Ways of the World: A Brief Global History, Value Edition, Volume I

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.　
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-12.　
Volume 2 includes Chapters 12-23.

NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, quizzes for sources and features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, special features and the primary and secondary sources from the comprehensive edition, all of the documents from the companion reader　Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World, and quizzes for each of the documents in the companion reader – has been labeled on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Brief Contents
Contents
Maps
Prologue

PART 1 First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 600 b.c.e.

THE BIG PICTURE Turning Points in Early World History

The Emergence of Humankind

The Globalization of Humankind

The Revolution of Farming and Herding

The Turning Point of Civilization

Time and World History

1. FIRST PEOPLES; FIRST FARMERS: MOST OF HISTORY IN A SINGLE CHAPTER, TO 3500 B.C.E.

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Out of Africa: First Migrations

Into Eurasia

Into Australia

Into the Americas

Into the Pacific

Paleolithic Lifeways

The First Human Societies

Economy and the Environment

The Realm of the Spirit

Settling Down: The Great Transition

Breakthroughs to Agriculture

Common Patterns

Variations

The Globalization of Agriculture

Triumph and Resistance

The Culture of Agriculture

Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture

Pastoral Societies

Agricultural Village Societies

Chiefdoms

Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

CONTROVERSIES: Debating the Timescales of History

Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad

ZOOMING IN: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before Agriculture LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Australian Dreamtime LaunchPad

Source 1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 1.1 LaunchPad

Source 1.2 The Rainbow Serpent: The Rainbow Serpent Awakens, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 1.2 LaunchPad

Source 1.3 Explaining the World in Aboriginal Rock Art: Namondjok and the Lightning Man LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 1.3 LaunchPad

Source 1.4 Understanding Death: How Death Came: The Purukapali Myth, Oral tradition recorded in 20th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 1.4 LaunchPad

Source 1.5 Hunting in Aboriginal Rock Art: Aboriginal Hunters LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 1.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Australian Aboriginal Culture LaunchPad

Voice 1.1 Dale Kerwin on the Economic and Social Life of Aboriginal Australians, from Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes, 2012 LaunchPad

Voice 1.2 Barbara West on Aboriginal Dreamtime Cosmology, from A Brief History of Australia, 2010 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

1. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: History Before Writing: How Do We Know?
Source 1.1: A Gathering and Hunting Woman in the Twentieth Century: Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman: Life in the Bush, 1971

Quiz for Source 1.1 LaunchPad

Source 1.2: Paleolithic Rock Art: A Hunting Scene: Lascaux Rock Art, ca. 15000 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 1.2 LaunchPad

Source 1.3: Neolithic Art: A Goddess Figure? Female Figurine from Çatalhüyük, ca. 5000 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 1.3 LaunchPad

Source 1.4: Otzi the Ice Man: Artist’s Reconstruction of Otzi; Otzi the Ice Man’s Preserved Body

Quiz for Source 1.1 LaunchPad

Source 1.5: Monumental Stone Construction in the Neolithic Era: Stonehenge, ca. 1600 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 1.5 LaunchPad

Draw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources LaunchPad

Essay Questions for Thinking through Sources LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Transition to Agriculture

Voice 1.1: Jared Diamond on the Decision to Farm, 1997

Voice 1.2: Yuval Noah Harari on the Myth of Progress through Agriculture, 2015

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

2. FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: CITIES, STATES, AND UNEQUAL SOCIETIES, 3500 B.C.E.–600 B.C.E.

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations

Introducing the First Civilizations

The Question of Origins

An Urban Revolution

The Erosion of Equality

Hierarchies of Class

Hierarchies of Gender

Patriarchy in Practice

The Rise of the State

Coercion and Consent

Writing and Accounting

The Grandeur of Kings

Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt

Environment and Culture

Cities and States

Interaction and Exchange

Reflections: "Civilization": What’s in a Word?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: Caral, a City of Norte Chico LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Indus Valley Civilization LaunchPad

Source 2.1 Cityscape of Mohenjo Daro: Wall Painting of Mohenjo Daro Reconstruction, 20th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 2.1 LaunchPad

