Ways of the World with Sources, Combined Volume

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-12.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 12-23.

NOTE: Achieve for Ways of the World 5e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, study and writing skills tutorials, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Working with Primary Sources
Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History

 

PART 1 First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 600 b.c.e.

THE BIG PICTURE Turning Points in Early World History

The Emergence of Humankind

The Globalization of Humankind

The Revolution of Farming and Herding

The Turning Point of Civilization

Time and World History

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (to ca. 600 b.c.e.)

 

1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, to 3500 B.C.E.

Out of Africa: First Migrations

Into Eurasia

Into Australia

Into the Americas

Into the Pacific

Paleolithic Lifeways

The First Human Societies

Economy and the Environment

The Realm of the Spirit

Settling Down: The Great Transition

Breakthroughs to Agriculture

Common Patterns

Variations

The Globalization of Agriculture

Triumph and Resistance

The Culture of Agriculture

Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture

Pastoral Societies

Agricultural Village Societies

Chiefdoms

Conclusions and Reflections: History before Civilization

Revisiting Chapter 1

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 1

CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Timescales of History

ZOOMING IN: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before Agriculture

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Australian Dreamtime

Source 1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century

Source 1.2 The Rainbow Serpent: The Rainbow Serpent Awakens, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century

Source 1.3 Explaining the World in Aboriginal Rock Art: Namondjok and the Lightning Man

Source 1.4 Understanding the Significance of Animals: The Platypus, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century

Source 1.5 Hunting in Aboriginal Rock Art: Aboriginal Hunters

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Australian Aboriginal Culture

Voice 1.1 Dale Kerwin on the Economic and Social Life of Aboriginal Australians, from Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes, 2012

Voice 1.2 Barbara West on Aboriginal Dreamtime Cosmology, from A Brief History of Australia, 2010

 

2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–600 B.C.E.

Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations

Introducing the First Civilizations

The Question of Origins

An Urban Revolution

The Erosion of Equality

Hierarchies of Class

Hierarchies of Gender

Patriarchy in Practice

The Rise of the State

Coercion and Consent

Writing and Accounting

The Grandeur of Kings

Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt

Environment and Culture

Cities and States

Interaction and Exchange

Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering "Civilization"

Revisiting Chapter 2

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 2

ZOOMING IN: Caral, a City of Norte Chico

THEN AND NOW: Patriarchy

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Indus Valley Civilization

Source 2.1 Cityscape of Mohenjo Daro: Wall Painting of Mohenjo Daro Reconstruction, 20th century

Source 2.2 A Seal from the Indus Valley: A Humped Cattle Seal from Mohenjo Daro, 19th century b.c.e.

Source 2.3 Man from Mohenjo Daro: Statue of an Elite Man, 3rd millennium b.c.e.

Source 2.4 Cart and Oxen from Monhenjo Daro: Stone Model of a Cart Pulled by Two Oxen, ca. 2400 b.c.e.

Source 2.5 Dancing Girl: An Indus Valley Girl, ca. 2500 b.c.e.

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The State . . . or Its Absence . . . in the Indus Valley

Voice 2.1 Gregory Possehl on Indus Valley Civilization in Context, from The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, 2002

Voice 2.2 Jonathan Kenoyer on Political Life in the Indus Valley, from Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, 1998

 

PART 2 Continuity and Change in the Second-Wave Era, 600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.

THE BIG PICTURE The Globalization of Civilization

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.)

 

3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.

Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks

The Persian Empire

The Greeks

Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars

Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era

Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese

Rome: From City-State to Empire

China: From Warring States to Empire

Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires

The Collapse of Empires

Intermittent Empire: The Case of India

Conclusions and Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires

Revisiting Chapter 3

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 3

ZOOMING IN: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient World

Source 3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia: Herodotus, The Histories, mid-5th century b.c.e.

Source 3.2 A Greek Goldsmith Depicts the Scythians: Scythian Cup, Crimea, 4th century b.c.e.

Source 3.3 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, 1st century c.e.

Source 3.4 A Roman Depiction of Sarmatians: Scene from Trajan’s Column, Rome, 107–113 c.e.

Source 3.5 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 b.c.e.

