Ways of the World with Sources, Combined Volume
Fourth EditionRobert W. Strayer; Eric W. Nelson
©2019
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Use this text to learn what is truly important in world history—the big picture.
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Learn MoreTable of Contents
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-12.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 12-23.
NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, quizzes for sources and features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, all of the documents from the companion reader Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World, and quizzes for each of the documents in the companion reader – has been labeled on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Brief Contents
Contents
Maps
Features
Working with Evidence
Prologue
PART 1 First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 600 b.c.e.
THE BIG PICTURE Turning Points in Early World History
The Emergence of Humankind
The Globalization of Humankind
The Revolution of Farming and Herding
The Turning Point of Civilization
Time and World History
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (to ca. 600 b.c.e.)
1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, TO 3500 B.C.E.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Out of Africa: First Migrations
Into Eurasia
Into Australia
Into the Americas
Into the Pacific
Paleolithic Lifeways
The First Human Societies
Economy and the Environment
The Realm of the Spirit
Settling Down: The Great Transition
Breakthroughs to Agriculture
Common Patterns
Variations
The Globalization of Agriculture
Triumph and Resistance
The Culture of Agriculture
Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture
Pastoral Societies
Agricultural Village Societies
Chiefdoms
Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 1
CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Timescales of History
Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad
ZOOMING IN: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before Agriculture
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Australian Dreamtime
Source 1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Quiz for Source 1.1 LaunchPad
Source 1.2 The Rainbow Serpent: The Rainbow Serpent Awakens, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Quiz for Source 1.2 LaunchPad
Source 1.3 Explaining the World in Aboriginal Rock Art: Namondjok and the Lightning Man
Quiz for Source 1.3 LaunchPad
Source 1.4 Understanding Death: How Death Came: The Purukapali Myth, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century
Quiz for Source 1.4 LaunchPad
Source 1.5 Hunting in Aboriginal Rock Art: Aboriginal Hunters
Quiz for Source 1.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Australian Aboriginal Culture
Voice 1.1 Dale Kerwin on the Economic and Social Life of Aboriginal Australians, from Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes, 2012
Voice 1.2 Barbara West on Aboriginal Dreamtime Cosmology, from A Brief History of Australia, 2010
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
1. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: History Before Writing: How Do We Know?
Source 1.1: A Gathering and Hunting Woman in the Twentieth Century: Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman: Life in the Bush, 1971
Quiz for Source 1.1 LaunchPad
Source 1.2: Paleolithic Rock Art: A Hunting Scene: Lascaux Rock Art, ca. 15000 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 1.2 LaunchPad
Source 1.3: Neolithic Art: A Goddess Figure? Female Figurine from Çatalhüyük, ca. 5000 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 1.3 LaunchPad
Source 1.4: Otzi the Ice Man: Artist’s Reconstruction of Otzi; Otzi the Ice Man’s Preserved Body
Quiz for Source 1.1 LaunchPad
Source 1.5: Monumental Stone Construction in the Neolithic Era: Stonehenge, ca. 1600 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 1.5 LaunchPad
Draw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources LaunchPad
Essay Questions for Thinking through Sources LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Transition to Agriculture
Voice 1.1: Jared Diamond on the Decision to Farm, 1997
Voice 1.2: Yuval Noah Harari on the Myth of Progress through Agriculture, 2015
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–600 B.C.E.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations
Introducing the First Civilizations
The Question of Origins
An Urban Revolution
The Erosion of Equality
Hierarchies of Class
Hierarchies of Gender
Patriarchy in Practice
The Rise of the State
Coercion and Consent
Writing and Accounting
The Grandeur of Kings
Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt
Environment and Culture
Cities and States
Interaction and Exchange
Reflections: "Civilization": What’s in a Word?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 2
ZOOMING IN: Caral, a City of Norte Chico
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Indus Valley Civilization
Source 2.1 Cityscape of Mohenjo Daro: Wall Painting of Mohenjo Daro Reconstruction, 20th century
Quiz for Source 2.1 LaunchPad
Source 2.2 A Seal from the Indus Valley: A Humped Cattle Seal from Mohenjo Daro, 19th century b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 2.2 LaunchPad
Source 2.3 Man from Mohenjo Daro: A Royal Priest of Harappa, 3rd millennium b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 2.3 LaunchPad
Source 2.4 Cart and Oxen from Monhenjo Daro: Stone Model of a Cart Pulled by Two Oxen, ca. 2400 b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 2.4 LaunchPad
Source 2.5 Dancing Girl: An Indus Valley Girl, ca. 2500 b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 2.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The State . . . or Its Absence . . . in the Indus Valley
Voice 2.1 Gregory Possehl on Indus Valley Civilization in Context, from The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, 2002
Voice 2.2 Jonathan Kenoyer on Political Life in the Indus Valley, from Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, 1998
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
2. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Social Life in the First Civilizations
Source 2.1: Law and Life in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Law Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1750 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 2.1 LaunchPad
Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur: Peace Panel; War Panel, ca. 2500 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 2.3 LaunchPad
Source 2.3: The Occupations of Old Egypt: Be a Scribe, ca. 2066–1650 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 2.3 LaunchPad
Source 2.4: The Social Relationships of Egyptian Agriculture: Agricultural Scenes from the Tomb of Menna, Fourteenth Century B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 2.4 LaunchPad
Source 2.5: Social Life in Ancient China: The Book of Songs, ca. 1046–771 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 2.5 LaunchPad
Source 2.6: Socializing with Ancestors: A Ritual Food Container, ca. 1050 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 2.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Sumerian Society
Voice 2.1: Lauren Ristvet on Sumerian Specialization, 2007
Voice 2.2: Samuel Kramer on Scribes and Schools, 1956
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
PART 2 Continuity and Change in the Second-Wave Era, 600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.
THE BIG PICTURE The Globalization of Civilization
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.)
3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks
The Persian Empire
The Greeks
Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars
Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese
Rome: From City-State to Empire
China: From Warring States to Empire
Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires
The Collapse of Empires
Intermittent Empire: The Case of India
Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 3
ZOOMING IN: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient World
Source 3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia: Herodotus, The Histories, mid-5th century b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 3.1 LaunchPad
Source 3.2 A Greek Goldsmith Depicts the Scythians: Scythian Cup, Crimea, 4th century b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 3.2 LaunchPad
Source 3.3 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 3.3 LaunchPad
Source 3.4 A Roman Depiction of Sarmatians: Scene from Trajan’s Column, Rome, 107–113 c.e.
Quiz for Source 3.4 LaunchPad
Source 3.5 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 3.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Sources on Foreign Cultures
Voice 3.1 Stephen Gosch and Peter Stearns on Travelers’ Accounts as Historical Sources, from Premodern Travel in World History, 2008
Voice 3.2 Jerry Bentley on the Idea of "Barbarian," from Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times, 1993
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
3. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Political Authority in Second-Wave Civilizations
Source 3.1: The Triumphs of the Persian Emperor Darius: Behistun Inscription: The Sculpture; Opening Lines, ca. 500 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 3.1 LaunchPad
Source 3.2: In Praise of Athenian Democracy: Pericles: Funeral Oration, 431–430 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 3.1 LaunchPad
Source 3.3: Depicting the First Roman Emperor: Augustus Statue; Augustus Statue: The Breastplate, First Century B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 3.2 LaunchPad
Source 3.4: Governing a Chinese Empire: The Writings of Master Han Fei, Third Century B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 3.4 LaunchPad
Source 3.5: A Chinese Emperor Prepares for his Death: Qin Shihuangdi Funerary Complex; Archer; Bronze Horse-Drawn Cart, Third Century B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 3.5 LaunchPad
Source 3.6: Governing an Indian Empire: Ashoka, The Rock Edicts, ca. 268-232 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 3.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Emperors in the Second Wave Era
Voice 3.1: Yuri Pines on the Authority and Power of a Chinese Emperor, 2012
Voice 3.2: Kevin McGeough on the First Roman Emperor, 2004
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
4. CULTURE AND RELIGION IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
China and the Search for Order
The Legalist Answer
The Confucian Answer
The Daoist Answer
Cultural Traditions of Classical India
South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation
The Buddhist Challenge
Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East
Zoroastrianism
Judaism
The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order
The Greek Way of Knowing
The Greek Legacy
The Birth of Christianity . . . with Buddhist Comparisons
The Lives of the Founders
The Spread of New Religions
Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions
Reflections: Religion and Historians
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 4
ZOOMING IN: Perpetua, Christian Martyr
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Religion and the Axial Age
Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Representations of the Buddha
Source 4.1 A Greco-Indian Buddha: The Temptation of the Buddha
Quiz for Source 4.1 LaunchPad
Source 4.2 A Classical Indian Buddha: An Indian Buddha
Quiz for Source 4.2 LaunchPad
Source 4.3 The Reputation of the Buddha in Ancient Buddhist Stories: The Greater Discourse to Sakuludayin, ca. 1st century b.c.e.
