Through Women's Eyes

CONTENTS
PREFACE FOR INSTRUCTORS
SPECIAL FEATURES
INTRODUCTION FOR STUDENTS

CHAPTER 1 America in the World: To 1650
NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN
Indigenous Peoples before 1492
The Pueblo Peoples
Reading into the Past Two Sisters and Acoma Origins
The Iroquois Confederacy
Native Women’s Worlds
Reading into the Past CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Letter to Lord Raphael Sánchez, Treasurer to Ferdinand and Isabella
EUROPEANS ARRIVE
Early Spanish Expansion
Spain’s Northern Frontier
Fish and Furs in the North
Early British Settlements
AFRICAN WOMEN AND THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
Women in West Africa
The Early Slave Trade
Racializing Slavery
African Slavery in the Americas
CONCLUSION: MANY BEGINNINGS
PRIMARY SOURCES: European Images of Native American Women
Theodor Galle, America (c. 1580) • Indians Planting Corn, from Theodor de Bry, Great Voyages (1590) • Canadian Iroquois Women Making Maple Sugar, from Joseph-François Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages Amériquains (1724) • John White, Theire sitting at meate (c. 1585–1586) • John White, A Chief Lady of Pomeiooc and Her Daughter • John White, Indians Dancing Around a Circle of Posts (1590) • John White, Eskimo Woman (1577) • Pocahontas Convinces Her Father, Chief Powhatan, to Spare the Life of Captain John Smith, from John Smith, Generall Historie of Virginia (1624) • Pocahontas (1616)

CHAPTER 2 Colonial Worlds, 1607–1750
SOUTHERN BRITISH COLONIES
British Women in the South
Reading into the Past The Trappan’d Maiden: or, The Distressed Damsel
African Women
NORTHERN BRITISH COLONIES
The Puritan Search for Order: The Family and the Law
Disorderly Women
Reading into the Past Trial of Anne Hutchinson
Women’s Work and Consumption Patterns
Dissenters from Dissenters: Women in Pennsylvania
Reading into the Past JANE FENN HOSKENS, Quaker Preacher
OTHER EUROPES/OTHER AMERICAS
New Netherland
New France
New Spain

CONCLUSION: THE DIVERSITY OF AMERICAN WOMEN

PRIMARY SOURCES: By and About Colonial Women
Letters: ELIZA LUCAS PINCKNEY, To Miss Bartlett • ELIZABETH SPRIGS, To Mr. John Sprigs White Smith in White Cross Street Near Cripple Gate London
Newspaper Advertisements: South Carolina Gazette, Charleston (October 22, 1744) • South Carolina Gazette, Charleston (December 23, 1745)• Boston Gazette (April 28, 1755) • Boston Gazette (June 20, 1735)
Legal Proceedings: Michael Baisey’s Wife (1654) • Judith Catchpole (1656) • Mrs. Agatha Stubbings (1645) • Elizabeth (Tilley) Howland (1686) •Laws on Women and Slavery • Laws of Virginia (1643, 1662)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Depictions of “Family” in Colonial America
Elizabeth Freake and Child • Johannes and Elsie Schuyler • The Potter Family • Mestizo Family • Mulatto Family • Indian Family

CHAPTER 3 Mothers and Daughters of the Revolution, 1750–1800
BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTION, 1754–1775
The Growing Confrontation
Liberty’s Daughters: Women and the Emerging Crisis
Reading into the Past HANNAH GRIFFITS, The Female Patriots, Address’d to the Daughters of Liberty in America
WOMEN AND THE FACE OF WAR, 1775–1783
Choosing Sides: Native American and African American Women
White Women: Pacifists, Tories, and Patriots
Maintaining the Troops: The Women Who Served
Reading into the Past ESTHER DEBERDT REED, Sentiments of an American Woman
REVOLUTIONARY ERA LEGACIES
A Changing World for Native American Women
African American Women: Freedom and Slavery
White Women: An Ambiguous Legacy
Women and Religion: The Great Awakening

