Ways of the World with Sources, Volume 2

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.　
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-12.　
Volume 2 includes Chapters 12-23.

NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, quizzes for sources and features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, all of the documents from the companion reader Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World, and quizzes for each of the documents in the companion reader – has been labeled on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Brief Contents
Contents
Maps
Features
Working with Evidence
Prologue

PART 4 The Early Modern World, 1450–1750

THE BIG PICTURE Toward Modernity . . . or Not?

Sprouts of Modernity?

Continuing Older Patterns?

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1450–1750)

13. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS: EMPIRES AND ENCOUNTERS, 1450–1750

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

European Empires in the Americas

The European Advantage

The Great Dying and the Little Ice Age

The Columbian Exchange

Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas

In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas

Colonies of Sugar

Settler Colonies in North America

The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire

Experiencing the Russian Empire

Russians and Empire

Asian Empires

Making China an Empire

Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire

Muslims and Christians in the Ottoman Empire

Reflections: The Centrality of Context in World History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 13

ZOOMING IN: Doña Marina: Between Two Worlds

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: State Building in the Early Modern Era

Source 13.1 The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs, 1605–1627

Quiz for Source 13.1 LaunchPad

Source 13.2 The Palace of an Ottoman Emperor: A Reception at the Court of Selim III, late 18th Century

Quiz for Source 13.2 LaunchPad

Source 13.3 French State Building and Louis XIV

Louis XIV, Memoirs, 1670

Louis XIV in Costume, 1653

Quiz for Source 13.3 LaunchPad

Source 13.4 An Outsider’s View of the Inca Empire: Pedro de Cieza de León, Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550

Quiz for Source 13.4 LaunchPad

Source 13.5 The Temple of Heaven: Beijing, China: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, ca. 1420

Quiz for Source 13.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Modern Rulers

Voice 13.1 Charles Parker on Emperor Kangxi of China and Louis XIV of France, from Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800, 2010

Voice 13.2 John Darwin on Emperor Akbar’s Public Image, from After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires 1400–2000, 2008

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

13. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The Spanish and the Aztecs: From Encounter to Conquest (1519-1521)

Source 13.1: The Meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma: A Spanish View: Bernal Díaz: The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, Mid-Sixteenth Century

Quiz for Source 13.1 LaunchPad

Source 13.2: The Meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma: An Aztec Account: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex, Mid-Sixteenth Century

Quiz for Source 13.2 LaunchPad

Source 13.3: Images of Encounter: Moctezuma and Cortés, 1560; The Massacre of the Nobles, 1581

Quiz for Source 13.3 LaunchPad

Source 13.4: Conquest and Victory: The Fall of Tenochtitlán from a Spanish Perspective: Francisco de Aguilar:　Brief Record of the Conquest of New Spain, ca. 1560

Quiz for Source 13.4 LaunchPad

Source 13.5: Defeat: The Fall of Tenochtitlán from an Aztec Perspective: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún:　The Florentine Codex, Mid-Sixteenth Century

Quiz for Source 13.5 LaunchPad

Source 13.6: Depicting the Seizure of the Aztec Capital: The Conquest of Tenochtitlán, Seventeenth Century

Quiz for Source 13.6 LaunchPad

Source 13.7: Lamentation: The Aftermath of Defeat: Cantares Mexicanos, Late Sixteenth Century

Quiz for Source 13.7 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Conquest, Disease and Demographic Collapse in the Aztec Empire

Voice 13.1: Alfred Crosby on the Impact of Disease on the Conquest of the Aztec Empire, From The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, 1972

Voice 13.2: Philip Hoffman on the Roles of Disease, Social Disruption and Technology in the Conquest of the Aztecs, From Why did Europe Conquer the World, 2015

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

14. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS: COMMERCE AND CONSEQUENCE, 1450–1750

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Europeans and Asian Commerce