Source 2.2 A Seal from the Indus Valley: A Humped Cattle Seal from Mohenjo Daro, 19th century b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 2.2 LaunchPad

Source 2.3 Man from Mohenjo Daro: A Royal Priest of Harappa, 3rd millennium b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 2.3 LaunchPad

Source 2.4 Cart and Oxen from Monhenjo Daro: Stone Model of a Cart Pulled by Two Oxen, ca. 2400 b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 2.4 LaunchPad

Source 2.5 Dancing Girl: An Indus Valley Girl, ca. 2500 b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 2.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The State . . . or Its Absence . . . in the Indus Valley LaunchPad

Voice 2.1 Gregory Possehl on Indus Valley Civilization in Context, from The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, 2002 LaunchPad

Voice 2.2 Jonathan Kenoyer on Political Life in the Indus Valley, from Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, 1998 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

2. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Social Life in the First Civilizations

Source 2.1: Law and Life in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Law Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1750 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 2.1 LaunchPad

Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur: Peace Panel; War Panel, ca. 2500 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 2.3 LaunchPad

Source 2.3: The Occupations of Old Egypt: Be a Scribe, ca. 2066–1650 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 2.3 LaunchPad

Source 2.4: The Social Relationships of Egyptian Agriculture: Agricultural Scenes from the Tomb of Menna, Fourteenth Century B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 2.4 LaunchPad

Source 2.5: Social Life in Ancient China: The Book of Songs, ca. 1046–771 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 2.5 LaunchPad

Source 2.6: Socializing with Ancestors: A Ritual Food Container, ca. 1050 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 2.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: 　Sumerian Society

Voice 2.1: Lauren Ristvet on Sumerian Specialization, 2007

Voice 2.2: Samuel Kramer on Scribes and Schools, 1956

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

PART 2 Continuity and Change in the Second-Wave Era, 600 b.c.e.–600 c.e.

THE BIG PICTURE The Globalization of Civilization

3. STATE AND EMPIRE IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks

The Persian Empire

The Greeks

Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars

Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era

Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese

Rome: From City-State to Empire

China: From Warring States to Empire

Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires

The Collapse of Empires

Intermittent Empire: The Case of India

Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient World LaunchPad

Source 3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia: Herodotus, The Histories, mid-5th century b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 3.1 LaunchPad

Source 3.2 A Greek Goldsmith Depicts the Scythians: Scythian Cup, Crimea, 4th century b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 3.2 LaunchPad

Source 3.3 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 3.3 LaunchPad

Source 3.4 A Roman Depiction of Sarmatians: Scene from Trajan’s Column, Rome, 107–113 c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 3.4 LaunchPad

Source 3.5 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, ca. 100 b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 3.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Early Sources on Foreign Cultures LaunchPad

Voice 3.1 Stephen Gosch and Peter Stearns on Travelers’ Accounts as Historical Sources, from Premodern Travel in World History, 2008 LaunchPad

Voice 3.2 Jerry Bentley on the Idea of "Barbarian," from Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times, 1993 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

3. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Political Authority in Second-Wave Civilizations

Source 3.1: The Triumphs of the Persian Emperor Darius: Behistun Inscription: The Sculpture; Opening Lines, ca. 500 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 3.1 LaunchPad

Source 3.2: In Praise of Athenian Democracy: Pericles: Funeral Oration, 431–430 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 3.1 LaunchPad

Source 3.3: Depicting the First Roman Emperor: Augustus Statue; Augustus Statue: The Breastplate, First Century B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 3.2 LaunchPad

Source 3.4: Governing a Chinese Empire: The Writings of Master Han Fei, Third Century B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 3.4 LaunchPad

Source 3.5: A Chinese Emperor Prepares for his Death: Qin Shihuangdi Funerary Complex; Archer; Bronze Horse-Drawn Cart, Third Century B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 3.5 LaunchPad

Source 3.6: Governing an Indian Empire: Ashoka, The Rock Edicts, ca. 268-232 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 3.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES:  Emperors in the Second Wave Era