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Sources on Foreign Cultures

Voice 3.1 Stephen Gosch and Peter Stearns on Travelers’ Accounts as Historical Sources, from Premodern Travel in World History, 2008

Voice 3.2 Jerry Bentley on the Idea of "Barbarian," from Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times, 1993

 

4. CULTURE AND RELIGION IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.

China and the Search for Order

The Legalist Answer

The Confucian Answer

The Daoist Answer

Cultural Traditions of Classical India

South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation

The Buddhist Challenge

Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion

Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East

Zoroastrianism

Judaism

The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order

The Greek Way of Knowing

The Greek Legacy

The Birth of Christianity . . . with Buddhist Comparisons

The Lives of the Founders

The Spread of New Religions

Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions

Conclusions and Reflections: Religion and Historians

Revisiting Chapter 4

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 4

ZOOMING IN: Perpetua, Christian Martyr

CONTROVERSIES: Debating Religion and the Axial Age

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Representations of the Buddha

Source 4.1 A Greco-Indian Buddha: The Temptation of the Buddha, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.

Source 4.2 A Classical Indian Buddha: An Indian Buddha, 6th century c.e.

Source 4.3 The Reputation of the Buddha in Ancient Buddhist Stories: The Greater Discourse to Sakuludayin, ca. 1st century b.c.e.

Source 4.4 A Korean Bodhisattva of Compassion: A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms

Source 4.5 The Buddha and the Outcast: Sunita the Outcaste

Source 4.6 A Chinese Buddha: The Chinese Maitreya Buddha, 10th to 14th century c.e.

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On the Buddha

Voice 4.1 John Strong on the Context of the Buddha’s Life, from The Buddha: A Short Biography, 2001

Voice 4.2 Karen Armstrong on the Buddha and Biography, from Buddha, 2001

 

5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.

Society and the State in China

An Elite of Officials

The Landlord Class

Peasants

Merchants

Class and Caste in India

Caste as Varna

Caste as Jati

The Functions of Caste

Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire

Slavery and Civilization

The Making of Roman Slavery

Comparing Patriarchies

A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China

Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta

Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering Inequality

Revisiting Chapter 5

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 5

ZOOMING IN: The Spartacus Slave Revolt

THEN AND NOW: Slavery

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World

Source 5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife: An Elite Couple of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.

Source 5.2 A Pompeii Banquet: A Dinner with Friends, 1st century c.e.

Source 5.3 From a Pompeii Tavern: An Evening Out at a Pompeii Bar, 1st century c.e.

Source 5.4 The Graffiti and Inscriptions of Pompeii: The Grafitti of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.

Source 5.5 Household Religion in Pompeii: A Household Shrine from Pompeii, 1st century c.e.

Source 5.6 Mystery Religion in Pompeii: An Initiation Ritual, 1st century c.e.

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Pompeii

Voice 5.1 Mary Beard on the Artifacts of Pompeii, from "Pompeii Exhibition," 2017

Voice 5.2 Andrew Wilson and Miko Flohr on the Economy of Pompeii, from The Economy of Pompeii, 2017

 

6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA, 600 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.

Continental Comparisons

Civilizations of Africa

Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization

Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom

Along the Niger River: Cities without States

Civilizations of Mesoamerica

The Maya: Writing and Warfare

Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City

Civilizations of the Andes

Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement

Moche: A Civilization of the Coast

Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior

Alternatives to Civilization

Bantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social Variation

North America: Ancestral Pueblo and Mound Builders

Pacific Oceania: Peoples of the Sea

Conclusions and Reflections: One History...or Many?

Revisiting Chapter 6

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 6

ZOOMING IN: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of Cao

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Axum and the World

Source 6.1 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.

Source 6.2 The Columns of Axum: An Axumite Monument, late 3rd or early 4th century c.e

Source 6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, late 4th century c.e.

Source 6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Gold Trade of Axum, 6th century c.e.

