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Exploring Chemistry

First  Edition©2012  Matthew Johll

ISBN:9781464138768

ISBN:9781464127816

ISBN:9781464104787

ISBN:9781464125195

About

Link chemistry to real-life situations with the case-study focus found in Exploring Chemistry. Work through the often-difficult topics of molecular structure, gas laws, and organic chemistry by studying relevant topics like the development of powerful new chemotherapy drugs, new technologies for screening airline passengers, and the creation of biodegradable biopolymers.

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Table of Contents

1. Understanding Our World with Chemistry
Case Study: Exploring Our Water Supply
1.1 Welcome
1.2 Chemistry, the Global Society, and You
1.3 Matter and Its Forms
1.4 The Periodic Table
In the Lab: Thin-Layer Chromatography
1.5 Learning the Language of Chemistry
1.6 The Most Important Skill of a Scientist: Observation
1.7 Critical Thinking and the Scientific Method
1.8 Case Study Finale: Exploring Our Water Supply
 
2. Matter: Properties, Changes and Measurements
Case Study: Exploring Evidence from a Crime Scene
2.1 Reactions, Properties, and Changes
2.2 Mass, Weight, and Units
2.3 Mathematics of Unit Conversions
2.4 Errors and Estimates in Laboratory Measurements: Significant Figures
2.5 Mathematics of Significant Figure Calculations
2.6 Experimental Results: Accuracy and Precision
2.7 Density Measurements
2.8 Mathematics of Density Measurements
2.9 How to Analyze Glass and Soil: Using Physical Properties
2.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring Evidence from a Crime Scene
 
3. Understanding Atoms
Case Study: Exploring Historical Climate Change
3.1 Origins of the Atomic Theory: Ancient Greek Philosophers
3.2 Foundations of a Modern Atomic Theory
3.3 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
3.4 Atomic Structure: Subatomic Particles
3.5 Nature’s Detectives: Isotopes
3.6 Atomic Mass: Isotopic Abundance and the Periodic Table
3.7 Mathematics of Isotopic Abundance and Atomic Mass
3.8 Atomic Structure: Electrons and Emission Spectra
3.9 Mathematics of Light
3.10 Atomic Structure: Electron Orbitals
3.11 Electron Configurations
In the Lab: Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.12 Case Study Finale: Exploring Historical Climate Change
 
4. Bonding and Reactions
Case Study: Exploring the Chemistry of a Poison
4.1 Regions of the Periodic Table
4.2 Types of Compounds: Covalent Compounds
4.3 Types of Compounds: Ionic Compounds
4.4 Common Names and Diatomic Elements
4.5 Basics of Chemical Reactions
4.6 Balancing Chemical Equations
4.7 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Mole Calculations
4.8 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry Calculations
4.9 Types of Reactions
4.10 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Limiting Reactants and Theoretical
Yields
In the Lab: Spectrophotometry
4.11 Case Study Finale: Exploring the Chemistry of a Poison
 
5. Chemistry of Bonding: Structure and Function of Drug Molecules
Case Study: Exploring Chemotherapy Drugs
5.1 Nature of Covalent Bonds
5.2 Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds
5.3 Lewis Structures of Covalent Compounds
5.4 Resonance Structures
5.5 VSEPR Theory
5.6 Polarity of Bonds and Molecules
5.7 Molecular Geometry of Fats and Oils
5.8 Drug Receptors and Brain Chemistry
In the Lab: Immunoassay Methods
5.9 Case Study Finale: Exploring Chemotherapy Drugs
 
6. Aqueous Solutions: Part I
Case Study: Exploring Chemistry in the Kitchen
6.1 Aqueous Solutions
6.2 Solution Properties
6.3 Solubility
6.4 Mathematics of Solutions: Concentration Calculations
6.5 Acid Chemistry
6.6 Base Chemistry
6.7 Neutralization Reactions
6.8 The pH Scale and Buffers
6.9 Mathematics of Solutions: Calculating pH
6.10 Net Ionic Reactions
6.11 Case Study Finale: Exploring Chemistry in the Kitchen
 
7. Aqueous Solutions: Part II
Case Study: Exploring Antibiotics and Drug-Resistant Infections
7.1 Intermolecular Forces and Surface Tension
7.2 Types of Intermolecular Forces
7.3 Mixed Intermolecular Forces
7.4 The Process of Dissolution
7.5 Rate of Dissolving Soluble Compounds
7.6 Colligative Properties: Boiling Point of Solutions
7.7 Mathematics of Boiling Point Elevation
7.8 Colligative Properties: Freezing Point of Solutions
7.9 Mathematics of Freezing Point Depression
7.10 Colligative Properties: Osmosis
7.11 Mathematics of Osmotic Pressure
In the Lab: HPLC 208
7.12 Case Study Finale: Exploring Antibiotics and Drug-Resistant Infections
 