CONCLUSION: TO THE MARGINS OF POLITICAL ACTION

PRIMARY SOURCES: Portraits of Revolutionary Women
John Singleton Copley, Mercy Otis Warren (1763) • Scipio Moorhead, Phillis Wheatley (1773) • Susan Anne Livingston Ridley Sedgwick, Elizabeth Freeman (“Mum Bett”) (1811) • Jemima Wilkinson (1816) • Joseph Stone, Deborah Sampson (1797)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Gendering Images of the Revolution
“A Society of Patriotic Ladies” (1774) • Miss Fanny’s Maid (1770) • “Banner of Washington’s Life Guard” (date unknown) • Edward Savage, “Liberty in the Form of the Goddess of Youth Giving Support to the Bald Eagle” (1796) • Samuel Jennings, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences (1792)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Phillis Wheatley, Poet and Slave Letters • To Arbour Tanner • To Rev. Samson Occom Poems • On Being Brought from Africa to America • To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for North America
PRIMARY SOURCES: Education and Republican Motherhood
“A Peculiar Mode of Education” • BENJAMIN RUSH, Thoughts upon Female Education (1787) • “All That Independence Which Is Proper to Humanity”
JUDITH SARGENT MURRAY, Observations of Female Abilities (1798)

CHAPTER 4 Pedestal, Loom, and Auction Block, 1800–1860
THE IDEOLOGY OF TRUE WOMANHOOD
Christian Motherhood
Reading into the Past CATHARINE BEECHER, The Peculiar Responsibilities of the American Woman
A Middle-Class Ideology
Domesticity in a Market Age
WOMEN AND WAGE EARNING
From Market Revolution to Industrial Revolution
The Mill Girls of Lowell
The End of the Lowell Idyll
At the Bottom of the Wage Economy
WOMEN AND SLAVERY
Plantation Patriarchy
Plantation Mistresses
Non-Elite White Women
Slave Women
Reading into the Past MARY BOYKIN CHESNUT, Slavery a Curse to Any Land
Reading into the Past HARRIET JACOBS, Trials of Girlhood
Reading into the Past BELOVED CHILDREN, Cherokee Women Petition the National Council

CONCLUSION: TRUE WOMANHOOD AND THE REALITY OF WOMEN’S LIVES

PRIMARY SOURCE Prostitution in New York City, 1858
WILLIAM W. SANGER, The History of Prostitution: Its Extent, Causes, and Effects throughout the World (1858)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Two Slave Love Stories
WILLIAM AND ELLEN CRAFT, Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; or, The Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery (1860) • POLLY SHINE, WPA Interview (1938)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Godey’s Lady’s Book
The Constant, or the Anniversary Present (1851) • The Teacher (1844) • Purity (1850) • Cooks (1852) • Shoe Shopping (1848)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Early Photographs of Factory Operatives and Slave Women
Four Women Mill Workers (1860) • Two Women Mill Workers (1860) • Amoskeag Manufacturing Company Workers (1854) • The Hayward Family’s Slave Louisa with Her Legal Owner (c. 1858) • Thomas Easterly, Family with Their Slave Nurse (c. 1850) • Timothy O’Sullivan, Plantation in Beaufort, South Carolina (1862)

CHAPTER 5 Shifting Boundaries: Expansion, Reform, and Civil War, 1840–1865
AN EXPANDING NATION, 1843–1861
Overland by Trail
The Underside of Expansion: Native Women and Californianas
The Gold Rush
ANTEBELLUM REFORM
Expanding Woman’s Sphere: Maternal, Moral, and Temperance Reform
Exploring New Territory: Radical Reform in Family and Sexual Life
Crossing Political Boundaries: Abolitionism
Reading into the Past MARIA STEWART, On Religion and Morality
Entering New Territory: Women’s Rights
Reading into the Past SOJOURNER TRUTH, I Am as Strong as Any Man
CIVIL WAR, 1861–1865
Women and the Impending Crisis
Reading into the Past HARRIET BEECHER STOWE, Reflections on Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Women’s Involvement in the War
Emancipation

