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Approaching Great Ideas
First EditionLee A. Jacobus
©2016
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Learn how to approach, engage with, and respond thoughtfully to great ideas in literature. Approaching Great Ideas takes writing samples from classic authors such as Aristotle, Darwin, and Nietzsche and pairs them with contemporary authors like Cornel West, Elizabeth Warren, and Fareed Zakaria who have written on the same themes. This not only makes great ideas relevant to you today, but they also become easier to understand.
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Learn MoreTable of Contents
Preface
PART ONE: READING AND WRITING ABOUT GREAT IDEAS
CHAPTER 1: Examining Ideas
Strategies for Critical Reading about Great Ideas
Prereading, Titles, and Subheadings
Looking at Opening Paragraphs
Annotation
Questioning
Reviewing
Discussion
Sample Annotated Passage for Review and Discussion
Forming Your Own Ideas
CHAPTER 2: Writing about Ideas
Generating Topics for Writing
Thinking Critically
Creating a Thesis Statement
Sample Opening Paragraphs
Supporting Your Thesis
Development by Definition
Development by Comparison
Development by Example
Development by Analysis of Cause and Effect
Development by Analysis of Circumstances
Development by Testimony
Development by Rhetorical Question
Questions for Reading and Writing
Establishing Your Argument
Classical Argument
Toulmin Argument
Rogerian Argument
A Sample Student Essay
PART TWO: THE READINGS
CHAPTER 3: How Democracy Relates to Human Rights
Plato (427–347 B.C.E.), Democracy and the Democratic Man
James Madison (1751–1836), The Bill of Rights
Marquis de Lafayette (1757–1834) and the National Assembly of France (1789), Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859), The Idea of Rights in the United States
Emile Durkheim (1858–1917), The Intellectual Elite and Democracy
Robert A. Dahl (1915–2014), Why Democracy?
Cornel West (b. 1953), The Deep Democratic Tradition in America
Fareed Zakaria (b. 1954), Illiberal Democracy
CHAPTER 4: How Freedom Depends on Justice
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), Of Slavery and the Social Pact
Lucy A. Delaney (c. 1828–1890), from Struggles for Freedom
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945), The Four Freedoms
John Rawls (1921–2002), A Theory of Justice
James Baldwin (1924–1987), My Dungeon Shook: Letter to My Nephew on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Emancipation
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968), I Have a Dream
Amartya Sen (b. 1933), The Idea of Justice
bell hooks (b. 1952), Feminist Politics: Where We Stand
CHAPTER 5: How Science Reads the Book of Nature
Lucretius (c. 99–c. 55 B.C.E.), The Nature of Sleep
Charles Darwin (1809–1882), Of Sexual Selection and Natural Selection
Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947), Religion and Science
Oliver Sacks (b. 1933), The Mind’s Eye
Steve Jones (b. 1944), The Descent of Men
Michio Kaku (b. 1947), Physics of the Impossible
Jennifer Ackerman (b. 1959), Molecules and Genes
CHAPTER 6: How Society Regards Wealth and Poverty
Adam Smith (1723–1790), The Value of Labor
Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919), The Gospel of Wealth
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935), Women and Economics: “Cupid-in-the-Kitchen”
John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006), Inequality
Jane Jacobs (1916–2006), Stagflation
Elizabeth Warren (b. 1949), The Vanishing Middle Class
Leslie T. Chang (b. 1969), Factory Girls in Dongguan
CHAPTER 7: How Ethics and Morality Interact
Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.), The Aim of Man
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), Good and Bad
John Dewey (1859–1952), Education and Morality
Thomas Nagel (b. 1937), The Objective Basis of Morality
Michael Gazzaniga (b. 1939), Toward a Universal Ethics
Peter Singer (b. 1946) and Jim Mason (b. 1934), Ethics and Animals
Francis Fukuyama (b. 1952), Human Specificity and the Rights of Animals
Kwame Anthony Appiah (b. 1954), If You’re Happy and You Know It