Quiz for Source 4.3 LaunchPad
Source 4.4 A Korean Bodhisattva of Compassion: A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms
Quiz for Source 4.4 LaunchPad
Source 4.5 The Buddha and the Outcast: Sunita the Outcaste
Quiz for Source 4.5 LaunchPad
Source 4.6 A Chinese Buddha: The Chinese Maitreya Buddha
Quiz for Source 4.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On the Buddha
Voice 4.1 John Strong on the Context of the Buddha’s Life, from The Buddha: A Short Biography, 2001
Voice 4.2 Karen Armstrong on the Buddha and Biography, from Buddha, 2001
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
4. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The "Good Life" in Asian Cultural Traditions
Source 4.1: Reflections from Confucius: Confucius: The Analects, ca. 479–221 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 4.1 LaunchPad
Source 4.2: Filial Piety Illustrated: Children Honoring Parents, ca. 200 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 4.2 LaunchPad
Source 4.3: A Daoist Perspective on the Good Life: Laozi: Daodejing, 500 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 4.3 LaunchPad
Source 4.4: Reflections from the Hindu Scriptures: Bhagavad Gita, ca. Fifth to Second Century B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 4.4 LaunchPad
Source 4.5: Reflections from Jesus: The Gospel of Matthew, ca. 70–100 C.E.
Quiz for Source 4.5 LaunchPad
Source 4.6: Toward "Mature Manhood": Ladder of Divine Ascent, ca. Sixth or Seventh Century
Quiz for Source 4.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Historical Jesus
Voice 4.1: Reza Aslan on Jesus as Zealot, 2013
Voice 4.2: Marcus Borg on Jesus as Spirit Person, 1995
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Society and the State in China
An Elite of Officials
The Landlord Class
Peasants
Merchants
Class and Caste in India
Caste as Varna
Caste as Jati
The Functions of Caste
Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
Slavery and Civilization
The Making of Roman Slavery
Comparing Patriarchies
A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China
Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta
Reflections: What Changes? What Persists?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 5
ZOOMING IN: The Spartacus Slave Revolt
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Source 5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife: An Elite Couple of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 5.1 LaunchPad
Source 5.2 A Pompeii Banquet: A Dinner with Friends, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 5.2 LaunchPad
Source 5.3 From a Pompeii Tavern: An Evening Out at a Pompeii Bar, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 5.3 LaunchPad
Source 5.4 The Graffiti of Pompeii: The Grafitti of Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 5.4 LaunchPad
Source 5.5 Household Religion in Pompeii: A Household Shrine from Pompeii, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 5.5 LaunchPad
Source 5.6 Mystery Religion in Pompeii: An Initiation Ritual, 1st century c.e.
Quiz for Source 5.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Pompeii
Voice 5.1 Mary Beard on the Artifacts of Pompeii, from "Pompeii Exhibition," 2017
Voice 5.2 Andrew Wilson and Miko Flohr on the Economy of Pompeii, from The Economy of Pompeii, 2017
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
5. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Patriarchy and Women’s Voices
Source 5.1: A Greek Expression of Patriarchy: Aristotle: "On a Good Wife," ca. 330 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 5.1 LaunchPad
Source 5.2: Gravestone Image of a Greek Husband and Wife: A Greek Cemetery Sculpture, ca. 400 B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 5.2 LaunchPad
Source 5.3: An Indian Expression of Patriarchy: The Laws of Manu, 200–400 C.E.
Quiz for Source 5.3 LaunchPad
Source 5.4: A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her Daughters: Ban Zhao: Lessons for Women, Late First Century C.E.
Quiz for Source 5.4 LaunchPad
Source 5.5: An Alternative to Patriarchy in India: Psalms of the Sisters, First Century B.C.E.
Quiz for Source 5.5 LaunchPad
Source 5.6: Roman Women in Protest: Livy: History of Rome, Early First Century C.E.
Quiz for Source 5.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Elite Greek Women in the Public Sphere
Voice 5.1: Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones on the Veil in Ancient Greece, From Aphrodite’s Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece, 2003
Voice 5.2: Joan Breton Connelly on Priestesses and Public Life in Ancient Greece, From Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, 2007
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA, 600 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Continental Comparisons
Civilizations of Africa
Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization
Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
Along the Niger River: Cities without States
Civilizations of Mesoamerica
The Maya: Writing and Warfare
Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City
Civilizations of the Andes
Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement
Moche: A Civilization of the Coast
Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior
Alternatives to Civilization
Bantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social Variation
North America: Ancestral Pueblo and Mound Builders
Pacific Oceania: Peoples of the Sea
Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in the Writing of World History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 6
ZOOMING IN: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of Cao
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Axum and the World
Source 6.1 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, 2nd or 3rd century c.e.
Quiz for Source 6.1 LaunchPad
Source 6.2 The Columns of Axum: An Axumite Monument, late 3rd or early 4th century c.e
Quiz for Source 6.2 LaunchPad
Source 6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, late 4th century c.e.
Quiz for Source 6.3 LaunchPad
Source 6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Gold Trade of Axum, 6th century c.e.
Quiz for Source 6.4 LaunchPad
Source 6.5 Axum Gold Coin: A "Christian Coin" from Axum
Quiz for Source 6.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian Axum
Voice 6.1 Erik Gilbert and Jonathan Reynolds on the Transregional Nature of Early Christianity, from African World History, 2004
Voice 6.2 Christopher Ehret on the Role of Trade in the Coming of Christianity to Axum, from The Civilizations of Africa, 2002
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
6. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Art and the Maya Elite
Source 6.1: A Royal Couple from Yaxchilan: Stone Carving of Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok, 724 C.E.
Quiz for Source 6.1 LaunchPad
Source 6.2: Mayan Prisoners of War and Their Captors: Mural Depicting the Presentation of Captives, 792 C.E.
Quiz for Source 6.2 LaunchPad
Source 6.3: Nourishing the Gods: Stone Carving of a Bloodletting Ritual, 709 C.E.