CONCLUSION: RESHAPING BOUNDARIES, REDEFINING WOMANHOOD

PRIMARY SOURCES: Dame Shirley’s Letters: A Woman’s Gold Rush
LOUISE SMITH CLAPPE, Letter the First: Rich Bar, East Branch of the North Fork of Feather River, September 13, 1851 • Letter the Second: September 15, 1851 • Letter the Tenth: From our Log Cabin, Indian Bar [a nearby camp], November 25, 1851 • Letter the Fourteenth: March 15, 1852 • Letter the Seventeenth: May 25, 1852 • Letter the Eighteenth: July 5, 1852 • Letter the Nineteenth: August 4, 1852 • Letter Twenty-Second: October 22, 1852
PRIMARY SOURCES: A Women’s Rights Partnership: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in the 1850s and 1860s
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Recalls Meeting Susan B. Anthony (1881) • Anthony to Stanton, Rochester  (1856) • Anthony to Stanton, Home-getting, along towards 12 o’clock (1856) • Stanton to Anthony, Seneca Falls (1856) • Susan B. Anthony, Why the Sexes Should be Educated Together (1856) • Susan B. Anthony, “Make the Slave’s Case Our Own” (1859) • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, To the American Anti-Slavery Society (1860) • Stanton and Anthony, “Call for a Meeting of the Loyal Women of the Nation” (1863)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women on the Civil War Battlefields
F. O. C. Darley, Midnight on the Battlefield (1890) • William Ludwell Sheppard, In the Hospital (1861) • Sisters of Charity with Doctors and Soldiers, Satterlee Hospital, Philadelphia (c. 1863) • Susie King Taylor • Harriet Tubman • Rose O’Neal Greenhow in the Old Capitol Prison with Her Daughter (1862) • F. O. C. Darley, A Woman in Battle — “Michigan Bridget” Carrying the Flag (1888) • Madam Velazquez in Female Attire and Harry T. Buford, 1st Lieutenant, Independent Scouts, Confederate States Army

CHAPTER 6 Reconstructing Women’s Lives North and South, 1865–1900
GENDER AND THE POSTWAR CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
Constitutionalizing Women’s Rights
A New Departure for Woman Suffrage
Reading into the Past SUSAN B. ANTHONY, Not One Is My Peer, All Are My Political Sovereigns
WOMEN’S LIVES IN SOUTHERN RECONSTRUCTION AND REDEMPTION
Black Women in the New South
White Women in the New South 
Racial Conflict in Slavery’s Aftermath
FEMALE WAGE LABOR AND THE TRIUMPH OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM
Women’s Occupations after the Civil War
Who Were the Women Wage Earners?
Responses to Working Women
Class Conflict and Labor Organization
Reading into the Past LEONORA BARRY, Women in the Knights of Labor
WOMEN OF THE LEISURED CLASSES
New Sources of Wealth and Leisure
Reading into the Past HARRIOT STANTON BLATCH, Voluntary Motherhood
The “Woman’s Era”
The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Consolidating the Gilded Age Women’s Movement
Looking to the Future

CONCLUSION: TOWARD A NEW WOMANHOOD

PRIMARY SOURCES: Ida B. Wells, “Race Woman”
Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (1970)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Woman Who Toils
MRS.JOHN (BESSIE) VAN VORST AND MARIE VAN VORST, The Woman Who Toils: Being the Experiences of Two Ladies as Factory Girls (1903)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Higher Education of Women in the Postbellum Years
Women Students Models Senior Plugs, University of California (c. 1900) • Class in Zoology, Wellesley College (1883–1884) • Basketball Team, Wells College (1904) • Class in American History, Hampton Institute (1899–1900) • Science Class, Washington, D.C., Normal College (1899) • Graduating Class, Medical College of Syracuse University (1876)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The New Woman
What We Are Coming To? (1898) • In a Twentieth Century Club (1895) • Picturesque America (1900) • The Scorcher (1897) • Nellie Bly on the Fly (1890) •Women Bachelors in New York (1896)