A Portuguese Empire of Commerce

Spain and the Philippines

The East India Companies

Asians and Asian Commerce

Silver and Global Commerce

"The World Hunt": Fur in Global Commerce

Commerce in People: The Transatlantic Slave System

The Slave Trade in Context

The Slave Trade in Practice

Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa

Reflections: Economic Globalization — Then and Now

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 14

ZOOMING IN: Ayuba Suleiman Diallo: To Slavery and Back

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Atlantic World

Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World

Source 14.1 Clothing and Status in the Americas: Miguel Cabrera, Detail from a Series on Mixed-Race Marriages in Mexico, 1763

Quiz for Source 14.1 LaunchPad

Source 14.2 Clothing and Status in Europe: Portrait of Sophie of the Palatinate, 1645

Quiz for Source 14.2 LaunchPad

Source 14.3 A Critical View of Coffeehouses in the Ottoman Empire: Mustafa Ali, Description of Cairo, 1599

Quiz for Source 14.3 LaunchPad

Source 14.4 An Ottoman Coffeehouse: A Gathering of Turkish Men at an Ottoman Coffeehouse, 16th century

Quiz for Source 14.4 LaunchPad

Source 14.5 Coffeehouse Culture in England: Thomas Jordan, News from the Coffee-house, 1667

Quiz for Source 14.5 LaunchPad

Source 14.6 Tobacco Smoking in Eurasia: King James I, A Counterblaste to Tobacco, 1604

Quiz for Source 14.6 LaunchPad

Source 14.7 Chinese Poems about Smoking: Poems from Cheng Cong’s Tobacco Manual, 17th and 18th centuries

Quiz for Source 14.7 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Coffee and Coffeeshops

Voice 14.1 Tom Standage on Muslim Debates over Coffee’s Intoxicating Effects, from A History of the World in 6 Glasses, 2005

Voice 14.2 Mark Pendergrast on London’s Coffeehouses, from Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World, 2010

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

14. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Voices from the Slave Trade

Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery: Olaudah Equiano: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789

Quiz for Source 14.1 LaunchPad

Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade: Thomas Phillips: A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London, 1694

Quiz for Source 14.2 LaunchPad

Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo: King Affonso I: Letters to King João of Portugal, 1526

Quiz for Source 14.3 LaunchPad

Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante: Osei Bonsu: Conversation with Joseph Dupuis, 1820

Quiz for Source 14.4 LaunchPad

Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade: Sale of Slaves in West Africa, 1796; The Slave Ship　Wildfire, 1860; Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC, 1749

Quiz for Source 14.5 LaunchPad

Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade: Voyages and Slave Rebellion: An Aggregate Statistic; Changing Patterns of the Slave Trade

Quiz for Source 14.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: 　Describing the Middle Passage

Voice 14.1: Lisa Lindsay on Conditions Above and Below Deck during the Middle Passage, From Captives as Commodities: The Transatlantic Slave Trade, 2008

Voice 14.2: Johannes Postma on Mortality during the Middle Passage, From The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2003

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

15. CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS: RELIGION AND SCIENCE, 1450–1750

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

The Globalization of Christianity

Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation

Christianity Outward Bound

Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America

An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits

Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions

Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World

China: New Directions in an Old Tradition

India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide

A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science

The Question of Origins: Why Europe?

Science as Cultural Revolution

Science and Enlightenment

European Science beyond the West

Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century and Beyond

Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 15

ZOOMING IN: Galileo and the Telescope: Reflecting on Science and Religion

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Christianity: Becoming a Global Religion

Source 15.1 Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity: La Virgen del Cerro (Virgin Mary of the Mountains), ca. 1740

Quiz for Source 15.1 LaunchPad

Source 15.2 Christianity through Maya Eyes: The Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 18th century

Quiz for Source 15.2 LaunchPad

Source 15.3 Making Christianity Chinese: Illustration of the Annunciation, ca. 17th century

Quiz for Source 15.3 LaunchPad

Source 15.4 The Chinese Rites Controversy

Papal Decree Banning Chinese Rites, 1715

Decree of Emperor Kangxi, 1721

Quiz for Source 15.4 LaunchPad

Source 15.5 Christian Art in the Mughal Empire: Unknown Indian Artist, The Holy Family, early 17th century

Quiz for Source 15.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Missions in Mesoamerica and China

Voice 15.1 Merry Wiesner-Hanks on the Virgin of Guadalupe, from A Concise History of the World, 2015