Quiz for Source 6.3 LaunchPad
Source 6.4: Sport as Recreation and Ritual: Vase Painting of a Ball Game, Seventh or Eighth Century
Quiz for Source 6.4 LaunchPad
Source 6.5: A Maya Ruler Relaxing: Image of a Maya King at Leisure, Seventh or Eighth Century
Quiz for Source 6.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Comparing the Maya with Other Civilizations
Voice 6.1: Charles C. Mann on Mayan Political Culture, From 1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus, 2011
Voice 6.2: J.R. McNeill and William H. McNeill on Mayan Agriculture, From The Human Web: A Bird’s-Eye View of World History, 2003
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
PART 3 Civilizations and Encounters during the Third-Wave Era, 600–1450
THE BIG PICTURE Patterns and Processes of the Third-Wave Era
Third-Wave Civilizations
The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (600–1450)
7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 600–1450
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia
The Growth of the Silk Roads
Goods in Transit
Cultures in Transit
Disease in Transit
Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean
Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa
Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara
Commercial Beginnings in West Africa
Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere
Reflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and Modern
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 7
ZOOMING IN: The Arabian Camel
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Travelers’ Tales and Observations
Source 7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India: Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, 7th century c.e.
Quiz for Source 7.1 LaunchPad
Source 7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299
Quiz for Source 7.2 LaunchPad
Source 7.3 A European Artist Depicts Asia: The Marvelous Races of the East, ca. 1410
Quiz for Source 7.3 LaunchPad
Source 7.4 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa,
1526
Quiz for Source 7.4 LaunchPad
Source 7.5 A Korean World Map: The Honkōji Copy of the Kangnido Map, Korea, 15th century
Quiz for Source 7.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Travel Writers
Voice 7.1 John Larner on Whether Polo Really Traveled to China, from Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, 1999
Voice 7.2 Natalie Zemon Davis on Leo Africanus’s Audiences, from Trickster Travels: A Sixteenth-Century Muslim between Worlds, 2006
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
7. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Life and Travel on the Silk Roads
Source 7.1: Dangers and Assistance on the Silk Roads: Cave Painting of Silk Road Merchants Encountering Bandits, Eighth Century
Quiz for Source 7.1 LaunchPad
Source 7.2: Travel on the Silk Roads: Francesco Pegolotti: Advice for European Merchants Traveling to China, ca. 1340
Quiz for Source 7.2 LaunchPad
Source 7.3: Stopping at a Caravanserai: Mural Depicting a Caravanserai Site, Sixth Century
Quiz for Source 7.3 LaunchPad
Source 7.4: Buddhism on the Silk Roads: Regulations for a Community of Monks, Third Century C.E.; Faxian: A Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms, ca. 416
Quiz for Source 7.4 LaunchPad
Source 7.5: Christianity on the Silk Roads: The Jesus Sutras, 635–1005
Quiz for Source 7.5 LaunchPad
Source 7.6: Letters from the Silk Road: From a Soldier on Guard Duty, 103 B.C.E–40 C.E.; From an Abandoned Wife, Early Fourth Century C.E.
Quiz for Source 7.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Importance of the Silk Roads
Voice 7.1: Valerie Hansen on the Least Traveled Route, From The Silk Road: A New History, 2012
Voice 7.2: Zinru Liu on the Importance of the Silk Roads, From The Silk Roads: A Brief History with Documents, 2012
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1300
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China
A "Golden Age" of Chinese Achievement
Women in the Song Dynasty
China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making
The Tribute System in Theory
The Tribute System in Practice
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
Korea and China
Vietnam and China
Japan and China
China and the Eurasian World Economy
Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia
On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
China and Buddhism
Making Buddhism Chinese
Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
Reflections: Why Do Things Change?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 8
ZOOMING IN: Gunpowder
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: China’s Scholar-Officials
Source 8.1 Scholar-Officials and the Emperor: Scholars Gathering in a Bamboo Garden
Quiz for Source 8.1 LaunchPad
Source 8.2 A Gathering of Scholars: Scholars of the Liuli Hall, late 13th century
Quiz for Source 8.2 LaunchPad
Source 8.3 A Solitary Scholar: Ma Yuan, On a Mountain Path in Spring, early 13th century
Quiz for Source 8.3 LaunchPad
Source 8.4 Tang Dynasty Poetry
Li Po, The Mountain and Me, 8th century
Li Po, Drinking Alone with the Moon, 8th century
Wang Wei, My Retreat at Mount Zhongnan, 8th century
Du Fu, A View of Taishan, 8th century
Quiz for Source 8.4 LaunchPad
Source 8.5 Scholar-Officials at Play: Gu Hongzhong, The Night Revels of Han Xizai, 10th century
Quiz for Source 8.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing China’s Scholar-Officials
Voice 8.1 Jacques Garnet on the "Learned Culture" of Song Dynasty China, from A History of Chinese Civilization, 1996
Voice 8.2 David Hinton on "Public Service" and "Mountain Seclusion," from Mountain Home: The Wilderness Poetry of Ancient China, 2005
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
8. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The Making of Japanese Civilization
Source 8.1: Japanese Political Thinking: Shotoku: The Seventeen Article Constitution, 604 C.E.
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Source 8.2: The Uniqueness of Japan: Kitabatake Chikafusa: The Chronicle of the Direct Descent of Gods and Sovereigns, 1339
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Source 8.3: Social Life at Court: Sei Shonagon: Pillow Book, ca. 1000
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Source 8.4: Japanese Zen Buddhism: Su Dongpo in Straw Hat and Wooden Shoes, Fifteenth Century
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Source 8.5: The Way of the Warrior: Shiba Yoshimasa: Advice to Young Samurai, ca. 1400; Imagawa Ryoshun: The Imagawa Letter, 1412
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Source 8.6: Samurai and the "Arts of Peace": Kojima Takanori Writing a Poem on a Cherry Tree, Fourteenth Century
Quiz for Source 8.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: China’s Influence in the Making of Japanese Civilization
Voice 8.1: Milton Walter Meyer on China’s Influence on Japan’s First Imperial State, From Japan: A Concise History, 2009
Voice 8.2: Matthew Stavros on China’s Influence on the Capital City of Kyoto, From Kyoto: an urban history of Japan’s premodern capital, 2014
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1450
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
The Birth of a New Religion
The Homeland of Islam
The Messenger and the Message
The Transformation of Arabia
The Making of an Arab Empire
War, Conquest, and Tolerance
Conversion
Divisions and Controversies
Women and Men in Early Islam
Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison
The Case of India
The Case of Anatolia
The Case of West Africa
The Case of Spain
The World of Islam as a New Civilization
Networks of Faith
Networks of Exchange
Reflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 9
ZOOMING IN: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of Islam
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Islamic World in the Seventh Century
Source 9.1 Muhammad and the Angel Gabriel: Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel, ca. 1307
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Source 9.2 Muhammad in Jerusalem: Aqa Mirak, The Night Journey of Muhammad, ca. 16th century
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Source 9.3 Victory in Mecca: Mir Havand, The Cleansing of the Kaaba, ca. 1590
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Source 9.4 Conflict and Division: The Emergence of Shia Islam: Ali ibn Husayn, Poem, ca. 680
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Source 9.5 Conquest
Text of Thomas the Presbyter, 640 c.e.
Pact of Ibn Muslama and the People of Tiflis, 653
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Source 9.6 Governing an Empire: Caliph Ali, Letter to Malik Ashtar, 658 c.e.
Quiz for Source 9.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Prophet Muhammad
Voice 9.1 Francis Robinson on Western Attitudes to Muhammad, from Cambridge Illustrated History: Islamic World, 1996
Voice 9.2 Karen Armstrong on Muslim Devotion to the Prophet, from Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet, 1992
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
9. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Voices of Islam
Source 9.1: The Voice of Allah: The Quran, Seventh Century C.E.