Voice 3.1: Yuri Pines on the Authority and Power of a Chinese Emperor, 2012

Voice 3.2: Kevin McGeough on the First Roman Emperor, 2004

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

4. CULTURE AND RELIGION IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

China and the Search for Order

The Legalist Answer

The Confucian Answer

The Daoist Answer

Cultural Traditions of Classical India

South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation

The Buddhist Challenge

Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion

Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East

Zoroastrianism

Judaism

The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order

The Greek Way of Knowing

The Greek Legacy

The Birth of Christianity . . . with Buddhist Comparisons

The Lives of the Founders

The Spread of New Religions

Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions

Reflections: Religion and Historians

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: Perpetua, Christian Martyr LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

CONTROVERSIES: Debating Religion and the Axial Age

Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Representations of the Buddha LaunchPad

Source 4.1 A Greco-Indian Buddha: The Temptation of the Buddha LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 4.1 LaunchPad

Source 4.2 A Classical Indian Buddha: An Indian Buddha LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 4.2 LaunchPad

Source 4.3 The Reputation of the Buddha in Ancient Buddhist Stories: The Greater Discourse to Sakuludayin, ca. 1st century b.c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 4.3 LaunchPad

Source 4.4 A Korean Bodhisattva of Compassion: A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 4.4 LaunchPad

Source 4.5 The Buddha and the Outcast: Sunita the Outcaste LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 4.5 LaunchPad

Source 4.6 A Chinese Buddha: The Chinese Maitreya Buddha LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 4.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On the Buddha LaunchPad

Voice 4.1 John Strong on the Context of the Buddha’s Life, from The Buddha: A Short Biography, 2001 LaunchPad

Voice 4.2 Karen Armstrong on the Buddha and Biography, from Buddha, 2001 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

4. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The "Good Life" in Asian Cultural Traditions

Source 4.1: Reflections from Confucius: Confucius: The Analects, ca. 479–221 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 4.1 LaunchPad

Source 4.2: Filial Piety Illustrated: Children Honoring Parents, ca. 200 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 4.2 LaunchPad

Source 4.3: A Daoist Perspective on the Good Life: Laozi: Daodejing, 500 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 4.3 LaunchPad

Source 4.4: Reflections from the Hindu Scriptures: Bhagavad Gita, ca. Fifth to Second Century B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 4.4 LaunchPad

Source 4.5: Reflections from Jesus: The Gospel of Matthew, ca. 70–100 C.E.

Quiz for Source 4.5 LaunchPad

Source 4.6: Toward "Mature Manhood": Ladder of Divine Ascent, ca. Sixth or Seventh Century

Quiz for Source 4.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Historical Jesus

Voice 4.1: Reza Aslan on Jesus as Zealot, 2013

Voice 4.2: Marcus Borg on Jesus as Spirit Person, 1995

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

5. SOCIETY AND INEQUALITY IN EURASIA / NORTH AFRICA, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Society and the State in China

An Elite of Officials

The Landlord Class

Peasants

Merchants

Class and Caste in India

Caste as Varna

Caste as Jati

The Functions of Caste

Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire

Slavery and Civilization

The Making of Roman Slavery

Comparing Patriarchies

A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China

Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta

Reflections: What Changes? What Persists?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: The Spartacus Slave Revolt LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World LaunchPad

Source 5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife: An Elite Couple of Pompeii, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 5.1 LaunchPad

Source 5.2 A Pompeii Banquet: A Dinner with Friends, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 5.2 LaunchPad

Source 5.3 From a Pompeii Tavern: An Evening Out at a Pompeii Bar, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 5.3 LaunchPad

Source 5.4 The Graffiti of Pompeii: The Grafitti of Pompeii, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 5.4 LaunchPad

Source 5.5 Household Religion in Pompeii: A Household Shrine from Pompeii, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 5.5 LaunchPad

Source 5.6 Mystery Religion in Pompeii: An Initiation Ritual, 1st century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 5.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Pompeii LaunchPad

Voice 5.1 Mary Beard on the Artifacts of Pompeii, from "Pompeii Exhibition," 2017 LaunchPad

Voice 5.2 Andrew Wilson and Miko Flohr on the Economy of Pompeii, from The Economy of Pompeii, 2017 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

5. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Patriarchy and Women’s Voices

Source 5.1: A Greek Expression of Patriarchy: Aristotle: "On a Good Wife," ca. 330 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 5.1 LaunchPad

Source 5.2: Gravestone Image of a Greek Husband and Wife: A Greek Cemetery Sculpture, ca. 400 B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 5.2 LaunchPad

Source 5.3: An Indian Expression of Patriarchy: The Laws of Manu, 200–400 C.E.