Voice 15.2 Diarmaid MacCulloch on Jesuit Missionary Strategies in China, from Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, 2009

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

15. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Renewal and Reform in the Early Modern World

Source 15.1: Luther’s Protest: Martin Luther: Table Talk, Early Sixteenth Century

Quiz for Source 15.1 LaunchPad

Source 15.2: Calvinism and Catholicism: Engraving of Calvinists Destroying Statues in a Catholic Church, 1566

Quiz for Source 15.2 LaunchPad

Source 15.3: Progress and Enlightenment: Marquis de Condorcet: Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793–1794

Quiz for Source 15.3 LaunchPad

Source 15.4: Art and Enlightenment: Joseph Wright, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery, ca. 1766

Quiz for Source 15.4 LaunchPad

Source 15.5: The Wahhabi Perspective on Islam: Abdullah Wahhab: History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis, 1803

Quiz for Source 15.5 LaunchPad

Source 15.6: The Poetry of Kabir: Kabir: Poetry, ca. Late Fifteenth Century

Quiz for Source 15.6 LaunchPad

Source 15.7: Religious Syncretism in Indian Art: Kumbhaka (breathing exercises), ca. 1600

Quiz for Source 15.7 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Reform and Renewal in the Christian and Islamic Worlds

Voice 15.1: R.W. Scribner on the Evangelical Agenda in Protestant Germany, From The German Reformation, 1986

Voice 15.2: Natana DeLong-Bas on the Teachings of Ibn Abd al Wahhab, From Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad, 2004

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

PART 5 The European Moment in World History, 1750–1900

THE BIG PICTURE European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1750–1900)

16. ATLANTIC REVOLUTIONS, GLOBAL ECHOES, 1750–1900

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context

Comparing Atlantic Revolutions

The North American Revolution, 1775–1787

The French Revolution, 1789–1815

The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804

Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1825

Echoes of Revolution

The Abolition of Slavery

Nations and Nationalism

Feminist Beginnings

Reflections: Revolutions: Pro and Con

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 16

ZOOMING IN: Kartini: Feminism and Nationalism in Java

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Opponents of the Atlantic Revolutions

Source 16.1 A New York Clergyman’s Criticism of the Continental Congress: Samuel Seabury, Letter of a Westchester Farmer, 1774

Quiz for Source 16.1 LaunchPad

Source 16.2 A British Conservative’s Critique of the Universal Rights of Man: Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790

Quiz for Source 16.2 LaunchPad

Source 16.3 An English Cartoon’s Reaction to Revolutionary Violence: Hell Broke Loose, or, The Murder of Louis, 1793

Quiz for Source 16.3 LaunchPad

Source 16.4 The French National Assembly and Slavery: Decree and Explanation of the French National Assembly, May 15 and 29, 1791

Quiz for Source 16.4 LaunchPad

Source 16.5 Imagining Women’s Suffrage: An Inauguration of the Future, 1897

Quiz for Source 16.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: How the French Revolution Went Wrong

Voice 16.1 Tocqueville on the Course of the French Revolution, from The Old Regime and the Revolution, 1856

Voice 16.2 Hippolyte Taine on the Failure of the Early Years of the Revolution and the Rise of the Radical Revolution, from The French Revolution, 1881

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

16. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Claiming Rights

Source 16.1: The French Revolution and the "Rights of Man": The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789

Quiz for Source 16.1 LaunchPad

Source 16.2: Representing the Declaration: Jean-Jacques Le Barbier: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (Painting), ca. 1789

Quiz for Source 16.2 LaunchPad

Source 16.3: Rights and National Independence: Simón Bolívar: The Jamaica Letter, 1815

Quiz for Source 16.3 LaunchPad

Source 16.4: Rights and Slavery: Picturing "Reason and Nature": All Mortals Are Equal, It Is Not Birth but Virtue That Makes the Difference, 1793

Quiz for Source 16.4 LaunchPad

Source 16.5: Rights and Slavery: An African American Voice:　Frederick Douglass: What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?, 1852

Quiz for Source 16.5 LaunchPad

Source 16.6: The Rights of Women: Depicting a Revolutionary Woman: Frenchwomen Freed, 1793