CHAPTER 7 Women in an Expanding Nation: Consolidation of the West, Mass Immigration, and the Crisis of the 1890s
CONSOLIDATING THE WEST
Native Women in the West
Reading into the Past HELEN HUNT JACKSON, Ramona
The Family West
The “Wild West”
LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY IMMIGRATION
The Decision to Immigrate
Reading into the Past EMMA GOLDMAN, Living My Life
The Immigrant’s Journey
Reception of the Immigrants
Immigrant Daughters
Immigrant Wives and Mothers
CENTURY’S END: CHALLENGES, CONFLICT, AND IMPERIAL VENTURES
Rural Protest, Populism, and the Battle for Woman Suffrage
Class Conflict and the Pullman Strike of 1894
The Settlement House Movement
Epilogue to the Crisis: The Spanish-American War of 1898
Reading into the Past CLEMENCIA LOPEZ, Women of the Philippines

CONCLUSION: NATIONHOOD AND WOMANHOOD ON THE EVE OF A NEW CENTURY

PRIMARY SOURCES: Zitkala-Ša: Indian Girlhood and Education
American Indian Stories (1921)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jane Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House
Twenty Years at Hull-House (1910)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jacob Riis’s Photographs of Immigrant Girls and Women
In the Home of an Italian Ragpicker: Jersey Street • Knee Pants at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen — A Ludlow Street Sweater’s Shop • Police Station Lodgers: Women’s Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station • “I Scrubs”: Katie Who Keeps House on West 49th Street
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women at the World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893
Lydia Emmet, Art, Science, and Literature • Tanners of the Plains • Dahomey Women • The Johnson Family Visit the Dahomey Village • Cairo Street Waltz • Annie Oakley

CHAPTER 8 Power and Politics: Women in the Progressive Era, 1900–1920
The Female Labor Force
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE FOR WOMEN WAGE EARNERS
Organizing Women Workers: The Women’s Trade Union League
The Rising of the Women
THE FEMALE DOMINION
Public Housekeeping
Reading into the Past: MARY BEARD, Municipal Housekeeping
Maternalist Triumphs: Protective Labor Legislation and Mothers’ Pensions
Maternalist Defeat: The Struggle to Ban Child Labor
Progressive Women and Political Parties
Outside the Dominion: Progressivism and Race
VOTES FOR WOMEN
A New Generation for Suffrage
Diversity in the Woman Suffrage Movement
Returning to the Constitution: The National Suffrage Movement
THE EMERGENCE OF FEMINISM
The Feminist Program
The Birth Control Movement
THE GREAT WAR, 1914–1918
Pacifist and Antiwar Women
Preparedness and Patriotism
The Great Migration
Reading into the Past: Black Women Talk About the Great Migration
Winning Woman Suffrage
CONCLUSION: NEW CONDITIONS, NEW CHALLENGES
PRIMARY SOURCES: Black Women and Progressive-era Reform
LUGENIA BURNS HOPE, “The Neighborhood Union: Atlanta Georgia” (c. 1908) • IDA B. WELLS-BARNETT, “The East St. Louis Massacre: The Greatest Outrage of the Century” (1917) • SAVANNAH (Georgia) CITY COLOERD WOMEN’S CLUB, Resolution the Lynching of Mary Turner (1918) • NANNIE BURROUGHS, “Black Women and the Suffrage” (1915) • MARY CHURCH TERRELL, “International Peace Movement” (1915?)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Parades, Picketing, and Power: Women in Public Space
“Girl Strikers,” New York Evening Journal (November 10, 1909) • Members of the Rochester, New York, Branch of the Garment Workers Union (1913) • Suffragists Marching down Fifth Avenue, New York City (1913) • Suffrage Parade down Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. (March 1913) • National Woman’s Party Picketers at the White House (1918) • Protest against the East St. Louis Riots, New York City (1917)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Uncle Sam Wants You: Women and World War I Posters
“Let’s End It — Quick with Liberty Bonds” • “It’s Up To You. Protect the Nation’s Honor. Enlist Now” • “Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man. I’d Join the Navy” • “The Woman’s Land Army of America Training School” • “For Every Fighter a Woman Worker. Y.W.C.A.”