Quiz for Source 5.3 LaunchPad

Source 5.4: A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her Daughters: Ban Zhao:　Lessons for Women, Late First Century C.E.

Quiz for Source 5.4 LaunchPad

Source 5.5: An Alternative to Patriarchy in India: Psalms of the Sisters, First Century B.C.E.

Quiz for Source 5.5 LaunchPad

Source 5.6: Roman Women in Protest: Livy: History of Rome, Early First Century C.E.

Quiz for Source 5.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Elite Greek Women in the Public Sphere LaunchPad

Voice 5.1: Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones on the Veil in Ancient Greece, From Aphrodite’s Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece, 2003 LaunchPad

Voice 5.2: Joan Breton Connelly on Priestesses and Public Life in Ancient Greece, From Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, 2007 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

6. COMMONALITIES AND VARIATIONS: AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, AND PACIFIC OCEANIA, 600 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Continental Comparisons

Civilizations of Africa

Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization

Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom

Along the Niger River: Cities without States

Civilizations of Mesoamerica

The Maya: Writing and Warfare

Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City

Civilizations of the Andes

Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement

Moche: A Civilization of the Coast

Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior

Alternatives to Civilization

Bantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social Variation

North America: Ancestral Pueblo and Mound Builders

Pacific Oceania: Peoples of the Sea

Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in the Writing of World History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of Cao LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Axum and the World LaunchPad

Source 6.1 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, 2nd or 3rd century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 6.1 LaunchPad

Source 6.2 The Columns of Axum: An Axumite Monument, late 3rd or early 4th century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 6.2 LaunchPad

Source 6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, late 4th century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 6.3 LaunchPad

Source 6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Gold Trade of Axum, 6th century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 6.4 LaunchPad

Source 6.5 Axum Gold Coin: A "Christian Coin" from Axum LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 6.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian Axum

Voice 6.1 Erik Gilbert and Jonathan Reynolds on the Transregional Nature of Early Christianity, from African World History, 2004 LaunchPad

Voice 6.2 Christopher Ehret on the Role of Trade in the Coming of Christianity to Axum, from The Civilizations of Africa, 2002 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

6. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Art and the Maya Elite

Source 6.1: A Royal Couple from Yaxchilan: Stone Carving of Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok, 724 C.E.

Quiz for Source 6.1 LaunchPad

Source 6.2: Mayan Prisoners of War and Their Captors: Mural Depicting the Presentation of Captives, 792 C.E.

Quiz for Source 6.2 LaunchPad

Source 6.3: Nourishing the Gods: Stone Carving of a Bloodletting Ritual, 709 C.E.

Quiz for Source 6.3 LaunchPad

Source 6.4: Sport as Recreation and Ritual: Vase Painting of a Ball Game, Seventh or Eighth Century

Quiz for Source 6.4 LaunchPad

Source 6.5: A Maya Ruler Relaxing: Image of a Maya King at Leisure, Seventh or Eighth Century

Quiz for Source 6.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Comparing the Maya with Other Civilizations

Voice 6.1: Charles C. Mann on Mayan Political Culture, From 1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus, 2011

Voice 6.2: J.R. McNeill and William H. McNeill on Mayan Agriculture, From The Human Web: A Bird’s-Eye View of World History, 2003

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

PART 3 Civilizations and Encounters during the Third-Wave Era, 600–1450

THE BIG PICTURE Patterns and Processes of the Third-Wave Era

Third-Wave Civilizations

The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era

7. COMMERCE AND CULTURE, 600–1450

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia

The Growth of the Silk Roads

Goods in Transit

Cultures in Transit

Disease in Transit

Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean

Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World

Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia

Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa

Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara

Commercial Beginnings in West Africa

Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa

An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere

Reflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and Modern

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: The Arabian Camel LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Travelers’ Tales and Observations LaunchPad

