bessie) Van Vorst and Marie Van Vorst, The Woman Who Toils: Being the Experiences of Two Ladies as Factory Girls (1903)

PRIMARY SOURCES: The Higher Education of Women in the Postbellum Years

Women Students Modeling Senior Plugs, University of California (c. 1900)

Class in Zoology, Wellesley College (1883–1884)

Basketball Team, Wells College (1904)

Class in American History, Hampton Institute (1899–1900)

Science Class, Washington, D.C., Normal College (1899)

Graduating Class, Medical College of Syracuse University (1876)

PRIMARY SOURCES: The New Woman

What We Are Coming To (1898)

In a Twentieth Century Club (1895)

Picturesque America (1900)

The Scorcher (1897)

Nellie Bly, on the Fly (1890)

Women Bachelors in New York (1896)

Notes

Suggested References

Chapter 7: Women in an Expanding Nation: Consolidation of the West, Mass Immigration, and the Crisis of the 1890s

Consolidating the West

Native Women in the West

Colonial Settler Families in the West

The "Wild West"

Late Nineteenth-Century Immigration

The Decision to Immigrate

The Immigrant’s Journey

Reception of the Immigrants

Immigrant Daughters

Immigrant Wives and Mothers

Reading into the Past: Emma Goldman, Living My Life

Century’s End: Challenges, Conflict, and Imperial Ventures

Rural Protest, Populism, and the Battle for Woman Suffrage

Class Conflict and the Pullman Strike of 1894

The Settlement House Movement

Epilogue to the Crisis: The Spanish-American War of 1898

Reading into the Past: Clemencia Lopez, Women of the Philippines

Conclusion: Nationhood and Womanhood on the Eve of a New Century

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Representing Native American Women in the Late Nineteenth Century

Indian Sledge Journey (1875)

Hopi Potter Nampeyo (1900)

Pueblo Women Greet Tourists (1902)

Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (1898)

Angel DeCora, Grey Wolf’s Daughter (1899)

Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, Life Among the Piutes (1883)

Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, From Silver Slate (July 9, 1886)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House

Twenty Years at Hull House (1910)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Jacob Riis’s Photographs of Immigrant Girls and Women

In the Home of an Italian Ragpicker: Jersey Street

Knee Pants at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen — A Ludlow Street Sweater’s Shop

Police Station Lodgers: Women’s Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station

"I Scrubs": Katie Who Keeps House on West 49th Street

Notes

Suggested References

Chapter 8: Power and Politics: Women in the Progressive Era, 1900–1920

The Female Labor Force

Continuity and Change for Women Wage Earners

Organizing Women Workers: The Women’s Trade Union League

The Rising of the Women

The Female Dominion

Public Housekeeping

Maternalist Triumphs: Protective Labor Legislation and Mothers’ Pensions

Maternalist Defeat: The Struggle to Ban Child Labor

Progressive Women and Political Parties

Outside the Dominion: Progressivism and Race

Votes for Women

A New Generation for Suffrage

Diversity in the Woman Suffrage Movement

Returning to the Constitution: The National Suffrage Movement

The Emergence of Feminism

The Feminist Program

The Birth Control Movement

Reading into the Past: Margaret Sanger, Woman and Birth Control

The Great War, 1914–1918

Pacifist and Antiwar Women

Preparedness and Patriotism

The Great Migration

Winning Woman Suffrage

Reading into the Past: African American Women Write about the Great Migration

Conclusion: New Conditions, New Challenges

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Black Women and Progressive-Era Reform

Lugenia Burns Hope, The Neighborhood Union: Atlanta Georgia (c. 1908)

Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The East St. Louis Massacre: The Greatest Outrage of the Century (1917)

City Colored Women’s Clubs of Augusta, Georgia, Resolution on Lynching (1918)

Nannie Burroughs, Black Women and the Suffrage (1915)

Mary Church Terrell, A Colored Woman in a White World (1940)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Parades, Picketing, and Power: Women in Public Space

"Girl Strikers," New York Evening Journal (November 10, 1909)

Members of the Rochester, New York, Branch of the Garment Workers Union (1913)

Suffragists Marching down Fifth Avenue, New York City (1913)

Suffrage Parade down Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. (March 1913)

National Woman’s Party Picketers at the White House (1917)

Protest against the East St. Louis Riots, New York City (1917)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Uncle Sam Wants You: Women and World War I Posters

"Let’s End It — Quick with Liberty Bonds"

"It’s Up to You. Protect the Nation’s Honor. Enlist Now."

"Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man. I’d Join the Navy."

"The Woman’s Land Army of America Training School"

"For Every Fighter a Woman Worker. Y.W.C.A."

PRIMARY SOURCES: Modernizing Womanhood

Edna Kenton Says Feminism Will Give Men More Fun, Women Greater Scope, Children Better Parents, Life More Charm (1914)

Inez Milholland, The Changing Home (1913)

Crystal Eastman, Birth Control in the Feminism Program (1918)

Notes

Suggested References

Chapter 9: Change and Continuity: Women in Prosperity, Depression, and War, 1920–1945

Prosperity Decade: The 1920s

The New Woman in Politics

Women at Work

The New Woman in the Home

Depression Decade: The 1930s

At Home in Hard Times

Women and Work

Women’s New Deal

Reading into the Past: Mary McLeod Bethune, Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1940)

Reading into the Past: Genora Johnson Dollinger Recalls the Flint Strike 1936–37 General Motors Sit-down Strike (1937)

Working for Victory: Women and War, 1941–1945

Women in the Military

Working Women in Wartime

War and Everyday Life

Conclusion: The New Woman in Ideal and Reality

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Lobbying in the 1920s

The Anti-Lynching Crusaders (1922)

"One Million Women are Working Like Trojans to Stop Lynching in the U.S.A." (1922)

The Shame of America (1922)

"American Women Urged to Vote for State Protection of Motherhood" (1920)

The Spider Web Chart (1920s)

"Women Patriots Protest the Sheppard-Towner Act" (1926)

"Organized Manufacturers vs. Organized Women" (1925)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Beauty Culture between the Wars

"Can you tell us her name?" (1926)

"Irresistible" (1938)

"You Were Never Lovelier" (1942)

"Glorifying Our Womanhood" (1925)

"Queen of Blues Singers" (1923)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Dorothea Lange Photographs Farm Women of the Great Depression

Migrant Mother #1 (1936)

Migrant Mother #3 (1936)

Migrant Mother #5 (1936)

Unemployed lumber worker goes with his wife to the bean harvest (1939)

"You don’t have to worriate so much and you’ve got time to raise sompin’ to eat" (1938)

Cotton Weighing near Brownsville, Texas (1936)

Sign of the Times — Depression — Mended Stockings, Stenographer (1934)

Feet of Negro Cotton Hoer near Clarksdale, Mississippi (1937)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Voices of "Rosie the Riveter"

"The more women at work the sooner we win!" (1943)

Hortense Johnson, What My Job Means to Me (1943)

Beatrice Morales, Oral Interview (1981)

Sylvia R. Weissbordt, U.S. Women’s Bureau, Women Workers and Their Postwar Employment Plans (1946)

Notes

Suggested References

Chapter 10: Beyond the Feminine Mystique: Women’s Lives, 1945–1965

Family Culture and Gender Roles

The New Affluence and the Family

The Cold War and the Family

Rethinking the Feminine Mystique

Women and Work

Women’s Activism in Conservative Times

Working-Class Women and Unions

Middle-Class Women and Voluntary Associations

A Mass Movement for Civil Rights

Challenging Segregation

Women as "Bridge Leaders"

Voter Registration and Freedom Summer

Sexism in the Movement

A Widening Circle of Civil Rights Activists

Reading into the Past: Casey Hayden and Mary King, Women in the Movement

Women and Public Policy

The Continuing Battle over the ERA

A Turning Point: The President’s Commission on the Status of Women

Reading into the Past: Esther Peterson on The President’s Commission on the Status of Women (1977)

Conclusion: The Limits of the Feminine Mystique

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Television’s Prescriptions for Women

Advertisement for Motorola Television (1951)

Advertisement for RCA Victor Television (1953)

Advertisement for General Electric Television (1955)

Ladies’ Home Journal Advertisement for NBC (1955)

Advertisement for Betty Crocker (1957)

Scene from Beulah

Scene from Amos ’n’ Andy

Scene from The Goldbergs

Scene from The Honeymooners

Scenes from I Love Lucy

Scene from Father Knows Best

PRIMARY SOURCES: "Is a Working Mother a Threat to the Home?"