Quiz for Source 16.6 LaunchPad

Source 16.7: The Rights of Women: An American Feminist Voice: Elizabeth Cady Stanton: The Solitude of Self, 1892

Quiz for Source 16.7 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Origins and Echoes of the American Revolution

Voice 16.1: Dorinda Outram on Enlightenment Ideas in the American Revolution, From The Enlightenment, 1995

Voice 16.2: Carl Guarneri on British Expansion Redirected, From America in the World: The United States in Global Context, 2007

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

17. REVOLUTIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1750–1900

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Industrialization: The Global Context

The First Industrial Society

The British Aristocracy

The Middle Classes

The Laboring Classes

Social Protest

Europeans in Motion

Variations on a Theme: Industrialization in the United States and Russia

The United States: Industrialization without Socialism

Russia: Industrialization and Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

After Independence in Latin America

Facing the World Economy

Becoming like Europe?

Reflections: History and Horse Races

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 17

CONTROVERSIES: Debating "Why Europe?"

Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad

ZOOMING IN: The English Luddites and Machine Breaking

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Socialist Vision

Source 17.1 Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848

Quiz for Source 17.1 LaunchPad

Source 17.2 Socialism in Song: Eugène Pottier, The Internationale, 1871

Quiz for Source 17.2 LaunchPad

Source 17.3 Socialist Perspectives in Art

Industrial Workers of the World, A Pyramid of Capitalist Society, 1911

Manifest of International Trade Union Congress, 1896

Quiz for Source 17.3 LaunchPad

Source 17.4 Socialist Variations: The Woman Question: Clara Zetkin, The German Socialist Women’s Movement, 1909

Quiz for Source 17.4 LaunchPad

Source 17.5 Socialist Variations: The Case of Russia: Lenin, What Is to Be Done? 1902

Quiz for Source 17.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Karl Marx in the Twenty-First Century

Voice 17.1 Allan Todd on Marx and Current History, from The Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia, 2016

Voice 17.2 Terry Eagleton on the Continuing Relevance of Marx, from Why Marx Was Right, 2011

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

17. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Experiencing the Early Industrial Revolution

Source 17.1: The Experience of an English Factory Worker: Elizabeth Bentley, Factory Worker: Testimony, 1831; William Harter, Mill Owner: Testimony, 1832

Quiz for Source 17.1 LaunchPad

Source 17.2: Urban Living Conditions: Friedrich Engels: The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1844

Quiz for Source 17.2 LaunchPad

Source 17.3: Another View of Factory Life: Eyre Crowe: Outside the Factory, 1874

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Source 17.4: A Weaver’s Lament: Only a Weaver, 1860s

Quiz for Source 17.4 LaunchPad

Source 17.5: Poetry from the Factory Floor: Ellen Johnston: Poetry, 1867

Quiz for Source 17.5 LaunchPad

Source 17.6: Railroads and the Middle Class: The Railroad as a Symbol of the Industrial Era, 1870s

Quiz for Source 17.6 LaunchPad

Source 17.7: Inequality: John Leech, Capital and Labour, 1843

Quiz for Source 17.7 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: 　Children and Family during the Industrial Revolution

Voice 17.1: Elinor Accampo on Migration, Industry, and the Loosening of Parental Control, From Industrialization, Family Life and Class Relations: Saint Chamond, 1815-1914, 1989

Voice 17.2: Louise Tilly and Joan Scott on Daughters and Industrial Work, From Women, Work, and Family, 1978

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

18. COLONIAL ENCOUNTERS IN ASIA, AFRICA, AND OCEANIA, 1750–1950

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Industry and Empire

A Second Wave of European Conquests

Under European Rule

Cooperation and Rebellion

Colonial Empires with a Difference

Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies

Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State

Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market

Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work

Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa

Assessing Colonial Development

Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change

Education

Religion

"Race" and "Tribe"

Reflections: Who Makes History?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 18

ZOOMING IN: Vivekananda, a Hindu Monk in America

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Colonial Conquest: The Scramble for Africa

Source 18.1 Competition and Conquest: Charles Tichon, Commandant Marchand across Africa, 1900