Source 7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India: Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, 7th century c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 7.1 LaunchPad

Source 7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 7.2 LaunchPad

Source 7.3 A European Artist Depicts Asia: The Marvelous Races of the East, ca. 1410 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 7.3 LaunchPad

Source 7.4 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and Description of Africa, 1526 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 7.4 LaunchPad

Source 7.5 A Korean World Map: The Honkōji Copy of the Kangnido Map, Korea, 15th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 7.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: On Travel Writers LaunchPad

Voice 7.1 John Larner on Whether Polo Really Traveled to China, from Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, 1999 LaunchPad

Voice 7.2 Natalie Zemon Davis on Leo Africanus’s Audiences, from Trickster Travels: A Sixteenth-Century Muslim between Worlds, 2006 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

7. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Life and Travel on the Silk Roads

Source 7.1: Dangers and Assistance on the Silk Roads: Cave Painting of Silk Road Merchants Encountering Bandits, Eighth Century

Quiz for Source 7.1 LaunchPad

Source 7.2: Travel on the Silk Roads: Francesco Pegolotti: Advice for European Merchants Traveling to China, ca. 1340

Quiz for Source 7.2 LaunchPad

Source 7.3: Stopping at a Caravanserai: Mural Depicting a Caravanserai Site, Sixth Century

Quiz for Source 7.3 LaunchPad

Source 7.4: Buddhism on the Silk Roads: Regulations for a Community of Monks, Third Century C.E.; Faxian: A Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms, ca. 416

Quiz for Source 7.4 LaunchPad

Source 7.5: Christianity on the Silk Roads: The Jesus Sutras, 635–1005

Quiz for Source 7.5 LaunchPad

Source 7.6: Letters from the Silk Road: From a Soldier on Guard Duty, 103 B.C.E–40 C.E.; From an Abandoned Wife, Early Fourth Century C.E.

Quiz for Source 7.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Importance of the Silk Roads

Voice 7.1: Valerie Hansen on the Least Traveled Route, From The Silk Road: A New History, 2012

Voice 7.2: Zinru Liu on the Importance of the Silk Roads, From The Silk Roads: A Brief History with Documents, 2012

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

8. CHINA AND THE WORLD: EAST ASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1300

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China

A "Golden Age" of Chinese Achievement

Women in the Song Dynasty

China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making

The Tribute System in Theory

The Tribute System in Practice

Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier

Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan

Korea and China

Vietnam and China

Japan and China

China and the Eurasian World Economy

Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia

On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary

China and Buddhism

Making Buddhism Chinese

Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism

Reflections: Why Do Things Change?

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: Gunpowder LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: China’s Scholar-Officials LaunchPad

Source 8.1 Scholar-Officials and the Emperor: Scholars Gathering in a Bamboo Garden LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 8.1 LaunchPad

Source 8.2 A Gathering of Scholars: Scholars of the Liuli Hall, late 13th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 8.2 LaunchPad

Source 8.3 A Solitary Scholar: Ma Yuan, On a Mountain Path in Spring, early 13th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 8.3 LaunchPad

Source 8.4 Tang Dynasty Poetry LaunchPad

Li Po, The Mountain and Me, 8th century

Li Po, Drinking Alone with the Moon, 8th century

Wang Wei, My Retreat at Mount Zhongnan, 8th century

Du Fu, A View of Taishan, 8th century

Quiz for Source 8.4 LaunchPad

Source 8.5 Scholar-Officials at Play: Gu Hongzhong, The Night Revels of Han Xizai, 10th century LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 8.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing China’s Scholar-Officials LaunchPad

Voice 8.1 Jacques Garnet on the "Learned Culture" of Song Dynasty China, from A History of Chinese Civilization, 1996 LaunchPad

Voice 8.2 David Hinton on "Public Service" and "Mountain Seclusion," from Mountain Home: The Wilderness Poetry of Ancient China, 2005 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

8. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The Making of Japanese Civilization

Source 8.1: Japanese Political Thinking: Shotoku: The Seventeen Article Constitution, 604 C.E.