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Source 9.2: The Voice of the Prophet Muhammad: The Hadiths, Eighth and Ninth Centuries
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Source 9.3: The Voice of the Law: The Sharia, Ninth Century
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Source 9.4: The Voice of the Sufis: Inscription in Rumi’s Tomb, Thirteenth Century; Rumi: Poem, Thirteenth Century; Rumi: Mathnawi, Thirteenth Century
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Source 9.5: Islamic Practice in West Africa: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa, 1354
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Source 9.6: Men and Women at Worship: A Painting of a Muslim Congregation in a Mosque, Sixteenth Century
Quiz for Source 9.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Significance of Sufism
Voice 9.1: John Esposito on Sufi Spirituality, From The Islamic Threat: Myth of Reality, 1992
Voice 9.2: Nile Green on Sufi Power, From Sufism: A Global History, 2012
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10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 600–1450
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
Asian Christianity
African Christianity
Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
The Byzantine State
The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence
Byzantium and the World
The Conversion of Russia
Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
Political Life in Western Europe
Society and the Church
Accelerating Change in the West
Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
The West in Comparative Perspective
Catching Up
Pluralism in Politics
Reason and Faith
Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of Christendom
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 10
ZOOMING IN: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried Woman
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Remaking of Western Europe
Source 10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, late 6th Century
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Source 10.2 Advice on Dealing with "Pagans": Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601
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Source 10.3 Pagan Art and Christian Texts: Lindisfarne Gospel, 698–721
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Source 10.4 Germanic Law: Burgundian Code, ca. 474 c.e.
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Source 10.5 Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel: Aachen Palace Chapel, completed 805 c.e.
Quiz for Source 10.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Rome
Voice 10.1 Blockmans and Hoppenbrouwers on the End of Roman Civilization, from Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500, 2014
Voice 10.2 Cunliffe on Charlemagne, from Europe between the Oceans, 9000 BC–AD 1000, 2008
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10. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The Crusades as Cultural Encounter
Source 10.1: A Western Christian Perspective: Pope Urban II: Speech at Clermont, 1095
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Source 10.2: Jewish Experience of the Crusades: Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle: An Account of Attacks on Jews during the First Crusade, Early to Mid-Twelfth Century
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Source 10.3: Muslim Perspectives on the Crusades: Ibn al-Athir: The Complete History, ca. 1231
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Source 10.4: Jerusalem and the Crusades in European Art: The Looting of Jerusalem, 1099; How Jerusalem Was Captured by Saladin, 1187
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Source 10.5: A Byzantine Perspective on the Crusades: Nicetas Choniates: The Sack of Constantinople, 1204
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Source 10.6: Admiration and Accommodation across the Religious Divide: Usmah Ibn Munqidh: Christian Piety and Muslim Piety, Mid-Twelfth Century; Fulcher of Chartres: The Latins in the East, Early Twelfth Century
Quiz for Source 10.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Pope’s Agenda for the First Crusade
Voice 10.1: David Levine on Success in Reigning in Noble Violence, From At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000, 2001
Voice 10.2: Malcolm Barber on Religious Reconciliation and the First Crusade, From The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050-1320, 1992
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1450
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
The Long History of Pastoral Peoples
The World of Pastoral Societies
Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History
Breakout: The Mongol Empire
From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire
Explaining the Mongol Moment
Encountering the Mongols in China, Persia, and Russia
China and the Mongols
Persia and the Mongols
Russia and the Mongols
The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network
Toward a World Economy
Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale
Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm
The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic
Reflections: Changing Images of Pastoral Peoples
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 11
ZOOMING IN: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of Japan
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Empires
Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of the Mongols
Source 11.1 The Self-Perception of Mongol Rulers
Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219
The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240
Quiz for Source 11.1 LaunchPad
Source 11.2 Picturing Khubilai Khan
Liu Guandao, Khubilai on a Hunt, 1280
Marco Polo and Khubilai Khan, 15th century
Khubilai Khan in Council with His Courtiers and Scribes, 1590
Quiz for Source 11.2 LaunchPad
Source 11.3 A Persian View of the Conquest of Bukhara: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 1219
Quiz for Source 11.3 LaunchPad
Source 11.4 A European View of Mongol Life: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255
Quiz for Source 11.4 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Mongol Impact
Voice 11.1 Jack Weatherford on the Mongols in World History, from Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, 2004
Voice 11.2 Paul S. Ropp on the Mongol Impact on China’s Economy, from China in World History, 2010
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
11. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Living and Dying During the Black Death
Source 11.1: The Black Death in the Islamic World: Ibn al-Wardi: Report of the Pestilence, 1348
Quiz for Source 11.1 LaunchPad
Source 11.2: The Black Death in Western Europe: Giovanni Boccaccio: The Decameron, Mid-Fourteenth Century
Quiz for Source 11.2 LaunchPad
Source 11.3: The Black Death in Byzantium: Emperor John VI of Byzantium: Historarum, Mid- to Late Fourteenth Century
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Source 11.4: Religious Responses in the Islamic World: Ibn Kathir: The Beginning and the End: On History, ca. 1350–1351
Quiz for Source 11.4 LaunchPad
Source 11.5: Picturing Religious Responses in the Christian World: The Flagellants, 1349; A Culture of Death, 1463
Quiz for Source 11.5 LaunchPad
Source 11.6: The Black Death and European Jews: Jacob Von Königshofen: About the Great Plague and the Burning of the Jews, ca. Early Fifteenth Century
Quiz for Source 11.6 LaunchPad
Source 11.7: A Government’s Response to the Plague: Ordinances against the Spread of Plague, Pistoia, 1348
Quiz for Source 11.7 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Winners and Losers in Europe after the Plague
Voice 11.1 Harry Miskimin on the Rural Economy after the Plague, From The Economy of Early Renaissance Europe, 1300-1460, 1975
Voice 11.2: Mavis Mate on the Effects of the Black Death on Women, From Daughters, Wives, and Widows after the Black Death, 1998
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Societies and Cultures of the Fifteenth Century
Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
Ming Dynasty China
European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
The Aztec Empire
The Inca Empire
Webs of Connection
After 1500: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era
Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 12
ZOOMING IN: 1453 in Constantinople
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Islam and Renaissance Europe
Source 12.1 Portrait of Mehmed II: Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II, ca. 1479
Quiz for Source 12.1 LaunchPad
Source 12.2 Machiavelli on the Turkish State: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513
Quiz for Source 12.2 LaunchPad
Source 12.3 Venetian Trade in the Middle East: The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus, 1511
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Source 12.4 Greek and Islamic Philosophers in Renaissance Art: Aristotle and Averroes, 1483
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Source 12.5 A Papal Call for Crusade: Pope Clement VI, Call for Crusade, September 30, 1343
Quiz for Source 12.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian/Muslim Relations during the Renaissance
Voice 12.1 Jerry Brotton on the Role of Cross-cultural Exchange in the European Renaissance, from The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo, 2002
Voice 12.2 Bernard Lewis on Hostility between Christians and Muslims, from Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery, 1995
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
12. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Early Encounters; First Impressions
Source 12.1: Cadamosto in a West African Chiefdom: Alvise da Cadamosto: On Meeting with Budomel, 1455
Quiz for Source 12.1 LaunchPad
Source 12.2: Vasco da Gama at Calicut, India: A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1498
Quiz for Source 12.2 LaunchPad
Source 12.3: Celebrating de Gama’s Arrival in Calicut, Tapestry Depicting the Arrival of da Gama at Calicut, Early Sixteenth Century
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Source 12.4: Columbus in the Caribbean: Christopher Columbus: Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella, 1493
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Source 12.5: Columbus Engraved: Columbus Arriving on Hispaniola, 1594
Quiz for Source 12.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing Christopher Columbus and his Legacy
Voice 12.1: Zvi Dor-Ner on Christopher Columbus’s Legacy, From Columbus and the Age of Discovery, 1991
Voice 12.2: Charles Mann on Remembering Columbus, From 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2012
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
PART 4 The Early Modern World, 1450–1750
THE BIG PICTURE Toward Modernity . . . or Not?
Sprouts of Modernity?
Continuing Older Patterns?