Source 6.5 Axum Gold Coin: A "Christian Coin" from Axum

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian Axum

Voice 6.1 Erik Gilbert and Jonathan Reynolds on the Transregional Nature of Early Christianity, from African World History, 2004

Voice 6.2 Christopher Ehret on the Role of Trade in the Coming of Christianity to Axum, from The Civilizations of Africa, 2002

 

PART 3 Civilizations and Encounters during the Third-Wave Era, 600–1450

THE BIG PICTURE Patterns and Processes of the Third-Wave Era

Third-Wave Civilizations

The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600–1450)

 

7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 600–1450

Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia

The Growth of the Silk Roads

Goods in Transit

Cultures in Transit

Diseases in Transit

Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean

Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World

Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia

Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa

Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara

Commercial Beginnings in West Africa

Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa

An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere

Conclusions and Reflections: Globalization — Ancient and Modern

Revisiting Chapter 4

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 7

ZOOMING IN: The Arabian Camel

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Travelers’ Tales and Observations

Source 7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India: Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, 7th century c.e.

Source 7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299

Source 7.3 A European Artist Depicts Asia: The Marvelous Races of the East, ca. 1410

Source 7.4 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa, 1526

Source 7.5 A Korean World Map: The Honkōji Copy of the Kangnido Map, Korea, 15th century

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Travel Writers

Voice 7.1 John Larner on Whether Polo Really Traveled to China, from Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, 1999

Voice 7.2 Natalie Zemon Davis on Leo Africanus’s Audiences, from Trickster Travels: A Sixteenth-Century Muslim between Worlds, 2006

 

8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1300

Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China

A Golden Age of Chinese Achievement

Women in the Song Dynasty

China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making

The Tribute System in Theory

The Tribute System in Practice

Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier

Interacting with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan

Korea and China

Vietnam and China

Japan and China

China and the Eurasian World Economy

Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia

On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary

China and Buddhism

Making Buddhism Chinese

Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism

Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering Change in China

Revisiting Chapter 8

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 8

ZOOMING IN: Gunpowder

THEN AND NOW: China and the World

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Society during China’s Golden Age

Source 8.1 Becoming a Scholar-Official

Po Chu-I, After Passing the Examination, ca. 800

Po Chu-I, Escorting Candidates to the Examination Hall, 805

Source 8.2 Scholar-Officials and the Emperor: Scholars Gathering in a Bamboo Garden, 12th century

Source 8.3 Life in the Fields

Po Chu-I, Watching the Reapers, 806

Du Fu, A Song of War Chariots, 8th century

Source 8.4 City Life in Art: Zhang Zeduan, Along the River during the Qingming Festival, 12th century

Source 8.5 Family and Society: Yan Zhitui, Family Instructions, 6th century

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Economy and Society in Golden Age China

Voice 8.1 Morris Rossabi on the Place of Merchants in Chinese Society from A History of China, 2014

Voice 8.2 Valerie Hansen on the Social Implications of the Commercializing Economy from The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World - and Globalization Began, 2020

 

9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1450

The Birth of a New Religion

The Homeland of Islam

The Messenger and the Message

The Transformation of Arabia

The Making of an Arab Muslim Empire

War, Conquest, and Tolerance

Conversion

Divisions and Controversies

Women and Men in Early Islam

Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison

The Case of India

The Case of Anatolia

The Case of West Africa

The Case of Spain

The World of Islam as a New Civilization

Networks of Faith

Networks of Exchange

Conclusions and Reflections: The Islamic World and the Uses of History

Revisiting Chapter 9

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 9

ZOOMING IN: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of Islam

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Cultural Encounters in Muslim Spain

Source 9.1 Conquest

Anonymous Christian Chronicle, 754

The Peace Treaty of Tudmïr, 713

Source 9.2 Islam in the Urban Landscape: Prayer Hall, the Great Mosque of Cordoba, ca. 800

Source 9.3 Arabic Culture and the Christian Community: Paul Alvarus, On Christian Youths, 9th century

Source 9.4 Regulating Interfaith Interactions: Ibn ‘Abdūn, Handbook for Market Inspectors, early 12th century

Source 9.5 Depicting Social Interactions between Muslims and Christians: Playing Chess, 1283

Source 9.6 The Expulsion of Muslims from Christian Spain: Queen Isabella, Royal Edict of Expulsion, 1502

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Religious Tolerance in Muslim Spain

Voice 9.1 Bernard Lewis on "Second-Class Citizenship," From The Jews of Islam, 1984

Voice 9.2 David Levering Lewis on Religious Tolerance in Ninth Century Spain, 2008

 

