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The American Promise, Value Edition, Volume 2
Ninth Edition©2023 James L. Roark; Michael Johnson; Francois Furstenberg; Sarah Stage; Sarah Igo
ISBN:9781319486631
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Learn MoreTable of Contents
The Combined version contains Chapters 1-31. Volume 1 contains Chapters 1-16. Volume 2 contains Chapters 16-31.
Chapter 16, Reconstruction
An American Story: James T. Rapier emerges in the early 1870s as Alabamaβs most prominent Black leader
How did competing plans for wartime reconstruction differ?
γγγγγγγγ Why did Congress object to Lincolnβs plan "to bind up the nationβs wounds"? γ
γγγγγγγγ How did land and labor systems change? γ
γγγγγγγγ What did former slaves want from freedom? γ γ γ γ
What did early reconstruction reveal about the Northβs and Southβs intentions? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What was Johnsonβs program of reconciliation?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did white southerners react to Johnsonβs reconciliation efforts?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Republicans respond to the Southβs black codes?γγ
How radical was congressional reconstruction?
γγγγγγγγ What did Republicans hope to achieve with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment?
γγγγγγγγ Why did Congress pass the Military Reconstruction Act?
γγγγγγγγ Why was President Johnson impeached? γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did the Fifteenth Amendment snub women?
How successful were the Southβs Republican governments? γ
γγγγγγγγ Who were the southern Republicans? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did plantations and labor systems change?γ γ
Why did Reconstruction collapse?γ γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What struggles did Grantβs troubled presidency face?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did northern resolve wither?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did white supremacy triumph in the South?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the election of 1876 end in compromise?
Conclusion: Was Reconstruction "a revolution but half accomplished"?γγγγγγ
Chapter Review γ γ
γ
Chapter 17, The Contested West, 1865-1900
An American Story: Frederick Jackson Turner delivers his "frontier thesis"
What did U.S. expansion mean for Native Americans?
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. government remove Native Americans from their land and establish the reservation system?
γγγγγγγγ What led to the decimation of the great bison herds?γγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What led to the collapse of ComancherΓa?
γγγγγγγγ How did the Sioux fight to keep the Black Hills?γ
In what ways did different Native American groups defy and resist colonial rule?γ
γγγγγγγγ How were Indian Schools used to wage war on Native American culture?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Dawes Allotment Act mark a new departure in Indian policy? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Native Americans resist and survive white encroachment?γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ
How did mining shape American expansion?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What was life like on the Comstock Lode?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What groups fought for the West?γ
How did the fight for land and resources in the West unfold?
γγγγγγγγ What role did homesteaders and speculators play in the development of the West?γγγ
γγγγγγγγ What was life like for those who did not own land β tenants, sharecroppers, and migrants?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did commercial farming give rise to industrial cowboys?γγγγγ
Conclusion: How did the West set the tone for the Gilded Age?γγγγγγγγγ
Chapter Reviewγ
Chapter 18, The Gilded Ageγ γ γ γ
An American Story: The Big Four make millions building the transcontinental railroad
How did the railroads stimulate big business?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the railroads become Americaβs first big business? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Andrew Carnegie pioneer vertical integration in steel?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What means did John D. Rockefeller use to create the Standard Oil Trust?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did new inventions like the telephone and electricity transform American life?γγ
Why did the ideas of social Darwinism appeal to wealthy Americans?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did J.P. Morgan come to dominate finance capitalism?γγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What was the relationship between the theories of social Darwinism and laissez-faire? γ
What factors influenced political life in the late nineteenth century?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why was party loyalty so important to Americaβs voters?
γγγγγγγγ What role did sectionalism and the New South play in national politics?
γγγγγγγγ How did gender and race influence politics?γ
γγγγγγγγ How were women active in politics before they got the vote?γγγγγγ
What issues shaped party politics in the late nineteenth century?γγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did corruption and party strife come to dominate American politics?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did Garfieldβs assassination lead to civil service reform?γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What role did reform and scandal play in the presidential campaign of 1884? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Henry George use the issue of inequality to campaign for mayor of New York?γ
What role did economic issues play in party realignment?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why was the tariff such a potent political issue in the 1880s and 1890s?
γγγγγγγγ How did the federal government regulate trusts and railroads?γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What was the fight for free silver about? γ
Conclusion: How did business dominate the Gilded Age? γ γ γ
Chapter Reviewγ γ
Chapter 19, The City and Its Workers γ
An American Story: Workers build the Brooklyn Bridgeγ
Why did American cities experience explosive growth in the late nineteenth century?