CHAPTER 9 Change and Continuity: Women in Prosperity, Depression, and War, 1920–1945
PROSPERITY DECADE: THE 1920S
The New Woman in Politics
Reading into the Past: Alice Paul, Arguing for the ERA
Reading into the Past: Mary Van Kleeck, Arguing against the ERA
Women at Work
The New Woman in the Home
DEPRESSION DECADE: THE 1930S
At Home in Hard Times
Women and Work
Women’s New Deal
WORKING FOR VICTORY: WOMEN AND WAR, 1941–1945
Women in the Military
Working Women in Wartime
War and Everyday Life
CONCLUSION: THE NEW WOMAN IN IDEAL AND REALITY
PRIMARY SOURCES: Beauty Culture Between the Wars
“Can You Tell Us Her Name?” (1926) • “Irresistible Lips” (1938) • “You Were Never Lovelier” (1942) • Glorifying Our Womanhood” (1925) • “Queen of Blues Singers” (1923)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Networks in the New Deal
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT, “Women in Politics” (1940) • ROSE SCHNEIDERMAN, All for One (1967) • MOLLY DEWSON, “An Aid to an End” (1949) • MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE, Proceedings of the Second National Youth Administration Advisory Committee Meeting (1936) • MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE, Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1940)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Dorothea Lange Photographs Farm Women of the Great Depression
Migrant Mother #1 (1936) • Migrant Mother #5 (1936) • Migrant Mother #3 (1936) • Unemployed lumber worker goes with his wife to the bean harvest (1939) • “You don’t have to worriate so much and you’ve got time to raise sompin’ to eat.” (1938) • Cotton weighing near Brownsville, Texas (1936) • A Sign of the Times—Depression—Mended Stockings, Stenographer (1934) • Feet of Negro cotton hoer near Clarksdale, Mississippi (1937)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Voices of “Rosie the Riveter”
HORTENSE JOHNSON, “What My Job Means to Me” (1943) • BEATRICE MORALES, Interview (1981) • SYLVIA R. WEISSBORDT, Women Workers and their Postwar Employment Plans (1946)

CHAPTER 10 Beyond the Feminine Mystique: Women’s Lives, 1945–1965
FAMILY CULTURE AND GENDER ROLES
The New Affluence and the Family
The Cold War and the Family
Rethinking the Feminine Mystique
Reading into the Past: Betty Friedan, The Problem That Has No Name
Women and Work
WOMEN’S ACTIVISM IN CONSERVATIVE TIMES
Working-Class Women and Unions
Middle-Class Women and Voluntary Associations
A MASS MOVEMENT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS
Challenging Segregation
Women as “Bridge Leaders”
Voter Registration and Freedom Summer
Reading into the Past: Ella Baker, Bigger Than a Hamburger
Sexism in the Movement
Reading into the Past: Casey Hayden and Mary King, Women in the Movement
A Widening Circle of Civil Rights Activists
WOMEN AND PUBLIC POLICY
The Continuing Battle over the ERA
A Turning Point: The President’s Commission on the Status of Women
CONCLUSION: THE LIMITS OF THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE
PRIMARY SOURCES: Television’s Prescriptions for Women
Advertisement for Motorola Television (1951) • Advertisement for RCA Victor Television (1953) • Advertisement for General Electric Television (1955) • Ladies’ Home Journal Advertisement for NBC (1955) • Advertisement for Betty Crocker (1952) • Scene from Beulah • Scene from Amos ’n’ Andy • Scene from The Goldbergs • Scene from The Honeymooners • Scenes from I Love Lucy • Scene from Father Knows Best
PRIMARY SOURCES: “Is a Working Mother a Threat to the Home?”
Should Mothers of Young Children Work? (1958)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women in the Civil Rights Movement
Oral Histories
JO ANN ROBINSON • DIANE NASH • VIVIAN LEBURG ROTHSTEIN MARY DORA JONES • EARLINE BOYD