8. Organic Chemistry and Polymers
Case Study: Exploring Biodegradable Polymers
8.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
8.2 Alkanes
8.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
8.4 Branched Isomers
8.5 Cyclic Compounds
8.6 Ethers, Ketones, and Esters
8.7 Amines
8.8 Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Carboxylic Acids
8.9 How to Extract Organic Compounds: Solubility and Acid–Base Properties
In the Lab: Infrared Spectroscopy
8.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring Biodegradable Polymers
 
9. Chemistry of Fire and Heat
Case Study: Exploring the Chemistry of Fire and Arson
9.1 The Chemistry of Fire
9.2 Combustion Reactions
9.3 Redox Reactions
9.4 Thermochemistry of Fire
9.5 Heat Capacity and Phase Changes
9.6 Mathematics of Heat Capacity
9.7 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Calorimetry
9.8 Mathematics of Calorimetry
9.9 Petroleum Refinement
In The Lab: Gas Chromatography
9.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring the Chemistry of Fire and Arson
 
10. Chemistry of Explosions
Case Study: Exploring Airport Security
10.1 Explosives 101
10.2 Redox Chemistry of Explosives
10.3 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
10.4 Gas Laws
10.5 Mathematics of the Gas Laws
10.6 The Combined and Ideal Gas Laws
10.7 Mathematics of the Combined and Ideal Gas Laws
10.8 Mathematics of Advanced Ideal Gas Law Problems
10.9 Detection of Explosives: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
In the Lab: Mass Spectroscopy
10.10 Case Study Finale: Exploring Airport Security
 
11. Applications of Chemical Kinetics
Case Study: Investigating Green Chemistry
11.1 Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
11.2 Collision Theory
11.3 Kinetics and Temperature
11.4 Kinetics and Catalysts
11.5 Zero-Order Reactions
11.6 First-Order Reactions
11.7 Half-Life
11.8 Case Study Finale: Investigating Green Chemistry
 
12. Nuclear Chemistry: Energy, Medicine, Weapons, and Terrorism
Case Study: Exploring Nuclear Power
12.1 The Discovery of Natural Radioactivity
12.2 Radiation Types and Hazards
12.3 Balancing Nuclear Equations
12.4 Half-Lives and Risk Assessment
12.5 Medical Applications of Nuclear Isotopes
12.6 Investigative Application of Carbon-14
12.7 Nuclear Power
12.8 Military Uses of Nuclear Isotopes
12.9 Nuclear Transmutations
12.10 Nuclear Terrorism
In the Lab: Neutron Activation Analysis
12.11 Case Study Finale: Exploring Nuclear Power
 
13. Chemical Equilibrium
Case Study: Exploring Athletic Performance
13.1 Chemical Equilibrium
13.2 Dynamic Equilibrium
13.3 Values of the Equilibrium Constant
13.4 Le Chatelier’s Principle
13.5 Solubility Equilibrium
13.6 Mathematics of Equilibrium
13.7 Chemistry of Poisons
13.8 Case Study Finale: Exploring Athletic Performance

14. Introduction to Biochemistry
Case Study: Exploring Genetically Modified Food
14.1 Lipids: Fats, Waxes, and Oils
14.2 Carbohydrates
14.3 Proteins
14.4 DNA Basics
14.5 DNA Analysis
14.6 Mitochondrial DNA
14.7 Genetic Genealogy
14.8 Case Study Finale: Exploring Genetically Modified Food

Matthew Johll

Dr. Matthew Johll is Professor of Chemistry and Adjunct Professor of Forensic Science at Illinois Valley Community College, where he teaches introductory and general chemistry courses. Dr. Johll received his B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin-Platteville, and his Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Iowa State University. In addition to his twenty years of teaching, he has also served as an expert witness/consultant for several murder cases in the United Kingdom, including a BBC investigation into a serial killer. He has also consulted on a Jane Doe case in central Illinois, in which new scientific methods are being employed to identify the victim. When he is not writing, editing, grading, or teaching, he can be found camping with his three sons and serving as Scoutmaster for their Boy Scout troop. He was recently honored with the National Outstanding Eagle Scout award for his professional achievements.