Quiz for Source 8.1 LaunchPad

Source 8.2: The Uniqueness of Japan: Kitabatake Chikafusa: The Chronicle of the Direct Descent of Gods and Sovereigns, 1339

Quiz for Source 8.2 LaunchPad

Source 8.3: Social Life at Court: Sei Shonagon: Pillow Book, ca. 1000

Quiz for Source 8.3 LaunchPad

Source 8.4: Japanese Zen Buddhism: Su Dongpo in Straw Hat and Wooden Shoes, Fifteenth Century

Quiz for Source 8.4 LaunchPad

Source 8.5: The Way of the Warrior: Shiba Yoshimasa: Advice to Young Samurai, ca. 1400; Imagawa Ryoshun: The Imagawa Letter, 1412

Quiz for Source 8.5 LaunchPad

Source 8.6: Samurai and the "Arts of Peace": Kojima Takanori Writing a Poem on a Cherry Tree, Fourteenth Century

Quiz for Source 8.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: China’s Influence in the Making of Japanese Civilization

Voice 8.1: Milton Walter Meyer on China’s Influence on Japan’s First Imperial State, From Japan: A Concise History, 2009

Voice 8.2: Matthew Stavros on China’s Influence on the Capital City of Kyoto, From Kyoto: an urban history of Japan’s premodern capital, 2014

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9. THE WORLDS OF ISLAM: AFRO-EURASIAN CONNECTIONS, 600–1450

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

The Birth of a New Religion

The Homeland of Islam

The Messenger and the Message

The Transformation of Arabia

The Making of an Arab Empire

War, Conquest, and Tolerance

Conversion

Divisions and Controversies

Women and Men in Early Islam

Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison

The Case of India

The Case of Anatolia

The Case of West Africa

The Case of Spain

The World of Islam as a New Civilization

Networks of Faith

Networks of Exchange

Reflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of Islam LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE : The Islamic World in the Seventh Century

Source 9.1 Muhammad and the Angel Gabriel: Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel, ca. 1307 LaunchPad

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Source 9.2 Muhammad in Jerusalem: Aqa Mirak, The Night Journey of Muhammad, ca. 16th century LaunchPad

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Source 9.3 Victory in Mecca: Mir Havand, The Cleansing of the Kaaba, ca. 1590 LaunchPad

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Source 9.4 Conflict and Division: The Emergence of Shia Islam: Ali ibn Husayn, Poem, ca. 680 LaunchPad

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Source 9.5 Conquest LaunchPad

Text of Thomas the Presbyter, 640 c.e.

Pact of Ibn Muslama and the People of Tiflis, 653

Quiz for Source 9.5 LaunchPad

Source 9.6 Governing an Empire: Caliph Ali, Letter to Malik Ashtar, 658 c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 9.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Prophet Muhammad LaunchPad

Voice 9.1 Francis Robinson on Western Attitudes to Muhammad, from Cambridge Illustrated History: Islamic World, 1996 LaunchPad

Voice 9.2 Karen Armstrong on Muslim Devotion to the Prophet, from Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet, 1992 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

9. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Voices of Islam

Source 9.1: The Voice of Allah: The Quran, Seventh Century C.E.

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Source 9.2: The Voice of the Prophet Muhammad: The Hadiths, Eighth and Ninth Centuries

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Source 9.3: The Voice of the Law: The Sharia, Ninth Century

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Source 9.4: The Voice of the Sufis: Inscription in Rumi’s Tomb, Thirteenth Century; Rumi: Poem, Thirteenth Century; Rumi: Mathnawi, Thirteenth Century

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Source 9.5: Islamic Practice in West Africa: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa, 1354

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Source 9.6: Men and Women at Worship: A Painting of a Muslim Congregation in a Mosque, Sixteenth Century

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HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Significance of Sufism

Voice 9.1: John Esposito on Sufi Spirituality, From The Islamic Threat: Myth of Reality, 1992