Quiz for Source 18.1 LaunchPad

Source 18.2 "Pacification" in East Africa: Richard Meinertzhagen, A Small Slaughter, 1902

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Source 18.3 From Cape to Cairo: The Rhodes Colossus, 1892

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Source 18.4 Ethiopia and the Scramble for Africa

Menelik II, Letter to the European Great Powers, 1891

Menelik II, Mobilization Proclamation, 1895

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Source 18.5 Empire Building in North Africa: British and French in North Africa, ca. 1910

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Source 18.6 An African American Voice on the Scramble for Africa: W. E. B. DuBois, The African Roots of War, 1915

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Invasion of Africa

Voice 18.1 Thomas Pakenham on European Motivations, from The Scramble for Africa, 1992

Voice 18.2 A. Adu Boahen on African Strategies, from African Perspectives on Colonialism, 1987

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

18. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Colonial India: Experience and Response

Source 18.1: Images of Colonial Rule: J. Bouvier: A British Breakfast in India, 1842; Tiger Hunting in Colonial India, 1860s; The British and Indian Princes, ca. 1820; Blowing from a Gun, 1858

Quiz for Source 18.1 LaunchPad

Source 18.2: Seeking Western Education: Ram Mohan Roy: Letter to Lord Amherst, 1823

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Source 18.3: The Indian Rebellion: Prince Feroze Shah: The Azamgarh Proclamation, 1857

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Source 18.4: The Credits and Debits of British Rule in India: Dadabhai Naoroji: Speech to a London Audience, 1871

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Source 18.5: Gandhi on Modern Civilization: Mahatma Gandhi:　Indian Home Rule, 1909　　

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Great Indian Rebellion

Voice 18.1: Stanley Wolpert on British Innovations and Indian Grievances, From India, 1965

Voice 18.2: D. R. SarDesai on the Greased Cartridges Incident, From India: The Definitive History, 2008

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

19. EMPIRES IN COLLISION: EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND EAST ASIA, 1800–1900

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis

The Crisis Within

Western Pressures

The Failure of Conservative Modernization

The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century

"The Sick Man of Europe"

Reform and Its Opponents

Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire

The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power

The Tokugawa Background

American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration

Modernization Japanese-Style

Japan and the World

Reflections: Success and Failure in History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 19

ZOOMING IN: Lin Zexu: Confronting the Opium Trade

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: China: On the Brink of Change

Source 19.1 Toward a Constitutional Monarchy: Kang Youwei, An Appeal to Emperor Guangxu, 1898

Quiz for Source 19.1 LaunchPad

Source 19.2 Resistance to Change: Conservative Reactions after the Sino-Japanese War, late 19th/early 20th century

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Source 19.3 Gender, Reform, and Revolution: Qiu Jin, Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen, 1904

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Source 19.4 Cutting the Queue: The Modernization of China, 1911

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Source 19.5 Toward Revolution: Wang Jingwei, We Want a Republic, Not a Constitutional Monarchy, April 25, 1910

Quiz for Source 19.5 LaunchPad

Source 19.6 The Chinese Revolution of 1911: About the Insurrectional Movement in China, 1911

Quiz for Source 19.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895

Voice 19.1 David and Yurong Atwill on the Significance of the War for China, from Sources in Chinese History, 2010

Voice 19.2 James L. Huffman on the Significance of the War for Japan, from Japan in World History, 2010

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

19. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Japan and the West in the Nineteenth Century

Source 19.1: Continuing Japanese Isolation: An Edict of Expulsion, 1825

Quiz for Source 19.1 LaunchPad

Source 19.2: The Debate: Expel the Barbarians: Tokugawa Nariaki: Memorial on the American Demand for a Treaty, 1853

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Source 19.3: The Debate: A Sumo Wrestler and a Foreigner: Yoshiku Utagawa: Throwing a Frenchman, 1861

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Source 19.4: The Debate: Eastern Ethics and Western Science: Sakuma Shozan:　Reflections on My Errors, mid-1850s

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Source 19.5: Westernization: Toyohara Chikanobu: Women and Westernization, 1887

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Source 19.6: A Critique of Westernization: Honda Kinkichiro: Critique of Wholesale Westernization, 1879