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1450–1750)
13. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS: EMPIRES AND ENCOUNTERS, 1450–1750
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
European Empires in the Americas
The European Advantage
The Great Dying and the Little Ice Age
The Columbian Exchange
Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas
In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas
Colonies of Sugar
Settler Colonies in North America
The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire
Experiencing the Russian Empire
Russians and Empire
Asian Empires
Making China an Empire
Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire
Muslims and Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Reflections: The Centrality of Context in World History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 13
ZOOMING IN: Doña Marina: Between Two Worlds
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: State Building in the Early Modern Era
Source 13.1 The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs, 1605–1627
Quiz for Source 13.1 LaunchPad
Source 13.2 The Palace of an Ottoman Emperor: A Reception at the Court of Selim III, late 18th Century
Quiz for Source 13.2 LaunchPad
Source 13.3 French State Building and Louis XIV
Louis XIV, Memoirs, 1670
Louis XIV in Costume, 1653
Quiz for Source 13.3 LaunchPad
Source 13.4 An Outsider’s View of the Inca Empire: Pedro de Cieza de León, Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550
Quiz for Source 13.4 LaunchPad
Source 13.5 The Temple of Heaven: Beijing, China: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, ca. 1420
Quiz for Source 13.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Modern Rulers
Voice 13.1 Charles Parker on Emperor Kangxi of China and Louis XIV of France, from Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800, 2010
Voice 13.2 John Darwin on Emperor Akbar’s Public Image, from After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires 1400–2000, 2008
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
13. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The Spanish and the Aztecs: From Encounter to Conquest (1519-1521)
Source 13.1: The Meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma: A Spanish View: Bernal Díaz: The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, Mid-Sixteenth Century
Quiz for Source 13.1 LaunchPad
Source 13.2: The Meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma: An Aztec Account: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex, Mid-Sixteenth Century
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Source 13.3: Images of Encounter: Moctezuma and Cortés, 1560; The Massacre of the Nobles, 1581
Quiz for Source 13.3 LaunchPad
Source 13.4: Conquest and Victory: The Fall of Tenochtitlán from a Spanish Perspective: Francisco de Aguilar: Brief Record of the Conquest of New Spain, ca. 1560
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Source 13.5: Defeat: The Fall of Tenochtitlán from an Aztec Perspective: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex, Mid-Sixteenth Century
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Source 13.6: Depicting the Seizure of the Aztec Capital: The Conquest of Tenochtitlán, Seventeenth Century
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Source 13.7: Lamentation: The Aftermath of Defeat: Cantares Mexicanos, Late Sixteenth Century
Quiz for Source 13.7 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Conquest, Disease and Demographic Collapse in the Aztec Empire
Voice 13.1: Alfred Crosby on the Impact of Disease on the Conquest of the Aztec Empire, From The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, 1972
Voice 13.2: Philip Hoffman on the Roles of Disease, Social Disruption and Technology in the Conquest of the Aztecs, From Why did Europe Conquer the World, 2015
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
14. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS: COMMERCE AND CONSEQUENCE, 1450–1750
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Europeans and Asian Commerce
A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
Spain and the Philippines
The East India Companies
Asians and Asian Commerce
Silver and Global Commerce
"The World Hunt": Fur in Global Commerce
Commerce in People: The Transatlantic Slave System
The Slave Trade in Context
The Slave Trade in Practice
Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
Reflections: Economic Globalization — Then and Now
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 14
ZOOMING IN: Ayuba Suleiman Diallo: To Slavery and Back
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Atlantic World
Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World
Source 14.1 Clothing and Status in the Americas: Miguel Cabrera, Detail from a Series on Mixed-Race Marriages in Mexico, 1763
Quiz for Source 14.1 LaunchPad
Source 14.2 Clothing and Status in Europe: Portrait of Sophie of the Palatinate, 1645
Quiz for Source 14.2 LaunchPad
Source 14.3 A Critical View of Coffeehouses in the Ottoman Empire: Mustafa Ali, Description of Cairo, 1599
Quiz for Source 14.3 LaunchPad
Source 14.4 An Ottoman Coffeehouse: A Gathering of Turkish Men at an Ottoman Coffeehouse, 16th century
Quiz for Source 14.4 LaunchPad
Source 14.5 Coffeehouse Culture in England: Thomas Jordan, News from the Coffee-house, 1667
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Source 14.6 Tobacco Smoking in Eurasia: King James I, A Counterblaste to Tobacco, 1604
Quiz for Source 14.6 LaunchPad
Source 14.7 Chinese Poems about Smoking: Poems from Cheng Cong’s Tobacco Manual, 17th and 18th centuries
Quiz for Source 14.7 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Coffee and Coffeeshops
Voice 14.1 Tom Standage on Muslim Debates over Coffee’s Intoxicating Effects, from A History of the World in 6 Glasses, 2005
Voice 14.2 Mark Pendergrast on London’s Coffeehouses, from Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World, 2010
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
14. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Voices from the Slave Trade
Source 14.1: The Journey to Slavery: Olaudah Equiano: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789
Quiz for Source 14.1 LaunchPad
Source 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade: Thomas Phillips: A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London, 1694
Quiz for Source 14.2 LaunchPad
Source 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo: King Affonso I: Letters to King João of Portugal, 1526
Quiz for Source 14.3 LaunchPad
Source 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante: Osei Bonsu: Conversation with Joseph Dupuis, 1820
Quiz for Source 14.4 LaunchPad
Source 14.5: Images of the Slave Trade: Sale of Slaves in West Africa, 1796; The Slave Ship Wildfire, 1860; Advertisement for a Slave Auction in Charleston, SC, 1749
Quiz for Source 14.5 LaunchPad
Source 14.6: Data: Patterns of the Slave Trade: Voyages and Slave Rebellion: An Aggregate Statistic; Changing Patterns of the Slave Trade
Quiz for Source 14.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Describing the Middle Passage
Voice 14.1: Lisa Lindsay on Conditions Above and Below Deck during the Middle Passage, From Captives as Commodities: The Transatlantic Slave Trade, 2008
Voice 14.2: Johannes Postma on Mortality during the Middle Passage, From The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2003
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
15. CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS: RELIGION AND SCIENCE, 1450–1750
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
The Globalization of Christianity
Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation
Christianity Outward Bound
Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America
An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits
Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions
Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World
China: New Directions in an Old Tradition
India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide
A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science
The Question of Origins: Why Europe?