γγγγγγγγ How did the urban explosion in the United States reflect a global migration?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did racism lead to the cry for immigration restriction?γγγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the city magnify extremes of wealth and poverty?γ
What kinds of work did people do in industrial America?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Who were Americaβs diverse workers?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What role did women and children play in the family economy?γ
γγγγγγγγ Who were the white-collar workers?γ
Why did labor unions arise in the late 1870s and 1880s? γ
γγγγγγγγ What led to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and what were its results?
γγγγγγγγ What were the philosophical and strategic differences between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the Haymarket bombing and what were its long term effects?
How did urban industrialism shape home life and the world of leisure?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What role did domesticity play in American culture of the nineteenth century? γ
γγγγγγγγ What were the cheap amusements of working-class Americans?γγ
How did municipal governments respond to the challenges of urban expansion?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the landscape of American cities change?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did American cities suffer from "boss rule"?
γγγγγγγγ How did New York demonstrate the consolidation of the capitalist class?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How was Chicago perceived as both the white city and city of sin?γ
Conclusion: Who built the cities?
Chapter Reviewγ γ
γ
Chapter 20, Dissent, Depression, and War
An American Story: Frances Willard participates in the creation of the Populist Party in 1892 γ
Why did American farmers organize alliances in the late nineteenth century?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Farmersβ Alliance aim to protect family farmers?γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Farmers Alliance become the Populist Party?γγ
What led to the labor wars in the 1890s?γ
γγγγγγγγ What precipitated the Homestead lockout and subsequent strike?
γγγγγγγγ What led to the Cripple Creek minersβ strike of 1894 and why did it succeed?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Eugene V. Debs lead the Pullman strike?
How were women involved in late-nineteenth-century politics?γγγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What were the goals of the Womanβs Christian Temperance Union? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony organize the movement for woman suffrage?γ γ γ γ
How did economic depression affect American politics in the 1890s?
γγγγγγγγ What was "Coxeyβs Army"?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why is the election of 1896 considered one of the most important elections in U.S. history? γ γ
Why did the United States largely abandon its isolationist foreign policy in the 1890s?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did both markets and missionaries promote U.S. expansion?
γγγγγγγγ How did the Monroe Doctrine and the Open Door Policy forge American foreign policy at the turn of the 20th century? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why was the Spanish-American war called "a splendid little war"? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the debate over American imperialism following the war? γ γ γ
Conclusion: How did domestic strife influence foreign policy?γγ
Chapter Reviewγ γ
γ
Chapter 21, Progressive Reform
An American Story: Jane Addams founds Hull Houseγ γ γ
How did grassroots progressives attack the problems of urban industrial America?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did reformers work to "civilize the city"? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did middle class progressives ally with the working class?γγγ
What were the key tenets of progressive theory?γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the theory of reform Darwinism?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What did progressive city and state government look like?γγ
How did Theodore Roosevelt advance the progressive agenda?
γγγγγγγγ What was Rooseveltβs Square Deal?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How effective was Roosevelt as a reformer? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Roosevelt champion conservation? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Roosevelt describe his foreign policy with the phrase "Speak Softly but Carry a Big Stick"?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did William Howard Taft have such a troubled presidency?
How did progressivism evolve during Woodrow Wilsonβs first term?
γγγγγγγγ How could all four presidential candidates in 1912 claim to be Progressives?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Wilson focus his progressive reforms on the tariffs, banking, and trusts?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why has Wilson been called a reluctant progressive?γγγγγγγγ
What were the limits of progressive reform?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were some radical alternatives to progressive reform?γγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ Why was progressivism for white men only?γ γ γ γ
Conclusion: How did the Progressive Era give rise to the liberal state?γγγγγγγγγ
Chapter 21 Review γ γ
γ
Chapter 22, World War I: The Progressive Crusade γ
An American Story: Doughboy George "Brownie" Browne sees combat on the front lines in Franceγ γ γ γ γ γ
What was Woodrow Wilsonβs foreign policy agenda?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Wilson seek to tame the Americas? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Europe descend into war?
γγγγγγγγ What was Wilsonβs policy of neutrality? γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the United States enter the war?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the United States build an army?
γγγγγγγγ What did Americans experience in France?γγ
What impact did the war have on the home front?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What did progressive want from the war?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the war aid the advance of women? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What happened to dissent in wartime? γ γ γ
How did Woodrow Wilson win the war but lose the peace?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were Wilsonβs Fourteen Points? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What part did Wilson play at the Paris peace conference?
γγγγγγγγ What were the sides in the fight for the treaty?γ γ γ
Why was Americaβs transition from war to peace so turbulent?γγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did labor fare after the war? γ
γγγγγγγγ What factors led to the Red scare?