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Source 19.7: War and Empire: Chomatsu Tomisato: Japan, Triumphant, 1904

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Source 19.8: Japan in the Early Twentieth Century: Okuma Shigenobu:　Fifty Years of New Japan, 1907–1908

Quiz for Source 19.8 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Explaining Japan’s Transformation

Voice 19.1: James Huffman on Japan’s Historical Legacy and Its Meiji Leaders, From Japan in World History, 2010

Voice 19.2: James L. McClain on the International Context of Japan’s Transformation, From A Modern History of Japan, 2002

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

PART 6 The Long Twentieth Century, 1900–present

THE BIG QUESTION The Long Twentieth Century: A New Period in World History?

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1900–present)

20. MILESTONES OF THE PAST CENTURY: WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1900–1950

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

The First World War: A European Crisis with a Global Impact, 1914–1918

Origins: The Beginnings of the Great War

Outcomes: Legacies of the Great War

The Russian Revolution and Soviet Communism

Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression

Democracy Denied: The Authoritarian Alternative

European Fascism

Hitler and the Nazis

Japanese Authoritarianism

A Second World War, 1937–1945

The Road to War in Asia

The Road to War in Europe

Consequences: The Outcomes of a Second Global Conflict

Communist Consolidation and Expansion: The Chinese Revolution

Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 20

ZOOMING IN: Hiroshima

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Ideologies of the Axis Powers

Source 20.1 Italian Fascism: Creating a New Roman Empire: School Exercise Book Celebrating Italy’s Victory over Ethiopia, 1937

Quiz for Source 20.1 LaunchPad

Source 20.2 Hitler on Nazism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), 1925–1926

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Source 20.3 Nazi Anti-Semitism: H. Schluter, Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew), 1937

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Source 20.4 The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan, 1937

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Source 20.5 Japanese Imperialism: Japanese Propaganda Poster of Manchuria under Japanese Occupation, 1933

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Anti-Semitism

Voice 20.1 Beth A. Griech-Polelle on Anti-Semitism Creating "Otherness," from Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, 2017

Voice 20.2 Daniel Goldhagen on the Uniqueness of German Anti-Semitism, from Hitler’s Willing Executioners, 1997

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

20. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Experiencing World War I

Source 20.1: Experiences on the Battlefront

Julian Grenfell: Letter from a British Officer in the Trenches, November 18, 1914

John Nash:　Painting: Over the Top, 1918

Hugo Mueller: Letter from a German Soldier on the Western Front, 1915

Behari Lal: Letter from a Soldier in the British Indian Army, 1917

Quiz for Source 20.1 LaunchPad

Source 20.2: On the Home Front

British Propaganda Poster: Women of Britain Say –– "Go!," 1915

Ivor Novello: Keep the Home Fires Burning, 1915

Editha von Krell: Recollections of Four Months Working in a German Munitions Factory, 1917

Berlin Police Reports, 1915

Quiz for Source 20.2 LaunchPad

Source 20.3: In the Aftermath of the Great War

Otto Dix: Painting: Prague Street, 1920

Erich Maria Remarque: All Quiet on the Western Front, 1929

Nar Diouf: A Senegalese Veteran’s Oral Testimony, 1919

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacies of World War I

Voice 20.1: John Keegan on the Legacies of World War I, From The First World War, 2000

Voice 20.2: Peter Frankopan on World War I and the Decline of Empire, From The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, 2015

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21. MILESTONES OF THE PAST CENTURY: A CHANGING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE, 1950–PRESENT

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Recovering from the War

Communism Chinese-Style

Building a Modern Society

Eliminating Enemies

East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War

Military Conflict and the Cold War

Nuclear Standoff and Third-World Rivalry

The Cold War and the Superpowers

Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence

The End of Empire in World History

Toward Independence in Asia and Africa

After Freedom

The End of the Communist Era

Beyond Mao in China

The Collapse of the Soviet Union

After Communism

Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 21

ZOOMING IN: The Cuban Revolution

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LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Mao’s China

Source 21.1 Revolution in Long Bow Village: William Hinton, Confronting Landlords and Husbands, 1948