10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 600–1450

Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa

Asian Christianity

African Christianity

Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past

The Byzantine State

The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence

Byzantium and the World

The Conversion of Russia

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse

Political Life in Western Europe

Society and the Church

Accelerating Change in the West

Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition

The West in Comparative Perspective

Catching Up

Pluralism in Politics

Reason and Faith

Conclusions and Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting

Revisiting Chapter 10

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 10

ZOOMING IN: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried Woman

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Remaking of Western Europe

Source 10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, late 6th Century

Source 10.2 Advice on Dealing with "Pagans": Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601

Source 10.3 Pagan Art and Christian Texts: Lindisfarne Gospel, 698–721

Source 10.4 Germanic Law: Burgundian Code, ca. 474 c.e.

Source 10.5 Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel: Aachen Palace Chapel, completed 805 c.e.

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Rome

Voice 10.1 Blockmans and Hoppenbrouwers on the End of Roman Civilization, from Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500, 2014

Voice 10.2 Cunliffe on Charlemagne, from Europe between the Oceans, 9000 BC–AD 1000, 2008

 

11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1450

The Long History of Pastoral Peoples

The World of Pastoral Societies

Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History

Breakout: The Mongol Empire

From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire

Explaining the Mongol Moment

Encountering the Mongols in China, Persia, and Russia

China and the Mongols

Persia and the Mongols

Russia and the Mongols

The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network

Toward a World Economy

Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale

Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm

The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic

Conclusions and Reflections: Historians, Bias, and the Mongols

Revisiting Chapter 11

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 11

ZOOMING IN: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of Japan

CONTROVERSIES: Debating Empires

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of the Mongols

Source 11.1 The Self-Perception of Mongol Rulers

Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219

The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240

Source 11.2 Picturing Khubilai Khan

Liu Guandao, Khubilai on a Hunt, 1280

Marco Polo and Khubilai Khan, 15th century

Khubilai Khan in Council with His Courtiers and Scribes, 1590

Source 11.3 A Persian View of the Conquest of Bukhara: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 1219

Source 11.4 A European View of Mongol Life: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Mongol Impact

Voice 11.1 Jack Weatherford on the Mongols in World History, from Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, 2004

Voice 11.2 Paul S. Ropp on the Mongol Impact on China’s Economy, from China in World History, 2010

 

12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY

Societies and Cultures of the Fifteenth Century

Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America

Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois

Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe

Ming Dynasty China

European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal

European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World

In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires

On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas

The Aztec Empire

The Inca Empire

Webs of Connection

After 1500: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era

Conclusions and Reflections: Perspectives on Turning Points

Revisiting Chapter 12

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 12

ZOOMING IN: 1453 in Constantinople

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Islam and Renaissance Europe

Source 12.1 Portrait of Mehmed II: Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II, ca. 1479

Source 12.2 Machiavelli on the Turkish State: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513

Source 12.3 Venetian Trade in the Middle East: The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus, 1511

Source 12.4 Greek and Islamic Philosophers in Renaissance Art: Girolamo de Cremona, Aristotle and Averroes, 1483

Source 12.5 A Papal Call for Crusade: Pope Clement VI, Call for Crusade, September 30, 1343

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian/Muslim Relations during the Renaissance

Voice 12.1 Jerry Brotton on the Role of Cross-cultural Exchange in the European Renaissance, from The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo, 2002

Voice 12.2 Bernard Lewis on Hostility between Christians and Muslims, from Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery, 1995

 

PART 4 The Early Modern World, 1450–1750

THE BIG PICTURE Toward Modernity . . . or Not?

Sprouts of Modernity?

Continuing Older Patterns?