Voice 9.2: Nile Green on Sufi Power, From Sufism: A Global History, 2012

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

10. THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM: CONTRACTION, EXPANSION, AND DIVISION, 600–1450 　

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa

Asian Christianity

African Christianity

Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past

The Byzantine State

The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence

Byzantium and the World

The Conversion of Russia

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse

Political Life in Western Europe

Society and the Church

Accelerating Change in the West

Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition

The West in Comparative Perspective

Catching Up

Pluralism in Politics

Reason and Faith

Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of Christendom

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried Woman LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: The Remaking of Western Europe LaunchPad

Source 10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, late 6th Century LaunchPad

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Source 10.2 Advice on Dealing with "Pagans": Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 601 LaunchPad

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Source 10.3 Pagan Art and Christian Texts: Lindisfarne Gospel, 698–721 LaunchPad

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Source 10.4 Germanic Law: Burgundian Code, ca. 474 c.e. LaunchPad

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Source 10.5 Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel: Aachen Palace Chapel, completed 805 c.e. LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 10.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Legacy of Rome LaunchPad

Voice 10.1 Blockmans and Hoppenbrouwers on the End of Roman Civilization, from Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500, 2014 LaunchPad

Voice 10.2 Cunliffe on Charlemagne, from Europe between the Oceans, 9000 BC–AD 1000, 2008 LaunchPad

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Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

10. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: The Crusades as Cultural Encounter

Source 10.1: A Western Christian Perspective: Pope Urban II: Speech at Clermont, 1095

Quiz for Source 10.1 LaunchPad

Source 10.2: Jewish Experience of the Crusades: Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle: An Account of Attacks on Jews during the First Crusade, Early to Mid-Twelfth Century

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Source 10.3: Muslim Perspectives on the Crusades: Ibn al-Athir: The Complete History, ca. 1231

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Source 10.4: Jerusalem and the Crusades in European Art: The Looting of Jerusalem, 1099; How Jerusalem Was Captured by Saladin, 1187

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Source 10.5: A Byzantine Perspective on the Crusades: Nicetas Choniates: The Sack of Constantinople, 1204

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Source 10.6: Admiration and Accommodation across the Religious Divide: Usmah Ibn Munqidh: Christian Piety and Muslim Piety, Mid-Twelfth Century; Fulcher of Chartres: The Latins in the East, Early Twelfth Century

Quiz for Source 10.6 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: The Pope’s Agenda for the First Crusade

Voice 10.1: David Levine on Success in Reigning in Noble Violence, From At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000, 2001

Voice 10.2: Malcolm Barber on Religious Reconciliation and the First Crusade, From The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050-1320, 1992

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

11. PASTORAL PEOPLES ON THE GLOBAL STAGE: THE MONGOL MOMENT, 1200–1450

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

The Long History of Pastoral Peoples

The World of Pastoral Societies

Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History

Breakout: The Mongol Empire

From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire

Explaining the Mongol Moment

Encountering the Mongols in China, Persia, and Russia

China and the Mongols

Persia and the Mongols

Russia and the Mongols

The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network

Toward a World Economy

Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale

Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm

The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic

Reflections: Changing Images of Pastoral Peoples

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of Japan LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

CONTROVERSIES: Debating Empires

Quiz for Controversies LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Perceptions of the Mongols LaunchPad

Source 11.1 The Self-Perception of Mongol Rulers LaunchPad

Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219

The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240

Quiz for Source 11.1 LaunchPad

Source 11.2 Picturing Khubilai Khan LaunchPad

Liu Guandao, Khubilai on a Hunt, 1280

Marco Polo and Khubilai Khan, 15th century

Khubilai Khan in Council with His Courtiers and Scribes, 1590

Quiz for Source 11.2 LaunchPad

Source 11.3 A Persian View of the Conquest of Bukhara: Juvaini, The History of the World Conqueror, 1219 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 11.3 LaunchPad

Source 11.4 A European View of Mongol Life: William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 11.4 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Assessing the Mongol Impact LaunchPad

Voice 11.1 Jack Weatherford on the Mongols in World History, from Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, 2004 LaunchPad

Voice 11.2 Paul S. Ropp on the Mongol Impact on China’s Economy, from China in World History, 2010 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

11. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Living and Dying During the Black Death

Source 11.1: The Black Death in the Islamic World: Ibn al-Wardi: Report of the Pestilence, 1348