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Source 21.2 A Vision of the New China: Poster "Work Hard for a New Age," 1970s

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Source 21.3 Socialism in the Countryside

Mao Zedong, On Communes, 1958

Socialism in the Countryside: Poster "The People’s Communes Are Good," 1958

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Source 21.4 Women, Nature, and Industrialization: Poster "Women Hold Up Half of Heaven," 1970

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Source 21.5 The Cult of Mao: Poster "Chairman Mao and Us Together," 1968

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Source 21.6 Experiencing the Cultural Revolution: Gao Yuan, Born Red, 1987

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing Mao

Voice 21.1 Maurice Meisner on Mao, Modernization, and Socialism, from Mao’s China and After, 1999

Voice 21.2 Frank Dikotter on Mao’s Great Famine, from Mao’s Great Famine, 2011

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Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

21. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Articulating Independence

Source 21.1: Declaring Vietnam’s Independence: Ho Chi Minh: Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, September 2, 1945

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Source 21.2: An Image of Vietnam’s Independence: Fifty Years Later: Fiftieth Anniversary of Vietnamese Independence, 1995

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Source 21.3: India’s "Tryst with Destiny": Jawaharlal Nehru: Independence Day Speech, August 14, 1947

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Source 21.4: Another View of India’s Struggle for Independence: Gandhi and the Fight against British Colonialism, 1930-1931

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Source 21.5: One Africa: Kwame Nkrumah: Africa Must Unite, 1963

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Source 21.6: South African "Independence": Photograph of the First Post-Apartheid South African Election, 1994

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Source 21.7: Independence as Threat: Alvim Pereira: Ten Principles, 1961

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing African Independence

Voice 21.1: Basil Davidson on the Promise of Independence, From Let Freedom Come, 1978

Voice 21.2: George Ayittey on the Betrayal of Independence, From Africa Betrayed, 1992

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22. GLOBAL PROCESSES: TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY, 1900–PRESENT

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Technology: The Acceleration of Innovation

Generating Energy: Fossil Fuel Breakthroughs

Harnessing Energy: Transportation Breakthroughs

Harnessing Energy: Communication and Information Breakthroughs

Harnessing Energy: Military Breakthroughs

The Global Economy: The Acceleration of Entanglement

The Globalization of Industrialization: Development in the Global South

Re-globalization: Deepening Economic Connections

Growth, Instability, and Inequality

Pushback: Resistance to Economic Globalization

Producing and Consuming: The Shapes of Modern Societies

Life on the Land: The Decline of the Peasantry

The Changing Lives of Industrial Workers

The Service Sector and the Informal Economy

Global Middle Classes and Life at the Top

Getting Personal: Transformations of Private Life

Modernity and Personal Life

The State and Personal Life

Feminism and Personal Life

Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 22

CONTROVERSIES: Debating Globalization

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ZOOMING IN: Anna Dubova, a Russian Woman, and the Soviet State

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LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Global Feminism

Source 22.1 Western Feminism in the Twenty-First Century

A Slutwalk Protest in London, 2012

A Demonstration for Women Workers’ Rights in Toulouse, France, 2017

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Source 22.2 Black American Feminism: Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977

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Source 22.3 Communist Feminism: Soviet Poster Advertising Support for Women Workers, 1949

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Source 22.4 Islamic Feminism: Benazir Bhutto, Politics and the Muslim Woman, 1995

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Source 22.5 Mexican Zapatista Feminists

Indigenous Women’s Petition, March 1, 1994

The Women’s Revolutionary Law, January 1, 1994

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Feminism: Tensions and Resistance

Voice 22.1 Merry Wiesner-Hanks on International Feminism, from Gender in History: Global Perspectives, 2011

Voice 22.2 Peter Stearns on Resistance to Global Feminism, from Gender in World History, 2015

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Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

22. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Reflections on Technology

Source 22.1: Postcards of the Future: A French Artist Imagines Technological Change: Air Battles and Air Freight in the Future, 1910; The Horse as a Curiosity, 1910; The School of the Future, 1910; A Video-Telephone in the Year 2000, 1910

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Source 22.2: Depicting Communist Technology: Soviet Industry and Technology, 1933