Science as Cultural Revolution
Science and Enlightenment
European Science beyond the West
Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century and Beyond
Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 15
ZOOMING IN: Galileo and the Telescope: Reflecting on Science and Religion
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Christianity: Becoming a Global Religion
Source 15.1 Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity: La Virgen del Cerro (Virgin Mary of the Mountains), ca. 1740
Quiz for Source 15.1 LaunchPad
Source 15.2 Christianity through Maya Eyes: The Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 18th century
Quiz for Source 15.2 LaunchPad
Source 15.3 Making Christianity Chinese: Illustration of the Annunciation, ca. 17th century
Quiz for Source 15.3 LaunchPad
Source 15.4 The Chinese Rites Controversy
Papal Decree Banning Chinese Rites, 1715
Decree of Emperor Kangxi, 1721
Quiz for Source 15.4 LaunchPad
Source 15.5 Christian Art in the Mughal Empire: Unknown Indian Artist, The Holy Family, early 17th century
Quiz for Source 15.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Missions in Mesoamerica and China
Voice 15.1 Merry Wiesner-Hanks on the Virgin of Guadalupe, from A Concise History of the World, 2015
Voice 15.2 Diarmaid MacCulloch on Jesuit Missionary Strategies in China, from Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, 2009
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad
15. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Renewal and Reform in the Early Modern World
Source 15.1: Luther’s Protest: Martin Luther: Table Talk, Early Sixteenth Century
Quiz for Source 15.1 LaunchPad
Source 15.2: Calvinism and Catholicism: Engraving of Calvinists Destroying Statues in a Catholic Church, 1566
Quiz for Source 15.2 LaunchPad
Source 15.3: Progress and Enlightenment: Marquis de Condorcet: Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793–1794
Quiz for Source 15.3 LaunchPad
Source 15.4: Art and Enlightenment: Joseph Wright, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery, ca. 1766
Quiz for Source 15.4 LaunchPad
Source 15.5: The Wahhabi Perspective on Islam: Abdullah Wahhab: History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis, 1803
Quiz for Source 15.5 LaunchPad
Source 15.6: The Poetry of Kabir: Kabir: Poetry, ca. Late Fifteenth Century
Quiz for Source 15.6 LaunchPad
Source 15.7: Religious Syncretism in Indian Art: Kumbhaka (breathing exercises), ca. 1600
Quiz for Source 15.7 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Reform and Renewal in the Christian and Islamic Worlds
Voice 15.1: R.W. Scribner on the Evangelical Agenda in Protestant Germany, From The German Reformation, 1986
Voice 15.2: Natana DeLong-Bas on the Teachings of Ibn Abd al Wahhab, From Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad, 2004
Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad
PART 5 The European Moment in World History, 1750–1900
THE BIG PICTURE European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1750–1900)
16. ATLANTIC REVOLUTIONS, GLOBAL ECHOES, 1750–1900
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context
Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
The North American Revolution, 1775–1787
The French Revolution, 1789–1815
The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1825
Echoes of Revolution
The Abolition of Slavery
Nations and Nationalism
Feminist Beginnings
Reflections: Revolutions: Pro and Con
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 16
ZOOMING IN: Kartini: Feminism and Nationalism in Java
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Opponents of the Atlantic Revolutions
Source 16.1 A New York Clergyman’s Criticism of the Continental Congress: Samuel Seabury, Letter of a Westchester Farmer, 1774
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Source 16.2 A British Conservative’s Critique of the Universal Rights of Man: Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790
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Source 16.3 An English Cartoon’s Reaction to Revolutionary Violence: Hell Broke Loose, or, The Murder of Louis, 1793
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Source 16.4 The French National Assembly and Slavery: Decree and Explanation of the French National Assembly, May 15 and 29, 1791
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Source 16.5 Imagining Women’s Suffrage: An Inauguration of the Future, 1897
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: How the French Revolution Went Wrong
Voice 16.1 Tocqueville on the Course of the French Revolution, from The Old Regime and the Revolution, 1856
Voice 16.2 Hippolyte Taine on the Failure of the Early Years of the Revolution and the Rise of the Radical Revolution, from The French Revolution, 1881
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16. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Claiming Rights
Source 16.1: The French Revolution and the "Rights of Man": The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789
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Source 16.2: Representing the Declaration: Jean-Jacques Le Barbier: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (Painting), ca. 1789
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Source 16.3: Rights and National Independence: Simón Bolívar: The Jamaica Letter, 1815
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Source 16.4: Rights and Slavery: Picturing "Reason and Nature": All Mortals Are Equal, It Is Not Birth but Virtue That Makes the Difference, 1793
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Source 16.5: Rights and Slavery: An African American Voice: Frederick Douglass: What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?, 1852
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Source 16.6: The Rights of Women: Depicting a Revolutionary Woman: Frenchwomen Freed, 1793
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Source 16.7: The Rights of Women: An American Feminist Voice: Elizabeth Cady Stanton: The Solitude of Self, 1892
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Origins and Echoes of the American Revolution
Voice 16.1: Dorinda Outram on Enlightenment Ideas in the American Revolution, From The Enlightenment, 1995
Voice 16.2: Carl Guarneri on British Expansion Redirected, From America in the World: The United States in Global Context, 2007
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17. REVOLUTIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1750–1900
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Industrialization: The Global Context
The First Industrial Society
The British Aristocracy
The Middle Classes
The Laboring Classes
Social Protest
Europeans in Motion
Variations on a Theme: Industrialization in the United States and Russia
The United States: Industrialization without Socialism
Russia: Industrialization and Revolution
The Industrial Revolution and Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
After Independence in Latin America
Facing the World Economy
Becoming like Europe?
Reflections: History and Horse Races
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 17
CONTROVERSIES: Debating "Why Europe?"
Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad
ZOOMING IN: The English Luddites and Machine Breaking
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Socialist Vision
Source 17.1 Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
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Source 17.2 Socialism in Song: Eugène Pottier, The Internationale, 1871
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Source 17.3 Socialist Perspectives in Art
Industrial Workers of the World, A Pyramid of Capitalist Society, 1911
Manifest of International Trade Union Congress, 1896
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Source 17.4 Socialist Variations: The Woman Question: Clara Zetkin, The German Socialist Women’s Movement, 1909
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Source 17.5 Socialist Variations: The Case of Russia: Lenin, What Is to Be Done? 1902
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Karl Marx in the Twenty-First Century
Voice 17.1 Allan Todd on Marx and Current History, from The Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia, 2016
Voice 17.2 Terry Eagleton on the Continuing Relevance of Marx, from Why Marx Was Right, 2011
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17. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Experiencing the Early Industrial Revolution
Source 17.1: The Experience of an English Factory Worker: Elizabeth Bentley, Factory Worker: Testimony, 1831; William Harter, Mill Owner: Testimony, 1832
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Source 17.2: Urban Living Conditions: Friedrich Engels: The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1844
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Source 17.3: Another View of Factory Life: Eyre Crowe: Outside the Factory, 1874
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Source 17.4: A Weaver’s Lament: Only a Weaver, 1860s
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Source 17.5: Poetry from the Factory Floor: Ellen Johnston: Poetry, 1867
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Source 17.6: Railroads and the Middle Class: The Railroad as a Symbol of the Industrial Era, 1870s
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Source 17.7: Inequality: John Leech, Capital and Labour, 1843
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Children and Family during the Industrial Revolution
Voice 17.1: Elinor Accampo on Migration, Industry, and the Loosening of Parental Control, From Industrialization, Family Life and Class Relations: Saint Chamond, 1815-1914, 1989
Voice 17.2: Louise Tilly and Joan Scott on Daughters and Industrial Work, From Women, Work, and Family, 1978
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18. COLONIAL ENCOUNTERS IN ASIA, AFRICA, AND OCEANIA, 1750–1950
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Industry and Empire
A Second Wave of European Conquests
Under European Rule
Cooperation and Rebellion
Colonial Empires with a Difference
Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies
Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market
Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work
Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa
Assessing Colonial Development
Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change
Education
Religion
"Race" and "Tribe"
Reflections: Who Makes History?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 18
