Sources for Western Society, Volume 2

Please Note: Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16, Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30, and Since 1300 includes Chapters 11-30.

CHAPTER 14 European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650

14-1 Columbus Sets the Context for His Voyage

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Diario (1492)

14-2 Cortés Describes the Conquest of the Aztecs

Hernán Cortés, Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs (1521)

14-3 ALVISE DA CA’DA MOSTO, Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth- Century Slave Trade in West Africa (1455-1456)

14-4 KING NZINGA MBEMBA AFFONSO OF CONGO, Letters on the Slave Trade (1526)

14-5 Circumnavigating the Globe

Navigation and Voyage Which Ferdinand Magellan Made from Seville to Maluco in the Year 1519 (1519-1522)

14-6 A Critique of European "Superiority"

MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE, Of Cannibals (1580)

15-1 A French King Establishes Limited Religious Toleration

HENRY IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)

15-2 An Argument for the Divine Right of Kings

JEAN DOMAT, Of the Government and General Policy of a State (1689)

15-3 The English Place Limits on Monarchical Power

The Bill of Rights (1689)

15-4 A Tsar Imposes Western Styles on the Russians

PETER THE GREAT, Edicts and Decrees (1699-1723)

15-5 THOMAS HOBBES, Leviathan (1651)

15-6 JOHN LOCKE, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution (1690)

16-1 A New Model of the Solar System

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1542)

16-2 A Defense of Science

FRANCIS BACON, On Superstition and the Virtue of Science (1620)

16-3 A Defense of a Sun-Centered Universe

GALILEO GALILEI, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany (1615)

16-4 CHARLES DE SECONDAT, BARON DE MONTESQUIEU, The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers (1748)

16-5 JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will (1762)

16-6 A Philosophe Argues for Religious Toleration

VOLTAIRE, A Treatise on Toleration (1763)

17-1 The "Potato Revolution"

WILLIAM SALMON, The Family Dictionary, or Household Companion (1695) and THOMAS RUGGLES, Annals of Agriculture and Other Useful Arts (1792)

17-2 Defining and Defending Mercantilism

THOMAS MUN, England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664)

17-3 Critiquing Mercantilism

ADAM SMITH, The Wealth of Nations (1776)

17-4 OLAUDAH EQUIANO, A Description of the Middle Passage (1789)

17-5 ROBERT, FIRST BARON CLIVE, Speech in the House of Commons on India (1772)

18-1 The Dangers of Eighteenth-Century Life

EDMOND WILLIAMSON, Births and Deaths in an English Gentry Family (1709-1720)

18-2 Embracing Innovation in Medicine

MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, On Smallpox Inoculations (ca. 1717)

18-3 Shaping Young Minds and Bodies

JOHN LOCKE, Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

18-4 JOHN WESLEY, The Ground Rules for Methodism (1749)

18-5 THOMAS PAINE, The Age of Reason (1794)

19-1 An Englishman Describes the Suffering of the Third Estate

ARTHUR YOUNG, Travels in France During the Years 1787, 1788, 1789 (1787-1789)

19-2 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF FRANCE, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)

19-3 The Law of 22 Prairial (1794)

19-4 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, The Napoleonic Code (1804)

19-5 Challenging the Limits of Equality

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

19-6 The Revolution in the French Colonies

FRANÇOIS DOMINIQUE TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, A Black Revolutionary Leader in Haiti (1797)

20-1 Predicting a Population Catastrophe

THOMAS MALTHUS, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

20-2 FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (1844)

20-3 Factory Rules in Berlin (1844)

20-4 NED LUDD, Yorkshire Textile Workers Threaten a Factory Owner (ca. 1811-1812)

20-5 Creating an Industrial Utopia

ROBERT OWEN, A New View of Society (1813)

20-6 Child Labor in an Industrial Age

The Child of the Factory (1842)

21-1 Touting the Values of Industrial Technology

ANDREW URE, The Philosophy of the Manufacturers (1835)

21-2 KLEMENS VON METTERNICH, Political Confession of Faith (1820)

21-3 JOHN STUART MILL, On Liberty (1859)

21-4 KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Communist Manifesto (1848)

21-5 Following Mademoiselle Liberté

EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Liberty Leading the People (1830)

21-6 Workers Demand the Vote

The People’s Charter (1838)

21-7 The Misery of the Potato Famine

WILLIAM STEUART TRENCH, Realities of Irish Life (1847)

22-1 Sanitation and Public Health

SIR EDWIN CHADWICK, Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Poor (1842)

22-2 Life in London’s East End

JACK LONDON, The People of the Abyss (1902)

22-3 ISABELLA BEETON, Mrs. Beeton’s Book of Household Management (1861)

22-4 Dressing the Respectable Woman (ca. 1890)