Quiz for Source 11.1 LaunchPad

Source 11.2: The Black Death in Western Europe: Giovanni Boccaccio: The Decameron, Mid-Fourteenth Century

Quiz for Source 11.2 LaunchPad

Source 11.3: The Black Death in Byzantium: Emperor John VI of Byzantium: Historarum, Mid- to Late Fourteenth Century

Quiz for Source 11.3 LaunchPad

Source 11.4: Religious Responses in the Islamic World: Ibn Kathir: The Beginning and the End: On History, ca. 1350–1351

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Source 11.5: Picturing Religious Responses in the Christian World: The Flagellants, 1349; A Culture of Death, 1463

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Source 11.6: The Black Death and European Jews: Jacob Von Königshofen: About the Great Plague and the Burning of the Jews, ca. Early Fifteenth Century

Quiz for Source 11.6 LaunchPad

Source 11.7: A Government’s Response to the Plague: Ordinances against the Spread of Plague, Pistoia, 1348

Quiz for Source 11.7 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Winners and Losers in Europe after the Plague

Voice 11.1 Harry Miskimin on the Rural Economy after the Plague, From The Economy of Early Renaissance Europe, 1300-1460, 1975

Voice 11.2: Mavis Mate on the Effects of the Black Death on Women, From Daughters, Wives, and Widows after the Black Death, 1998

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

12. THE WORLDS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY

Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad

Societies and Cultures of the Fifteenth Century

Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America

Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois

Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe

Ming Dynasty China

European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal

European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World

In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires

On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas

The Aztec Empire

The Inca Empire

Webs of Connection

After 1500: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era

Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History

Second Thoughts

What’s the Significance?

Big Picture Questions

Chronology

ZOOMING IN: 1453 in Constantinople LaunchPad

Quiz for Zooming In LaunchPad

LearningCurve LaunchPad

Summative Quiz LaunchPad

WORKING WITH EVIDENCE: Islam and Renaissance Europe LaunchPad

Source 12.1 Portrait of Mehmed II: Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II, ca. 1479 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 12.1 LaunchPad

Source 12.2 Machiavelli on the Turkish State: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 12.2 LaunchPad

Source 12.3 Venetian Trade in the Middle East: The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus, 1511 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 12.3 LaunchPad

Source 12.4 Greek and Islamic Philosophers in Renaissance Art: Aristotle and Averroes, 1483 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 12.4 LaunchPad

Source 12.5 A Papal Call for Crusade: Pope Clement VI, Call for Crusade, September 30, 1343 LaunchPad

Quiz for Source 12.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: Christian/Muslim Relations during the Renaissance LaunchPad

Voice 12.1 Jerry Brotton on the Role of Cross-cultural Exchange in the European Renaissance, from The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo, 2002 LaunchPad

Voice 12.2 Bernard Lewis on Hostility between Christians and Muslims, from Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery, 1995 LaunchPad

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad

Documents from Thinking through Sources for Ways of the World LaunchPad

12. THINKING THROUGH SOURCES: Early Encounters; First Impressions

Source 12.1: Cadamosto in a West African Chiefdom: Alvise da Cadamosto: On Meeting with Budomel, 1455

Quiz for Source 12.1 LaunchPad

Source 12.2: Vasco da Gama at Calicut, India: A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1498

Quiz for Source 12.2 LaunchPad

Source 12.3: Celebrating de Gama’s Arrival in Calicut, Tapestry Depicting the Arrival of da Gama at Calicut, Early Sixteenth Century

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Source 12.4: Columbus in the Caribbean: Christopher Columbus: Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella, 1493

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Source 12.5: Columbus Engraved: Columbus Arriving on Hispaniola, 1594

Quiz for Source 12.5 LaunchPad

HISTORIANS’ VOICES: 　Assessing Christopher Columbus and his Legacy

Voice 12.1: Zvi Dor-Ner on Christopher Columbus’s Legacy, From Columbus and the Age of Discovery, 1991

Voice 12.2: Charles Mann on Remembering Columbus, From 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2012

Quiz for Historians’ Voices LaunchPad