γγγγγγγγ What stimulated the Great Migration of Black people and Mexicans?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What did the election of 1920 signal?γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ
Conclusion: Victory, but at what cost? γ
Chapter Reviewγ
γ
Chapter 23, From New Era to Great Depression
An American Story: Henry Ford puts America on wheels
How did big business shape the "New Era" of the 1920s?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What did it mean that the U.S. had a business government?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the government promote prosperity and peace abroad?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the automobile shape the American economy?γγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did consumer culture take root in American life? γ γ
In what ways did the Roaring Twenties challenge traditional values?γγ
γγγγγγγγγγγγγγHow successful was the experiment of prohibition?γ γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did womenβs roles change in the 1920s? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Negro expand Black cultural life? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What explains the rise of popular culture?
γγγγγγγγ Why did the Lost Generation find a home abroad?
Why did the relationship between urban and rural America deteriorate in the 1920s?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What were the consequences of the rising anti-foreigner sentiment?γ γ γ γ γγγ
γγγγγγγγ How was the Ku Klux Klan reborn?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Scopes trial reflect the divide between urban and rural America?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the election of 1928 reflect Republican strength?γ
How did President Hoover respond to the economic crash of 1929?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What reputation did Herbert Hoover bring to the presidency?γγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What factors distorted the U.S. economy?
γγγγγγγγ What caused the crash of 1929? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Hoover respond to the economic crisis?γ
What impact did the economic depression have on everyday life?γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What was the human toll of the Great Depression?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did Americans try to escape the realities of the Great Depression?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the working class rise up?
Conclusion: Why did the hope of the 1920s turn to despair? γ
Chapter Review γ γ
γ
Chapter 24, The New Deal Experimentγ
An American Story: "Migrant Mother" Florence Owens struggles to survive in the Great Depression
Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president in 1932? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Rooseveltβs background shape his political ideas?γ
γγγγγγγγ What contributed to FDRβs victory in the 1932 election?γγ
What were the goals and achievements of the first New Deal?
γγγγγγγγ Who were the New Dealers?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Deal reform banking and finance?γγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Deal conserve natural resources?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Deal address agricultural problems?γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Deal try to stimulate industrial recovery?
Who opposed the New Deal? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did business leaders oppose New Deal policies? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did New Deal agricultural policies fail to help many rural people?γ
γγγγγγγγ What political challenges confronted New Deal policies?γ
Why did the New Deal begin to create a welfare state?
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Deal create jobs?γγ
γγγγγγγγγγγγγγHow did the New Deal support workers? γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did the New Deal create Social Security and increase taxes on wealth? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What Americans did the New Deal neglect?γγ
Why did the New Deal lose support during Rooseveltβs second term as president?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the election of 1936 influence Rooseveltβs political outlook?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Roosevelt try to pack the Supreme Court?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did politics and a new economic slump slow New Deal reforms?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What reforms were enacted while the New Deal lost steam?γγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγ
Conclusion: What were the achievements and limitations of the New Deal?
Chapter Review γ γ
γ
Chapter 25, The United States and the Second World Warγ γ
An American Story: Colonel Paul Tibbets drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
How did isolationism shape American foreign policy in the 1930s?γγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the depression influence U.S. isolationism?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Roosevelt support the good neighbor policy?γγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did isolationism influence American foreign policy?
How did war in Europe and Asia influence U.S. foreign policy?γγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did Nazi aggression start war in Europe?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did America become the arsenal of democracy?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?γ
How did the United States mobilize for war?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did the wartime emergency lead to internment of Japanese Americans?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. build a citizen army?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. convert to a war economy?γ γ γ γ
How did the Allies reverse Axis advances in Europe and the Pacific?
γγγγγγγγ What turned the tide in the Pacific?
γγγγγγγγ How did the Allies counterattack against Nazi advances in Europe and Africa?γ
How did war change the American home front?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did American women and families contribute to the war effort?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did Black activists support the Double V campaign?
γγγγγγγγ How did the war influence the 1944 presidential election?
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. respond to the Holocaust?γ
How did the Allies win the war?
γγγγγγγγ How did the Alliesβ European campaign defeat Nazi Germany?γγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Allies defeat Japan? γ
Conclusion: Why did the United States emerge as a superpower at the end of the war? γ γ
Chapter Reviewγ γ
γ
Chapter 26, The New World of the Cold War γ
An American Story: Helen Gahagan Douglas, congresswoman and loyal Truman ally, supports the Marshall Plan, the creation of NATO, and the war in Korea
How did the Cold War begin? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did U.S.-Soviet tensions emerge after World War II?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan reflect new U.S. priorities?