22-5 EMMELINE PANKHURST, My Own Story (1914)

22-6 A New Creation Story

CHARLES DARWIN, The Descent of Man (1871)

22-7 Weeding Out the Weak

HERBERT SPENCER, Social Statics: Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind (1851)

23-1 Romantic Nationalism in Italy

A Good Offer (1860)

23-2 GIUSEPPE MAZZINI, On Nationality (1852)

23-3 OTTO VON BISMARCK, Speech Before the Reichstag: On the Law for Workers’ Compensation (1884)

23-4 A Revolution in Paris

JOHN LEIGHTON, Paris Under the Commune (1871)

23-5 An Indictment of France’s Military Elite

ÉMILE ZOLA, "J’Accuse" the French Army (1898)

24-1 COMMISSIONER LIN ZEXU, Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)

24-2 EVELYN BARIN, EARL OF CROMER, Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882 (1908)

24-3 British Conquests in Africa

The Rhodes Colossus (1892)

24-4 A White Explorer in Black Africa

HENRY MORTON STANLEY, Autobiography (1909)

24-5 An Anti-Imperialist Pamphlet

MARK TWAIN, King Leopold’s Soliloquy (1905)

24-6 Questioning the Economics of Imperialism

J. A. HOBSON, Imperialism (1902)

25-1 HENRI BARBUSSE, The Story of a Squad (1916)

25-2 Klaxon Horn Used to Warn of Gas Attacks (1917)

25-3 Is YOUR Home Worth Fighting For? (1915)

25-4 Women and the War

HELENA SWANWICK, The War in Its Effect upon Women (1916)

25-5 Preparing for the Coming Revolution

VLADIMIR I. LENIN, What Is to Be Done? (1902)

25-6 Making the World Safe for Democracy

WOODROW WILSON, The Fourteen Points (1918)

25-7 The Bitter Taste of Defeat

A Defeated Germany Contemplates the Peace Treaty (1919)

26-1 Discovering the Self

SIGMUND FREUD, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)

26-2 The Great Depression in America

Unemployed Men Arrive at the Capitol in Washington, D.C. (1932)

26-3 An Analysis of the Versailles Treaty

JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920)

26-4 Postwar Economic Crisis in Germany

Hyperinflation in Germany (1923)

26-5 OSCAR DE LACY AND LILY WEBB, Hunger March Speeches (1932)

26-6 HEINRICH HAUSER, With the Unemployed in Germany (1933)

26-7 German Communist Party Poster (1932)

27-1 A Culture of Paranoia and Coercion

VLADIMIR TCHERNAVIN, I Speak for the Silent (1930)

27-2 Stalin Touts the Successes of the Five-Year Plans

JOSEPH STALIN, Speech Given to the Voters of the Stalin Electoral District, Moscow (1946)

27-3 ADOLF HITLER, Mein Kampf: The Art of Propaganda (1924)

27-4 Soviet Propaganda Posters (1941 and 1945)

27-5 Freedom’s Last Line of Defense

WINSTON CHURCHILL, Speech Before the House of Commons (June 18, 1940)

27-6 Legislating Racial Purity

The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation (1935)

27-7 The First Steps Toward a "Final Solution"

ALFRED ROSENBERG, The Jewish Question as a World Problem (1941)

28-1 The United States Rebuilds Europe

GEORGE C. MARSHALL, An American Plan to Rebuild a Shattered Europe (June 5, 1947)

28-2 The Stalinist Gulag

ALEXANDER SOLHENITSYN, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962)

28-3 WINSTON CHURCHILL, "Sinews of Peace" Speech (March 5, 1946)

28-4 JOSEPH STALIN, Interview Regarding Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech (March 14, 1946)

28-5 An Argument for Women’s Equality

SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR, The Second Sex (1949)

29-1 MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, Perestroika: A Soviet Leader Calls for Change (1987)

29-2 VÁCLAV HAVEL, New Year’s Address to the Nation (1990)

29-3 Tiananmen Square: Resistance to the Power of the State

JEFF WIDENER, Tank Man (1989)

29-4 Women Demand Fundamental Change

BETTY FRIEDAN, Statement of Purpose of the National Organization for Women: Defining Full Equality (1966)

29-5 Resisting through Unionization

LECH WALESA, Letter to the Council of State (1986)

30-1 AMARTYA SEN, A World Not Neatly Divided (November 23, 2001)

30-2 ABDOLKARIM SOROUSH, Militant Secularism (2007)

30-3 Protesting Globalization

A Greenpeace Activist at the G8 Summit (2001)

30-4 Arab Spring

A Tunisian Woman Casts Her Vote (2011)

30-5 Rising Nationalism: Britain Votes to Leave the European Union

NIGEL FARAGE AND OTHERS, Outcome of the Referendum in the United Kingdom (2016)