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1450–1750)

 

13. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS: EMPIRES AND ENCOUNTERS, 1450–1750

European Empires in the Americas

The European Advantage

The Great Dying and the Little Ice Age

The Columbian Exchange

Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas

In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas

Colonies of Sugar

Settler Colonies in North America

The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire

Experiencing the Russian Empire

Russians and Empire

Asian Empires

Making China an Empire

Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire

Muslims and Christians in the Ottoman Empire

Conclusions and Reflections: The Importance of Context

Revisiting Chapter 13

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 13

ZOOMING IN: Doña Marina: Between Two Worlds

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: State Building in the Early Modern Era

Source 13.1 The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs, 1605–1627

Source 13.2 The Palace of an Ottoman Emperor: A Reception at the Court of Selim III, late 18th Century

Source 13.3 French State Building and Louis XIV

Louis XIV, Memoirs, 1670

Louis XIV in Costume, 1653

Source 13.4 An Outsider’s View of the Inca Empire: Pedro de Cieza de León, Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550

Source 13.5 The Temple of Heaven: Beijing, China: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, ca. 1420

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Modern Rulers

Voice 13.1 Charles Parker on Emperor Kangxi of China and Louis XIV of France, from Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800, 2010

Voice 13.2 John Darwin on Emperor Akbar’s Public Image, from After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires 1400–2000, 2008

 

14. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS: COMMERCE AND CONSEQUENCE, 1450–1750

Europeans and Asian Commerce

A Portuguese Empire of Commerce

Spain and the Philippines

The East India Companies

Asians and Asian Commerce

Silver and Global Commerce

"The World Hunt": Fur in Global Commerce

Commerce in People: The Transatlantic Slave System

The Slave Trade in Context

The Slave Trade in Practice

Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa

Conclusions and Reflections: Global Trade and Moral Complexity

Revisiting Chapter 14

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 14

ZOOMING IN: Ayuba Suleiman Diallo: To Slavery and Back

CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Atlantic World

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Consumption and Culture in the Early Modern World

Source 14.1 Clothing and Status in the Americas: Miguel Cabrera, Detail from a Series on Multiracial Marriages in Mexico, 1763

Source 14.2 Regulating Dress in Europe and Japan

Venetian Law REgulating Dress, 1511

Ihara Saikaku, The Japanese Family Storehouse, 1688

Source 14.3 Tea and Porcelain in Europe: Image of Tea Drinking and Chinese Porcelain Cups, 18th century

Source 14.4 A Critical View of Coffeehouses in the Ottoman Empire: Mustafa Ali, Description of Cairo, 1599

Source 14.5 An Ottoman Coffeehouse: A Gathering of Turkish Men at an Ottoman Coffeehouse, 16th century

Source 14.6 Coffeehouse Culture in England: Thomas Jordan, News from the Coffee-house, 1667

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Consumer Culture in the Early Modern World

Voice 14.1 Frank Trentmann on Consumer Culture in the Netherlands and Britain,From Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, from the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First, 2016

Voice 14.2 Anne Gerritsen and Giorgio Riello on the Impacts of Global Consumption and Exchange, From The European World 1500-1800: An Introduction to Early Modern History, 2018

 

15. CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS: RELIGION AND SCIENCE, 1450–1750

The Globalization of Christianity

Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation

Christianity Outward Bound

Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America

An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits

Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions

Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World

China: New Directions in an Old Tradition

India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide

A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science

The Question of Origins

Science as Cultural Revolution

Science and Enlightenment

European Science beyond the West

Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century and Beyond

Conclusions and Reflections: Many Ways of Cultural Borrowing

Revisiting Chapter 15

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 15

ZOOMING IN: Galileo and the Telescope: Reflecting on Science and Religion

THEN AND NOW: Science

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Christianity: Becoming a Global Religion

Source 15.1 Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity: La Virgen del Cerro (Virgin Mary of the Mountains), ca. 1740

Source 15.2 Christianity through Maya Eyes: The Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 18th century

Source 15.3 Making Christianity Chinese: Illustration of the Annunciation, ca. 17th century

Source 15.4 The Chinese Rites Controversy

Papal Decree Banning Chinese Rites, 1715

Decree of Emperor Kangxi, 1721

Source 15.5 Christian Art in the Mughal Empire: Unknown Indian Artist, The Holy Family, early 17th century

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Missions in Mesoamerica and China

Voice 15.1 Merry Wiesner-Hanks on the Virgin of Guadalupe, from A Concise History of the World, 2015

Voice 15.2 Diarmaid MacCulloch on Jesuit Missionary Strategies in China, from Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, 2009

 

PART 5 The European Moment in World History, 1750–1900

THE BIG PICTURE European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1750–1900)

 

