Esteban: Sixteenth-Century African Explorer of North America

Central Question

Learning Objective

Historical Background

Timeline

PRIMARY SOURCES

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca’s Account of His 1528-1536 Journey, Published in 1555

Letter from Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza to the King of Spain, 1537

Friar Marcos de Niza’s Account of His Voyage with Esteban, 1539

Letter from Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, 1540

Hernando de Alarcón’s Report of Esteban’s Death, 1540

Pedro de Castañeda de Nájera’s Account, c. 1560

Frank Hamilton Cushing’s account of Esteban from Zuni, 1979