CHAPTER 11 Modern Feminism and American Society, 1965–1980
ROOTS OF SIXTIES FEMINISM
The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
NOW and Liberal Feminism
Reading into the Past: National Organization for Women, Women’s Bill of Rights
WOMEN’S LIBERATION AND THE SIXTIES REVOLUTIONS
Sexual Revolution and Counterculture
Black Power and SNCC
The War in Vietnam and SDS
IDEAS AND PRACTICES OF WOMEN’S LIBERATION
Consciousness-Raising
Lesbianism and Sexual Politics
Radical Feminist Theory
DIVERSITY, RACE, AND FEMINISM
African American Women
Latina Activism
Reading into the Past: Johnnie Tillmon, Welfare Is a Woman’s Issue
Asian American Women
Native American Women
Women of Color
THE IMPACT OF FEMINISM
Challenging Discrimination in the Workplace
Equality in Education
Women’s Autonomy over Their Bodies
Changing Public Policy and Public Consciousness
Women in Party Politics
The Reemergence of the ERA
Feminism Enters the Mainstream
Conclusion: Feminism’s Legacy
PRIMARY SOURCES: Feminism and the Drive for Equality in the Workplace
Flight Attendants Protest Discriminatory Practices (1974) • AT&T Advertises for Telephone Operators • AT&T Promotes Women Installers • Women in the Coal Mines • Kansas City Firefighters • The Willmar Eight • Rabbi Sally Preisand • “Hire him. He’s got great legs.” • “This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female.” • “When I grow up, I’m going to be a judge, or a senator or maybe president.”
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Liberation
JO FREEMAN, What the Hell is Women’s Liberation Anyway? (1968) • THIRD WORLD WOMEN’S ALLIANCE, Statement (1971) •MIRTA VIDAL, New Voice of La Raza: Chicanas Speak Out (1971) • BREAD AND ROSES, Outreach Leaflet (1970) • DANA DENSMORE, Who Is Saying Men Are the Enemy? (1970) • RADICALESBIANS, The Woman Identified Woman (1970) • ANNE KOEDT, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm (1970) • PAT MAINARDI, The Politics of Housework (1970)

CHAPTER 12 U.S. Women in a Global Age, 1980–Present
FEMINISM AND THE NEW RIGHT
The STOP-ERA Campaign
Reading into the Past: What’s Wrong with “Equal Rights” for Women
The Abortion Wars
Antifeminism Diffuses Through the Culture
FEMINISM AFTER THE SECOND WAVE
Ecofeminism
Peace Activism
Third-Wave Feminism
Reading into the Past: The Feminist Diaspora
WOMEN AND POLITICS
The 1980s: Carter and Reagan
Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas
The Clinton Years
George W. Bush
The Election of 2008: A Historic Presidential Choice
The Obama Years
The Long War on Terror
WOMEN’S LIVES IN MODERN AMERICA AND THE WORLD
Inequalities — Old and New — in the Labor Force
Combating Discrimination
Changes in Family and Sexuality
Changing Marriage Patterns
Parenting
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Rights
Women and the New Immigration
Conclusion: Women Face a New Century
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women in the Military
“We don’t promise you a rose garden either” (1999) • SHIRLEY SAGAWA AND NANCY DUFF CAMPBELL, “Women in Combat” (1992) • Chris Beck and Kristen Beck (2013) • DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, “Tailhook 91” (1992) • Review of Hero Mom (2013) • Major Margaret Witt Gets Married (2012)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Facing the Future: Women’s History to Come
KATHA POLLIT, Pro: Reclaiming Abortion Rights (2014) • The Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1993) • STEPHANIE COONTZ, “Why is “having it all” just a women's issue?” (2012)

APPENDIX: PRIMARY SOURCES
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Major U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Through Women’s Eyes
APPENDIX: TABLES AND CHARTS
CHART 1 U.S. Birthrate, 1820–2010
TABLE 1 U.S. Women and Work, 1820–2012
TABLE 2 Participation Rate in the Female Labor Force, by Family Status, 1890–2010
TABLE 3, Degrees Granted to Women, 1950–2010
TABLE 4 Occupational Distribution (in Percentages) of Working Women Ages Fourteen Years and Older, 1900–2000
TABLE 5 Immigration to the United States, 1900–2013