16. ATLANTIC REVOLUTIONS, GLOBAL ECHOES, 1750–1900

Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context

Comparing Atlantic Revolutions

The North American Revolution, 1775–1787

The French Revolution, 1789–1815

The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804

Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1825

Echoes of Revolution

The Abolition of Slavery

Nations and Nationalism

Feminist Beginnings

Conclusions and Reflections: Pondering the Outcomes of Revolutions

Revisiting Chapter 16

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 16

ZOOMING IN: Kartini: Feminism and Nationalism in Java

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Opponents of the Atlantic Revolutions

Source 16.1 A New York Clergyman’s Criticism of the Continental Congress: Samuel Seabury, Letter of a Westchester Farmer, 1774

Source 16.2 A British Conservative’s Critique of the Universal Rights of Man: Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790

Source 16.3 An English Cartoon’s Reaction to Revolutionary Violence: Hell Broke Loose, or, The Murder of Louis, 1793

Source 16.4 The French National Assembly and Slavery: Decree and Explanation of the French National Assembly, May 15 and 29, 1791

Source 16.5 Imagining Women’s Suffrage: An Inauguration of the Future, 1897

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: How the French Revolution Went Wrong

Voice 16.1 Tocqueville on the Course of the French Revolution, from The Old Regime and the Revolution, 1856

Voice 16.2 Hippolyte Taine on the Failure of the Early Years of the Revolution and the Rise of the Radical Revolution, from The French Revolution, 1881

 

17. REVOLUTIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1750–1900

Industrialization: The Global Context

The First Industrial Society

The British Aristocracy

The Middle Classes

The Laboring Classes

Social Protest

Europeans in Motion

Variations on a Theme: Industrialization in the United States and Russia

The United States: Industrialization without Socialism

Russia: Industrialization and Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

After Independence in Latin America

Facing the World Economy

Becoming like Europe?

Conclusions and Reflections: Reflecting on the Industrial Revolution

Revisiting Chapter 17

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 17

CONTROVERSIES: Debating "Why Europe?"

ZOOMING IN: The English Luddites and Machine Breaking

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Socialist Vision and Its Enemies

Source 17.1 Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848

Source 17.2 Socialism without Revolution: Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism, 1899

Source 17.3 Socialist Perspectives in Art: The Present and the Future

Industrial Workers of the World, A Pyramid of Capitalist Society, 1911

Manifest of International Trade Union Congress, 1896

Source 17.4 Socialism in Song: Eugène Pottier, The Internationale, 1871

Source 17.5 British Poster Depicting the Socialist Threat: Conservative Party, Socialism Throttling the Country, 1909

Source 17.6 Outlawing Socialism in Germany: Law against the Publicly Dangerous Endeavors of Social Democracy, 1878

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Karl Marx in the Twenty-First Century

Voice 17.1 Allan Todd on Marx and Current History, from The Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia, 2016

Voice 17.2 Terry Eagleton on the Continuing Relevance of Marx, from Why Marx Was Right, 2011

 

18. COLONIAL ENCOUNTERS IN ASIA, AFRICA, AND OCEANIA, 1750–1950

Industry and Empire

A Second Wave of European Conquests

Under European Rule

Cooperation and Rebellion

Colonial Empires with a Difference

Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies

Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State

Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market

Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work

Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa

Assessing Colonial Development

Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change

Education

Religion

"Race" and "Tribe"

Conclusions and Reflections: Who Makes History?

Revisiting Chapter 18

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 18

ZOOMING IN: Vivekananda, a Hindu Monk in America

THEN AND NOW: Imperialism

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Colonial Conquest: The Scramble for Africa

Source 18.1 Competition and Conquest: Charles Tichon, Commandant Marchand across Africa, 1900

Source 18.2 "Pacification" in East Africa: Richard Meinertzhagen, A Small Slaughter, 1902

Source 18.3 From Cape to Cairo: The Rhodes Colossus, 1892

Source 18.4 Ethiopia and the Scramble for Africa

Menelik II, Letter to the European Great Powers, 1891

Menelik II, Mobilization Proclamation, 1895

Source 18.5 Empire Building in North Africa: British and French in North Africa, ca. 1910

Source 18.6 An African American Voice on the Scramble for Africa: W. E. B. DuBois, The African Roots of War, 1915

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Invasion of Africa

Voice 18.1 Thomas Pakenham on European Motivations, from The Scramble for Africa, 1992