ZOOMING IN: Vivekananda, a Hindu Monk in America
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LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Colonial Conquest: The Scramble for Africa
Source 18.1 Competition and Conquest: Charles Tichon, Commandant Marchand across Africa, 1900
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Source 18.2 "Pacification" in East Africa: Richard Meinertzhagen, A Small Slaughter, 1902
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Source 18.3 From Cape to Cairo: The Rhodes Colossus, 1892
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Source 18.4 Ethiopia and the Scramble for Africa
Menelik II, Letter to the European Great Powers, 1891
Menelik II, Mobilization Proclamation, 1895
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Source 18.5 Empire Building in North Africa: British and French in North Africa, ca. 1910
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Source 18.6 An African American Voice on the Scramble for Africa: W. E. B. DuBois, The African Roots of War, 1915
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Invasion of Africa
Voice 18.1 Thomas Pakenham on European Motivations, from The Scramble for Africa, 1992
Voice 18.2 A. Adu Boahen on African Strategies, from African Perspectives on Colonialism, 1987
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18. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Colonial India: Experience and Response
Source 18.1: Images of Colonial Rule: J. Bouvier: A British Breakfast in India, 1842; Tiger Hunting in Colonial India, 1860s; The British and Indian Princes, ca. 1820; Blowing from a Gun, 1858
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Source 18.2: Seeking Western Education: Ram Mohan Roy: Letter to Lord Amherst, 1823
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Source 18.3: The Indian Rebellion: Prince Feroze Shah: The Azamgarh Proclamation, 1857
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Source 18.4: The Credits and Debits of British Rule in India: Dadabhai Naoroji: Speech to a London Audience, 1871
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Source 18.5: Gandhi on Modern Civilization: Mahatma Gandhi: Indian Home Rule, 1909
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Great Indian Rebellion
Voice 18.1: Stanley Wolpert on British Innovations and Indian Grievances, From India, 1965
Voice 18.2: D. R. SarDesai on the Greased Cartridges Incident, From India: The Definitive History, 2008
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19. EMPIRES IN COLLISION: EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND EAST ASIA, 1800–1900
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis
The Crisis Within
Western Pressures
The Failure of Conservative Modernization
The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century
"The Sick Man of Europe"
Reform and Its Opponents
Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power
The Tokugawa Background
American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration
Modernization Japanese-Style
Japan and the World
Reflections: Success and Failure in History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 19
ZOOMING IN: Lin Zexu: Confronting the Opium Trade
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LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: China: On the Brink of Change
Source 19.1 Toward a Constitutional Monarchy: Kang Youwei, An Appeal to Emperor Guangxu, 1898
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Source 19.2 Resistance to Change: Conservative Reactions after the Sino-Japanese War, late 19th/early 20th century
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Source 19.3 Gender, Reform, and Revolution: Qiu Jin, Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen, 1904
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Source 19.4 Cutting the Queue: The Modernization of China, 1911
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Source 19.5 Toward Revolution: Wang Jingwei, We Want a Republic, Not a Constitutional Monarchy, April 25, 1910
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Source 19.6 The Chinese Revolution of 1911: About the Insurrectional Movement in China, 1911
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895
Voice 19.1 David and Yurong Atwill on the Significance of the War for China, from Sources in Chinese History, 2010
Voice 19.2 James L. Huffman on the Significance of the War for Japan, from Japan in World History, 2010
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19. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Japan and the West in the Nineteenth Century
Source 19.1: Continuing Japanese Isolation: An Edict of Expulsion, 1825
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Source 19.2: The Debate: Expel the Barbarians: Tokugawa Nariaki: Memorial on the American Demand for a Treaty, 1853
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Source 19.3: The Debate: A Sumo Wrestler and a Foreigner: Yoshiku Utagawa: Throwing a Frenchman, 1861
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Source 19.4: The Debate: Eastern Ethics and Western Science: Sakuma Shozan: Reflections on My Errors, mid-1850s
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Source 19.5: Westernization: Toyohara Chikanobu: Women and Westernization, 1887
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Source 19.6: A Critique of Westernization: Honda Kinkichiro: Critique of Wholesale Westernization, 1879
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Source 19.7: War and Empire: Chomatsu Tomisato: Japan, Triumphant, 1904
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Source 19.8: Japan in the Early Twentieth Century: Okuma Shigenobu: Fifty Years of New Japan, 1907–1908
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Explaining Japan’s Transformation
Voice 19.1: James Huffman on Japan’s Historical Legacy and Its Meiji Leaders, From Japan in World History, 2010
Voice 19.2: James L. McClain on the International Context of Japan’s Transformation, From A Modern History of Japan, 2002
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PART 6 The Long Twentieth Century, 1900–present
THE BIG QUESTION The Long Twentieth Century: A New Period in World History?
LANDMARKS IN WORLD HISTORY (1900–present)
20. MILESTONES OF THE PAST CENTURY: WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1900–1950
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
The First World War: A European Crisis with a Global Impact, 1914–1918
Origins: The Beginnings of the Great War
Outcomes: Legacies of the Great War
The Russian Revolution and Soviet Communism
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
Democracy Denied: The Authoritarian Alternative
European Fascism
Hitler and the Nazis
Japanese Authoritarianism
A Second World War, 1937–1945
The Road to War in Asia
The Road to War in Europe
Consequences: The Outcomes of a Second Global Conflict
Communist Consolidation and Expansion: The Chinese Revolution
Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 20
ZOOMING IN: Hiroshima
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Ideologies of the Axis Powers
Source 20.1 Italian Fascism: Creating a New Roman Empire: School Exercise Book Celebrating Italy’s Victory over Ethiopia, 1937
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Source 20.2 Hitler on Nazism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), 1925–1926
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Source 20.3 Nazi Anti-Semitism: H. Schluter, Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew), 1937
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Source 20.4 The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan, 1937
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Source 20.5 Japanese Imperialism: Japanese Propaganda Poster of Manchuria under Japanese Occupation, 1933
Quiz for Source 20.5 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Anti-Semitism
Voice 20.1 Beth A. Griech-Polelle on Anti-Semitism Creating "Otherness," from Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, 2017
Voice 20.2 Daniel Goldhagen on the Uniqueness of German Anti-Semitism, from Hitler’s Willing Executioners, 1997
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20. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Experiencing World War I
Source 20.1: Experiences on the Battlefront
Julian Grenfell: Letter from a British Officer in the Trenches, November 18, 1914
John Nash: Painting: Over the Top, 1918
Hugo Mueller: Letter from a German Soldier on the Western Front, 1915
Behari Lal: Letter from a Soldier in the British Indian Army, 1917
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Source 20.2: On the Home Front
British Propaganda Poster: Women of Britain Say –– "Go!," 1915
Ivor Novello: Keep the Home Fires Burning, 1915
Editha von Krell: Recollections of Four Months Working in a German Munitions Factory, 1917
Berlin Police Reports, 1915
Quiz for Source 20.2 LaunchPad
Source 20.3: In the Aftermath of the Great War
Otto Dix: Painting: Prague Street, 1920
Erich Maria Remarque: All Quiet on the Western Front, 1929
Nar Diouf: A Senegalese Veteran’s Oral Testimony, 1919
Quiz for Source 20.3 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacies of World War I
Voice 20.1: John Keegan on the Legacies of World War I, From The First World War, 2000
Voice 20.2: Peter Frankopan on World War I and the Decline of Empire, From The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, 2015
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21. MILESTONES OF THE PAST CENTURY: A CHANGING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE, 1950–PRESENT
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Recovering from the War
Communism Chinese-Style
Building a Modern Society
Eliminating Enemies
East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War
Military Conflict and the Cold War
Nuclear Standoff and Third-World Rivalry
The Cold War and the Superpowers
Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence
The End of Empire in World History
Toward Independence in Asia and Africa
After Freedom
The End of the Communist Era
Beyond Mao in China
The Collapse of the Soviet Union
After Communism
Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 21
ZOOMING IN: The Cuban Revolution
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Mao’s China
Source 21.1 Revolution in Long Bow Village: William Hinton, Confronting Landlords and Husbands, 1948
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Source 21.2 A Vision of the New China: Poster "Work Hard for a New Age," 1970s