γγγγγγγγ What were the elements of the national security state?γγγγγ
In what ways did anticommunism shape U.S. politics and policy?γγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did superpower rivalry play out across the globe?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What contributed to the rise of McCarthyism? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were the effects of the anti-communist crusade at home?γ γ
Why did the United States go to war in Korea?
γγγγγγγγ How did containment lead to military intervention?γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the warβs impact on domestic politics?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Korean War shape U.S. defense policy?γ γ γ γ
How did the U.S. approach to the superpower struggle evolve in the 1950s?
γγγγγγγγ What was the "New Look" in foreign policy?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why and how did the U.S. apply containment in Vietnam?γ
γγγγγγγγ What prompted U.S. interventions in Latin America and the Middle East?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did the U.S. and Soviet Union engage in a nuclear arms race? γ γ γ γ
Conclusion: What were the costs and consequences of the Cold War?γ
Chapter Review
γ
Chapter 27, Postwar Culture and Politicsγ
An American Story: Vice President Richard Nixon debates Russian premier Nikita Khrushchevγγ
Why did domestic reform wane after World War II?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. reconvert to a peacetime economy?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What was the Fair Deal and why did it falter? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the New Deal fare under Eisenhower?γ γ
What fueled postwar prosperity?
γγγγγγγγ How did technology transform agriculture and industry?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What led Americans to move to the suburbs?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did the postwar Sun Belt grow so quickly? γ
γγγγγγγγ What role did higher education play in economic expansion?γγγγγγγ
How did the economic boom affect American society?
γγγγγγγγ What characterized American consumer culture?γ
γγγγγγγγ What explains the postwar revival of domesticity and religion?γγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did television transform culture and politics?
γγγγγγγγ Who were the critics of the affluent society? γ γ γ γ
Why did civil rights struggles erupt in the 1950s?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the state of race relations and civil rights in the postwar period?
γγγγγγγγ How did Black activists challenge the Supreme Court and the president?
γγγγγγγγ What led to the Montgomery mass protest?γγ
Conclusion: What challenges did prosperity mask? γ γ
Chapter Reviewγ
Chapter 28, Rights, Rebellion, and Reaction γ γ
An American Story: African American lawyer and activist Pauli Murray breaks barriers to fight for civil rights γ γ γ γ γ
How did Kennedy and Johnson expand the role of government?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What were JFKβs foreign and domestic priorities?
γγγγγγγγ How did LBJ wage the War on Poverty? γ
γγγγγγγγ What were the aims of the Great Society?
γγγγγγγγ What were the legacies of the Great Society?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the courts revolutionize rights?γ γ
How did the Black freedom movement evolve?
γγγγγγγγ What strategies did civil rights activists adopt in the 1960s?γγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the federal government respond to calls for racial justice?
γγγγγγγγ What were the roots of Black power and urban rebellions?γγ
Why did so many social movements emerge in the 1960s?γ γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What were the goals of Red Power?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Chicano movement mobilize?
γγγγγγγγ Why did young people join the New Left and counterculture?γγγ
γγγγγγγγ What and how did gay men and lesbians protest?γ
γγγγγγγγ What explains the rise of a new environmentalism?γγ
What sparked a new wave of feminism?
γγγγγγγγ What were the causes of feminists protest?
γγγγγγγγ How did radical feminism depart from earlier womenβs movements?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What opposition did feminists encounter?
Why and where did the conservative movement gain ground?γγ
γγγγγγγγ Who joined the grassroots right?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What did the 1968 election mean for liberal reforms?γγγγγγγ
Conclusion: What were the lasting effects of sixties-era liberalism?γγγ
Chapter Reviewγ
Chapter 29, Confronting Limits at Home and Abroad γ γ γ γ
An American Story: Lieutenant Frederick Downs Jr. is wounded in Vietnam and returns home to a country divided over the warγγ
What led to the United Statesβ deepening involvement in Vietnam?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How did anticommunism shape Kennedyβs foreign policy?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did JFK respond to the insurgency in Southeast Asia?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did LBJ widen the U.S. commitment to Vietnam?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Who served in the Vietnam War? γ
How did a war abroad provoke a war at home?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What fueled the antiwar movement?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why was the Tet Offensive a turning point in the war? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did divisions over Vietnam influence the 1968 election?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did U.S. foreign policy shift under Nixon?