Voice 18.2 A. Adu Boahen on African Strategies, from African Perspectives on Colonialism, 1987

 

19. EMPIRES IN COLLISION: EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND EAST ASIA, 1800–1900

Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis

The Crisis Within

Western Pressures

The Failure of Conservative Modernization

The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century

"The Sick Man of Europe"

Reform and Its Opponents

Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire

The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power

The Tokugawa Background

American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration

Modernization Japanese-Style

Japan and the World

Conclusions and Reflections: Success and Failure in History

Revisiting Chapter 19

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 19

ZOOMING IN: Lin Zexu: Confronting the Opium Trade

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: China: On the Brink of Change

Source 19.1 Toward a Constitutional Monarchy: Kang Youwei, An Appeal to Emperor Guangxu, 1898

Source 19.2 Resistance to Change: Conservative Reactions after the Sino-Japanese War, late 19th-early 20th century

Source 19.3 Gender, Reform, and Revolution: Qiu Jin, Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen, 1904

Source 19.4 Cutting the Queue: The Modernization of China, 1911

Source 19.5 Toward Revolution: Wang Jingwei, We Want a Republic, Not a Constitutional Monarchy, April 25, 1910

Source 19.6 The Chinese Revolution of 1911: About the Insurrectional Movement in China, 1911

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895

Voice 19.1 David and Yurong Atwill on the Significance of the War for China, from Sources in Chinese History, 2010

Voice 19.2 James L. Huffman on the Significance of the War for Japan, from Japan in World History, 2010

 

PART 6 The Long Twentieth Century, 1900–present

THE BIG PICTURE The Long Twentieth Century: A New Period in World History?

LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1900–present)

 

20. WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1900–1950

The First World War: A European Crisis with a Global Impact, 1914–1918

Origins: The Beginnings of the Great War

Outcomes: Legacies of the Great War

The Russian Revolution and Soviet Communism

Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression

Democracy Denied: The Authoritarian Alternative

European Fascism

Hitler and the Nazis

Japanese Authoritarianism

A Second World War, 1937–1945

The Road to War in Asia

The Road to War in Europe

Consequences: The Outcomes of a Second Global Conflict

Communist Consolidation and Expansion: The Chinese Revolution

Conclusions and Reflections: Historical Intersections and Their Implications

Revisiting Chapter 20

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 20

ZOOMING IN: Hiroshima

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Ideologies of the Axis Powers

Source 20.1 Italian Fascism: Creating a New Roman Empire: School Exercise Book Celebrating Italy’s Victory over Ethiopia, 1937

Source 20.2 Hitler on Nazism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), 1925–1926

Source 20.3 Nazi Anti-Semitism: H. Schluter, Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew), 1937

Source 20.4 The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan, 1937

Source 20.5 Japanese Imperialism: Japanese Propaganda Poster of Manchuria under Japanese Occupation, 1933

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Anti-Semitism

Voice 20.1 Beth A. Griech-Polelle on Anti-Semitism Creating "Otherness," from Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, 2017

Voice 20.2 Christopher Browning on Why Many Ordinary Germans Tacitly Supported Nazi Anti-Semitic Policies, From The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942, 2004

 

21. A CHANGING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE, 1950–PRESENT

Recovering from the War

Communism Chinese-Style

Building a Modern Society

Eliminating Enemies

East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War

Military Conflict and the Cold War

Nuclear Standoff and Third-World Rivalry

The Cold War and the Superpowers

Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence

The End of Empire in World History

Toward Independence in Asia and Africa

After Freedom

The End of the Communist Era

Beyond Mao in China

The Collapse of the Soviet Union

After Communism

Conclusions and Reflections: Twentieth-Century Communism

Revisiting Chapter 21

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 21

ZOOMING IN: Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Mao’s China

Source 21.1 Revolution in Long Bow Village: William Hinton, Confronting Landlords and Husbands, 1948

Source 21.2 A Vision of the New China: Poster "Work Hard for a New Age," 1970s

Source 21.3 Socialism in the Countryside

Mao Zedong, On Communes, 1958

Poster: "The People’s Communes Are Good," 1958

Source 21.4 Women, Nature, and Industrialization: Poster "Women Hold Up Half of Heaven," 1970