Should Mothers of Young Children Work? (1958)

PRIMARY SOURCES: Women in the Civil Rights Movement

Rose Parks at a Desegregation Workshop (1955)

Elizabeth Eckford attends Little Rock High School (1957)

Diane Nash on the Lunch Counter Sit-ins of 1960

Vivian Leburg Rothstein on Freedom Summer (1999)

Mary Dora Jones on Freedom Summer (1977)

Earline Boyd on Freedom Summer (1991)

Notes

Suggested References

Chapter 11: Modern Feminism and American Society, 1965–1980

Roots of Sixties Feminism

The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement

NOW and Liberal Feminism

Reading into the Past: National Organization for Women, Women’s Bill of Rights

Women’s Liberation and the Sixties Revolutions

Sexual Revolution and Counterculture

Black Power and SNCC

The War in Vietnam and SDS

Ideas and Practices of Women’s Liberation

Consciousness-Raising

Lesbianism and Sexual Politics

Radical Feminist Theory

Diversity, Race, and Feminism

African American Women

Latina Activism

Asian American Women

Native American Women

Women of Color

Reading into the Past: Jean Horan on Forced Sterilization of Poor Women (1977)

The Impact of Feminism

Challenging Discrimination in the Workplace

Equality in Education

Women’s Autonomy over Their Bodies

Changing Public Policy and Public Consciousness

Women in Party Politics

The Reemergence of the ERA

Feminism Enters the Mainstream

Conclusion: Feminism’s Legacy

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Feminism and the Drive for Equality in the Workplace

Flight Attendants Protest Discriminatory Practices (1974)

AT&T Advertises for Telephone Operators

AT&T Promotes Women Installers

Women in the Coal Mines

New York City Firefighters

The Willmar Eight

Rabbi Sally Preisand

"Hire him. He’s got great legs."

"This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female."

"When I grow up, I’m going to be a judge, or a senator or maybe president."

PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Liberation

Jo Freeman, What in the Hell Is Women’s Liberation Anyway? (1968)

Third World Women’s Alliance, Statement (1971)

Mirta Vidal, New Voice of La Raza: Chicanas Speak Out (1971)

Bread and Roses, Outreach Leaflet (1970)

Dana Densmore, Who Is Saying Men Are the Enemy? (1970)

Radicalesbians, The Woman Identified Woman (1970)

Anne Koedt, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm (1970)

Pat Mainardi, The Politics of Housework (1970)

Notes

Suggested References

Chapter 12: U.S. Women in a Global Age, 1980–Present

Feminism and the New Right

The STOP-ERA Campaign

The Abortion Wars

Antifeminism Diffuses through the Culture

Reading into the Past: Phyllis Schlafly, What’s Wrong with "Equal Rights" for Women?

Feminism after the Second Wave

Third-Wave Feminism

Women Stand Up to Violence

Ecofeminism

Peace Activism

Reading into the Past: LaDonna Brave Bull Allard on Standing Rock

Women and Politics

The 1980s: Carter and Reagan

Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas

The Clinton Years

George W. Bush

The Election of 2008: A Historic Presidential Choice

The Obama Years

The Long War on Terror

The Election of 2016

Reading into the Past: Ihan Omar, First Muslim Somali-American Lawmaker (2016)

Women’s Lives in Modern America and the World

Inequalities — Old and New — in the Labor Force

Combating Discrimination

Changes in Family and Sexuality

Changing Marriage Patterns

Parenting

Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights

Women and the New Immigration

Conclusion: Women in the Twenty-First Century

Chapter Review

PRIMARY SOURCES: Gender and the Military

"We don’t promise you a rose garden either" (1999)

Shirley Sagawa and Nancy Duff Campbell, Women in Combat (1992)

Kristin Beck (2013)

Inspector General, Department of Defense, Tailhook ’91 (1992)

Tracy Moore, Review of Hero Mom (2013)

Major Margaret Witt Gets Married (2012)

Notes

Suggested References

Index