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Source 22.3: Nehru and Gandhi on Technology and Industry: Nehru, The Discovery of India, 1946

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Source 22.4: "Technology with a Human Face": E. F. Schumacher, Small is Beautiful, 1973

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Source 22.5: Nuclear Technology and Fears of a Nuclear Holocaust

"The Climatic Effects of Nuclear War," 1984

Jonathan Schell, The Fate of the Earth, 1982 　　

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Source 22.6: Technology and Climate Change

Piers Forster, Reversing Climate Change… Technologically, 2014

Jeffrey T. Kiehl, Facing Climate Change, 2016

José Ramos-Horta and Mohamed Nasheed: "Climate Change a Western Problem: Not Anymore," 2014

Quiz for Source 22.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Technological Change in the Twentieth Century

Voice 22.1: Trevor Williams on the Impacts of Technology in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, From A Short History of Twentieth-Century Technology c. 1900-c. 1950, 1982

Voice 22.2: J.R. McNeill on Challenges Overcome and Challenges Created in the Twentieth Century, From Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World, 2000

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23. GLOBAL PROCESSES: DEMOGRAPHY, CULTURE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 1900–PRESENT

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

More People: Quadrupling Human Numbers

People in Motion: Patterns of Migration

To the Cities: Global Urbanization

Moving Abroad: Long-Distance Migration

Microbes in Motion: Disease and Recent History

Cultural Identity in an Entangled World

Race, Nation, and Ethnicity

Popular Culture on the Move

Religion and Global Modernity

Humankind and the Environment: Entering the Anthropocene Era

The Global Environment Transformed

Changing the Climate

Protecting the Planet: The Rise of Environmentalism

Reflections: World History and the Making of Meaning

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study

Landmarks for Chapter 23

ZOOMING IN: Barbie and Her Competitors in the Muslim World

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Contending for Islam

Source 23.1 A Secular State for an Islamic Society: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Speech to the General Congress of the Republican Party, 1927

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Source 23.2 Toward an Islamic Society: The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light, 1936

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Source 23.3 Two Images of Islamic Radicalism

The Violent Face of Islamic Radicalism, 2015

The Peaceful Face of Islamic Radicalism, 2015

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Source 23.4 The Sufi Alternative: Narendra Modi, Sufism and Islamic Radicalism, 2016

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Source 23.5 Progressive Islam: Kabir Helminski, Islam and Human Values, 2009

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Source 23.6 Debating the Burqa: Protests in London against French Ban of Face Concealment, 2011

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Perspectives on the Iranian Revolution

Voice 23.1 Francis Robinson on Islamic Renewal Movements, from The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, 1996

Voice 23.2 John Esposito on the Source of the Iranian Revolution, from The Oxford History of Islam, 1999

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Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

23. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Experiencing International Migration

Source 23.1: Hana in Holland: Hana, Adapting to Holland,　2016

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Source 23.2: Ayaan Hirsi Ali in Holland: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, "From a Letter to My Grandmother," 2010

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Source 23.3: Left Behind in Morocco: Poem by a Moroccan Woman, 1978

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Source 23.4: Brain Drain: J. Nozipo Maraire, Zenzele: A Letter for My Daughter,　1996

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Source 23.5: The Politics of Immigration: A Cautious Welcome in Europe: Chancellor Angela Merkel, Speech to the European Parliament, October 7, 2015

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Source 23.6: The Politics of Immigration: Resentment and Resistance in Europe: Geert Wilders,　Speech at the 'Europe of Nations and Freedom' Conference,　2017

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Source 23.7: From the Holocaust to Israel: Fund-Raising POster from Israel, 1950

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Source 23.8: The Palestinian Diaspora: "The Catastrophe" Memorialized, 2015

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Immigration to the United States and Europe

Voice 23.1: Konrad Jarausch on Europe’s Shift from Emigration to Immigration, From Out of Ashes: A New History of Europe in the Twentieth Century, 2015

Voice 23.2: Tobias Brinkmann and Annemarie Sammartino on American and German Attitudes towards Immigration, From The United States and Germany during the Twentieth Century: Competition and Convergence, 2010

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