Source 21.5 The Cult of Mao: Poster "Chairman Mao and Us Together," 1968

Source 21.6 Experiencing the Cultural Revolution: Gao Yuan, Born Red, 1987

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing Mao

Voice 21.1 Maurice Meisner on Mao, Modernization, and Socialism, from Mao’s China and After, 1999

Voice 21.2 Frank Dikotter on Mao’s Great Famine, from Mao’s Great Famine, 2011

 

22. GLOBAL PROCESSES: TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY, 1900–PRESENT

Science and Technology: The Acceleration of Innovation

A Second Scientific Revolution

Fossil Fuel Breakthroughs

Transportation Breakthroughs

Communication and Information Breakthroughs

Military Weapons Breakthroughs

The Global Economy: The Acceleration of Entanglement

Industrial Globalization: Development in the Global South

Economic Globalization: Deepening Connections

Growth, Instability, and Inequality

Pushback: Resistance to Economic Globalization

Producing and Consuming: The Shapes of Modern Societies

Life on the Land: The Decline of the Peasantry

The Changing Lives of Industrial Workers

The Service Sector and the Informal Economy

Global Middle Classes and Life at the Top

Getting Personal: Transformations of Private Life

Modernity and Personal Life

The State and Personal Life

Feminism and Personal Life

Conclusions and Reflections: On Contemporary History

Revisiting Chapter 22

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 22

CONTROVERSIES: Debating Globalization

ZOOMING IN: Anna Dubova, a Russian Woman, and the Soviet State

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Global Feminism

Source 22.1 Western Feminism in the Twenty-First Century

A Slutwalk Protest in London, 2012

A Demonstration for Women Workers’ Rights in Toulouse, France, 2017

Source 22.2 Black American Feminism: Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977

Source 22.3 Communist Feminism: Soviet Poster Advertising Support for Women Workers, 1949

Source 22.4 Islamic Feminism: Benazir Bhutto, Politics and the Muslim Woman, 1995

Source 22.5 Mexican Zapatista Feminists

Indigenous Women’s Petition, March 1, 1994

The Women’s Revolutionary Law, January 1, 1994

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Feminism: Tensions and Resistance

Voice 22.1 Merry Wiesner-Hanks on International Feminism, from Gender in History: Global Perspectives, 2011

Voice 22.2 Peter Stearns on Resistance to Global Feminism, from Gender in World History, 2015

 

23. GLOBAL PROCESSES: DEMOGRAPHY, CULTURE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 1900–PRESENT

More People: Quadrupling Human Numbers

People in Motion: Patterns of Migration

To the Cities: Global Urbanization

Moving Abroad: Long-Distance Migration

Microbes in Motion: Disease and Recent History

Cultural Identity in an Entangled World

Race, Nation, and Ethnicity

Popular Culture on the Move

Religion and Global Modernity

The Environment in the Anthropocene Era

The Global Environment Transformed

Changing the Climate

Protecting the Planet: The Rise of Environmentalism

Conclusions and Reflections: World History and the Making of Meaning

Revisiting Chapter 23

Revisiting Specifics

Revisiting Core Ideas

A Wider View

Landmarks for Chapter 23

ZOOMING IN: Barbie and Her Competitors in the Muslim World

THEN AND NOW: Humanity and Nature

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Contending for Islam

Source 23.1 A Secular State for an Islamic Society: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Speech to the General Congress of the Republican Party, 1927

Source 23.2 Toward an Islamic Society: The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light, 1936

Source 23.3 Two Images of Islamic Radicalism

The Violent Face of Islamic Radicalism, 2015

The Peaceful Face of Islamic Radicalism, 2015

Source 23.4 The Sufi Alternative: Narendra Modi, Sufism and Islamic Radicalism, 2016

Source 23.5 Progressive Islam: Kabir Helminski, Islam and Human Values, 2009

Source 23.6 Debating the Burqa: Protests in London against French Ban of Face Concealment, 2011

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Perspectives on the Iranian Revolution

Voice 23.1 Francis Robinson on Islamic Renewal Movements, from The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, 1996

Voice 23.2 John Esposito on the Source of the Iranian Revolution, from The Oxford History of Islam, 1999

 

For Further Study

Glossary