γγγγγγγγ What were the results of dΓ©tente with the Soviet Union and China? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Where and why did the U.S. intervene around the globe?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the Vietnam War end? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were the legacies of U.S. defeat in Southeast Asia?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the aftermath of the Vietnam conflict affect the Cold War? γ γ γ
What accounted for the Americansβ political shift to the right in the 1970s?γ γ γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did economic and energy crises affect the nation?γ γ
γγγγγγγγ In what ways did Nixon appeal to the Right?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the Watergate scandal?γ
γγγγγγγγ How did Democrats make gains in the post-Watergate years?γγγγγγ
What challenges did the Carter administration face?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did a Democratic president retreat from liberalism?γγ
γγγγγγγγ Why did energy and the environment capture national attention?
γγγγγγγγ How did a focus on human rights alter foreign policy?γγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What new crises did the U.S. face abroad?
Conclusion: How did the constraints of the 1970s transform U.S. policy and politics? γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ
Chapter Review γ
γ
Chapter 30, Political Divisions in a Conservative Eraγ
An American Story: Phyllis Schlafly promotes conservatism
What conservative goals were realized during Reaganβs presidency?
γγγγγγγγ How did Reagan appeal to the New Right?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What economic policies did the new administration adopt?γ
γγγγγγγγ Who were the winners and losers in the 1980 economy?γγγ
How did liberals fight the conservative turn?γ γ
γγγγγγγγγγγγγγWhat political battles wound up in the courts and Congress?γγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ Why was feminism on the defensive?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did gay men and lesbians secure rights?γ γ γ γ
Why did the Cold War intensify, and how did it end?
γγγγγγγγ What led to renewed militarization in the 1980s?γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the Iran-Contra Scandal?γγ
γγγγγγγγ How were Soviet-American relations transformed?γ
γγγγγγγγ How new was the "new world order"? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγγγγγγγWhy did the U.S. intervene in Central America and the Persian Gulf?γγγ
Why did domestic politics become more polarized in the 1990s?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did gridlock become a problem for governing? γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What agenda did the "New Democrats" pursue? γ
γγγγγγγγ How did conservative activism shape politics?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were the "culture wars"? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ Why was Clinton impeached?γ γ γ γ
How did the U.S. respond to the challenges of globalization?γ
γγγγγγγγ What was the "new economy" and whom did it leave behind?γγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did globalization affect the U.S. economy? γ
γγγγγγγγ Why did American debate the benefits of free trade?γγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. define its role in the post-Cold War world?γγγγγγ
Conclusion: What were the legacies of the "Reagan Revolution"?γγγγγ
Chapter Review γ
γ
Chapter 31, America in a New Century γ γ γ γ γ γ
An American Story: Immigrant Jose Antonio Vargas achieves success and faces uncertainty as anti-immigrant sentiments persist in the U.S.γγγγγγγγγ
How did U.S. foreign and domestic policy shift under George W. Bush?γγγ
γγγγγγγγ Why was the election of 2000 disputed?
γγγγγγγγ What were the effects of the 9/11 attacks?
γγγγγγγγ How did Americans weigh tensions between security and civil liberties?
γγγγγγγγ How did the U.S. wage the "War on Terror"?γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were Bushβs domestic successes and failures? γ γ γ γ
What was Obamaβs reform agenda, and what obstacles did he face?
γγγγγγγγ Did the 2008 election signal a post-racial America?γ γ γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What were Obamaβs domestic aims and accomplishments?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ Why did partisanship escalate, and with what consequences?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ What were the results of the multilateral approach to foreign policy?
How were new social movements and new media changing politics?γ
γγγγγγγγ Why and how did progressives mobilize around economic equality? γ γ
γγγγγγγγ What new rights movements emerged in the 21st century? What sparked the Black Lives Matter movement?
γγγγγγγγ How did social media tools transform political activism?γγ
What was the significance of Trumpβs presidency?γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the 2016 election disrupt expectations? γ
γγγγγγγγ Why were right wing populism and white nationalism on the rise?γγ
γγγγγγγγ What was Trumpβs record in office?γ
γγγγγγγγ In what ways did the U.S. retreat from global leadership?γ
In an intensely divided nation, was there any common ground?γγγγγγγ
γγγγγγγγ How did COVID-19 reveal inequalities and rifts among Americans? γ γ γ
γγγγγγγγ How did the 2020 election lead to an attack on the U.S. Capitol?
γγγγγγγγ How did crises shape the early Biden administration?γγγγγγ
Conclusion: Was America becoming more or less democratic in the 21st century?
Chapter Reviewγ
APPENDIXβ
The Declaration of Independence
The Constitution of the United States
Amendments to the Constitution with Annotations (including the six unratified amendments)
γ
Glossary
James L. Roark
Michael Johnson
Francois Furstenberg
Sarah Stage
Sarah Igo
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