Documenting Sources in APA Style: 2020 Update

Contents
Creating APA-style in-text citations 
Directory to APA in-text citation models
 

1. Basic format for a quotation 
   
2. Basic format for a summary or a paraphrase
   
3. Quotation from a source without page numbers 
   
4. Specific section of a source 
   
5. Two authors 
   
6. Three or more authors 
   
7. Organization as author 
   
8. Unknown or anonymous author 
   
9. Two or more works by the same author in the same year 
   
10. Two or more authors with the same last name 
    
11. Indirect source (source quoted in another source),
    
12. Two or more works in the same parentheses 
    
13. Work available in multiple versions 
    
14. Sacred or classical text 
    
15. Website, software, or app 
    
16. Audiovisual or multimedia works 
    
17. Personal communications

Creating APA-style reference list entries
Elements of APA reference list entries
Author
Date of publication
Title
Source
   Source title
   Publisher (for books)
   Volume and issue number (for periodicals)
   Page numbers
   DOIs and URLs
Directory to APA reference list models
General guidelines for listing authors 

1. One author 
   
2. Two authors 
   
3. Three to twenty authors 
   
4. Twenty-one or more authors 
   
5. Organization as author 
   
6. Pseudonym or screen name 
   
7. Author with a one- or two-word name 
   
8. Unknown author 
   
9. Author and editor 
   
10. Editor 
    
11. Translator 
    
12. Editor and translator 
    
13. Two or more works by the same author in the same year 

Articles and other parts of larger works

14. Journal article 
15. Magazine article 
16. Newspaper article 
17. Newsletter article 
18. Comment on an online article 
19. Selection in a collection or anthology, or a chapter in an edited book 
20. Abstract 
21. Article with a title in its title 
22. Editorial or letter to the editor 
23. Review 
24. Published interview 
25. Entry in a reference work 
26. Web page or document on a website 

Books and other stand-alone works
27. Basic format for a book 
28. Edition other than the first 
29. Collection or anthology 
30. Multivolume work (all volumes)  
31. Multivolume work (single volume)  
32. Book with a title in its title 
33. Book in a language other than English 
34. Republished book 
35. Sacred or classical text 
36. Dissertation 
37. Government document 
38. Report from a private organization 
39. Brochure or fact sheet 
40. Press release 
41. Website

Multimedia sources
42. Blog post 
43. Comment on a blog post 
44. Podcast 
45. Episode of a podcast 
46. Online video or audio 
47. Transcript of an online video or audio file 
48. Film 
49. Television or radio series 
50. Episode from a television or radio series 
51. Work of art in a museum 
52. Photograph 
53. Map 
54. Advertisement 
55. Music recording 
56. Lecture, speech, address, or recorded interview 
57. Paper or poster presented at a conference 
58. Video game 
59. Mobile app 
60. Presentation slides 

Social media sources
61. Profile 
62. Facebook post 
63. Tweet 
64. Instagram post or highlight 
65. Online forum post 

Other sources
66. Data set or graphic representation of data (graph, chart, table)  
67. Legal source 
68. Lecture notes or other course materials 
69. Personal communications 
Formatting student papers in APA style
Margins and fonts
Indents
Footnotes
Line spacing
Page numbering
Headings
Title page
Additional sections for professional papers
Author note
Abstract
Keywords
Running heads
Preparing the reference list
Alphabetizing the list
Formatting the entries
DOIs and URLs
Excerpts from a sample student paper in APA style
Title page
First text page
Reference list