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Source 21.3 Socialism in the Countryside
Mao Zedong, On Communes, 1958
Socialism in the Countryside: Poster "The People’s Communes Are Good," 1958
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Source 21.4 Women, Nature, and Industrialization: Poster "Women Hold Up Half of Heaven," 1970
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Source 21.5 The Cult of Mao: Poster "Chairman Mao and Us Together," 1968
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Source 21.6 Experiencing the Cultural Revolution: Gao Yuan, Born Red, 1987
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing Mao
Voice 21.1 Maurice Meisner on Mao, Modernization, and Socialism, from Mao’s China and After, 1999
Voice 21.2 Frank Dikotter on Mao’s Great Famine, from Mao’s Great Famine, 2011
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21. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Articulating Independence
Source 21.1: Declaring Vietnam’s Independence: Ho Chi Minh: Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, September 2, 1945
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Source 21.2: An Image of Vietnam’s Independence: Fifty Years Later: Fiftieth Anniversary of Vietnamese Independence, 1995
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Source 21.3: India’s "Tryst with Destiny": Jawaharlal Nehru: Independence Day Speech, August 14, 1947
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Source 21.4: Another View of India’s Struggle for Independence: Gandhi and the Fight against British Colonialism, 1930-1931
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Source 21.5: One Africa: Kwame Nkrumah: Africa Must Unite, 1963
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Source 21.6: South African "Independence": Photograph of the First Post-Apartheid South African Election, 1994
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Source 21.7: Independence as Threat: Alvim Pereira: Ten Principles, 1961
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing African Independence
Voice 21.1: Basil Davidson on the Promise of Independence, From Let Freedom Come, 1978
Voice 21.2: George Ayittey on the Betrayal of Independence, From Africa Betrayed, 1992
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22. GLOBAL PROCESSES: TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY, 1900–PRESENT
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Technology: The Acceleration of Innovation
Generating Energy: Fossil Fuel Breakthroughs
Harnessing Energy: Transportation Breakthroughs
Harnessing Energy: Communication and Information Breakthroughs
Harnessing Energy: Military Breakthroughs
The Global Economy: The Acceleration of Entanglement
The Globalization of Industrialization: Development in the Global South
Re-globalization: Deepening Economic Connections
Growth, Instability, and Inequality
Pushback: Resistance to Economic Globalization
Producing and Consuming: The Shapes of Modern Societies
Life on the Land: The Decline of the Peasantry
The Changing Lives of Industrial Workers
The Service Sector and the Informal Economy
Global Middle Classes and Life at the Top
Getting Personal: Transformations of Private Life
Modernity and Personal Life
The State and Personal Life
Feminism and Personal Life
Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 22
CONTROVERSIES: Debating Globalization
Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad
ZOOMING IN: Anna Dubova, a Russian Woman, and the Soviet State
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Global Feminism
Source 22.1 Western Feminism in the Twenty-First Century
A Slutwalk Protest in London, 2012
A Demonstration for Women Workers’ Rights in Toulouse, France, 2017
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Source 22.2 Black American Feminism: Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977
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Source 22.3 Communist Feminism: Soviet Poster Advertising Support for Women Workers, 1949
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Source 22.4 Islamic Feminism: Benazir Bhutto, Politics and the Muslim Woman, 1995
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Source 22.5 Mexican Zapatista Feminists
Indigenous Women’s Petition, March 1, 1994
The Women’s Revolutionary Law, January 1, 1994
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Feminism: Tensions and Resistance
Voice 22.1 Merry Wiesner-Hanks on International Feminism, from Gender in History: Global Perspectives, 2011
Voice 22.2 Peter Stearns on Resistance to Global Feminism, from Gender in World History, 2015
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22. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Reflections on Technology
Source 22.1: Postcards of the Future: A French Artist Imagines Technological Change: Air Battles and Air Freight in the Future, 1910; The Horse as a Curiosity, 1910; The School of the Future, 1910; A Video-Telephone in the Year 2000, 1910
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Source 22.2: Depicting Communist Technology: Soviet Industry and Technology, 1933
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Source 22.3: Nehru and Gandhi on Technology and Industry: Nehru, The Discovery of India, 1946
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Source 22.4: "Technology with a Human Face": E. F. Schumacher, Small is Beautiful, 1973
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Source 22.5: Nuclear Technology and Fears of a Nuclear Holocaust
"The Climatic Effects of Nuclear War," 1984
Jonathan Schell, The Fate of the Earth, 1982
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Source 22.6: Technology and Climate Change
Piers Forster, Reversing Climate Change… Technologically, 2014
Jeffrey T. Kiehl, Facing Climate Change, 2016
José Ramos-Horta and Mohamed Nasheed: "Climate Change a Western Problem: Not Anymore," 2014
Quiz for Source 22.6 LaunchPad
HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Technological Change in the Twentieth Century
Voice 22.1: Trevor Williams on the Impacts of Technology in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, From A Short History of Twentieth-Century Technology c. 1900-c. 1950, 1982
Voice 22.2: J.R. McNeill on Challenges Overcome and Challenges Created in the Twentieth Century, From Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World, 2000
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23. GLOBAL PROCESSES: DEMOGRAPHY, CULTURE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 1900–PRESENT
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
More People: Quadrupling Human Numbers
People in Motion: Patterns of Migration
To the Cities: Global Urbanization
Moving Abroad: Long-Distance Migration
Microbes in Motion: Disease and Recent History
Cultural Identity in an Entangled World
Race, Nation, and Ethnicity
Popular Culture on the Move
Religion and Global Modernity
Humankind and the Environment: Entering the Anthropocene Era
The Global Environment Transformed
Changing the Climate
Protecting the Planet: The Rise of Environmentalism
Reflections: World History and the Making of Meaning
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance?
Big Picture Questions
Next Steps: For Further Study
Landmarks for Chapter 23
ZOOMING IN: Barbie and Her Competitors in the Muslim World
Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Summative Quiz LaunchPad
WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Contending for Islam
Source 23.1 A Secular State for an Islamic Society: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Speech to the General Congress of the Republican Party, 1927
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Source 23.2 Toward an Islamic Society: The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light, 1936
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Source 23.3 Two Images of Islamic Radicalism
The Violent Face of Islamic Radicalism, 2015
The Peaceful Face of Islamic Radicalism, 2015
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Source 23.4 The Sufi Alternative: Narendra Modi, Sufism and Islamic Radicalism, 2016
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Source 23.5 Progressive Islam: Kabir Helminski, Islam and Human Values, 2009
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Source 23.6 Debating the Burqa: Protests in London against French Ban of Face Concealment, 2011
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Perspectives on the Iranian Revolution
Voice 23.1 Francis Robinson on Islamic Renewal Movements, from The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, 1996
Voice 23.2 John Esposito on the Source of the Iranian Revolution, from The Oxford History of Islam, 1999
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23. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Experiencing International Migration
Source 23.1: Hana in Holland: Hana, Adapting to Holland, 2016
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Source 23.2: Ayaan Hirsi Ali in Holland: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, "From a Letter to My Grandmother," 2010
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Source 23.3: Left Behind in Morocco: Poem by a Moroccan Woman, 1978
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Source 23.4: Brain Drain: J. Nozipo Maraire, Zenzele: A Letter for My Daughter, 1996
Quiz for Source 23.4 LaunchPad
Source 23.5: The Politics of Immigration: A Cautious Welcome in Europe: Chancellor Angela Merkel, Speech to the European Parliament, October 7, 2015
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Source 23.6: The Politics of Immigration: Resentment and Resistance in Europe: Geert Wilders, Speech at the 'Europe of Nations and Freedom' Conference, 2017
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Source 23.7: From the Holocaust to Israel: Fund-Raising POster from Israel, 1950
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Source 23.8: The Palestinian Diaspora: "The Catastrophe" Memorialized, 2015
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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Immigration to the United States and Europe
Voice 23.1: Konrad Jarausch on Europe’s Shift from Emigration to Immigration, From Out of Ashes: A New History of Europe in the Twentieth Century, 2015
Voice 23.2: Tobias Brinkmann and Annemarie Sammartino on American and German Attitudes towards Immigration, From The United States and Germany during the Twentieth Century: Competition and Convergence, 2010
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