United States
The Practice of Statistics
Fourth Edition©2012 Daren S. Starnes; Dan Yates; David S. Moore
Table of Contents
Overview: What is Statistics?
This abridged and more focused introductory section provides students with an engaging, big picture view of what Statistics is all about.
This abridged and more focused introductory section provides students with an engaging, big picture view of what Statistics is all about.
Chapter 1 Exploring Data
Introduction Data Analysis: Making Sense of Data
This brief introduction includes the material on data, individuals, and variables from TPS 3e Chapter P. The idea of inference is previewed here.
1.1 Analyzing Categorical Data
This section combines the material on univariate categorical data analysis from Section 1.1 of TPS 3e with the material on bivariate categorical data analysis from Section 4.2 of TPS 3e. The idea of an association between two variables is introduced. Simpson’s paradox is included as an optional topic.
1.2 Displaying Quantitative Data with Graphs
1.3 Describing Quantitative Data with Numbers
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Introduction Data Analysis: Making Sense of Data
This brief introduction includes the material on data, individuals, and variables from TPS 3e Chapter P. The idea of inference is previewed here.
1.1 Analyzing Categorical Data
This section combines the material on univariate categorical data analysis from Section 1.1 of TPS 3e with the material on bivariate categorical data analysis from Section 4.2 of TPS 3e. The idea of an association between two variables is introduced. Simpson’s paradox is included as an optional topic.
1.2 Displaying Quantitative Data with Graphs
1.3 Describing Quantitative Data with Numbers
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 2 Modeling Distributions of Data
2.1 Describing Location in a Distribution
Cumulative relative frequency curves (ogives) are now included in this section with percentiles. Linear transformations and their effects on shape, center, and spread are introduced here in connection with z-scores .Chebyshev’s Inequality is de-emphasized.
2.2 Normal Distributions
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
2.1 Describing Location in a Distribution
Cumulative relative frequency curves (ogives) are now included in this section with percentiles. Linear transformations and their effects on shape, center, and spread are introduced here in connection with z-scores .Chebyshev’s Inequality is de-emphasized.
2.2 Normal Distributions
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 3 Describing Relationships
3.1 Scatterplots and Correlation
3.2 Least-Squares Regression
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
3.1 Scatterplots and Correlation
3.2 Least-Squares Regression
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Note: TPS 3e Chapter 4 has been omitted; the content has been redistributed.
Chapter 4 Designing Studies
Several new data-based activities have been added to illustrate key concepts and to reinforce the connection between data production and data analysis.
4.1 Sampling and Surveys
Includes a more thorough discussion of stratified random sampling and cluster sampling.
4.2 Experiments
The idea of a lurking variable and the concept of confounding are examined here.
4.3 Using Studies Wisely
This includes the material on scope of inference from TPS 3e Section 4.3 Establishing Causation and an optional subsection on Data Ethics.
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 4 Designing Studies
Several new data-based activities have been added to illustrate key concepts and to reinforce the connection between data production and data analysis.
4.1 Sampling and Surveys
Includes a more thorough discussion of stratified random sampling and cluster sampling.
4.2 Experiments
The idea of a lurking variable and the concept of confounding are examined here.
4.3 Using Studies Wisely
This includes the material on scope of inference from TPS 3e Section 4.3 Establishing Causation and an optional subsection on Data Ethics.
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Cumulative AP Test
Chapter 5 Probability: What Are the Chances?
Sections 5.2 and 5.3 have been reorganized for smoother presentation of basic rules of probability. More examples with two-way tables have been added.
5.1 Randomness, Probability, and Simulation
Greater emphasis has been placed on using simulation as a tool to estimate probability.
5.2 Probability Rules
5.3 Conditional Probability and Independence
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Sections 5.2 and 5.3 have been reorganized for smoother presentation of basic rules of probability. More examples with two-way tables have been added.
5.1 Randomness, Probability, and Simulation
Greater emphasis has been placed on using simulation as a tool to estimate probability.
5.2 Probability Rules
5.3 Conditional Probability and Independence
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 6 Random Variables
Note consolidation of Chapters 7 and 8 of TPS 3e into one chapter for TPS 4e.
6.1 Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
6.2 Transforming and Combining Random Variables
This section has been completely rewritten. Parallels between linear transformations of data and random variables are highlighted. New examples should make these topics seem less abstract.
6.3 Binomial and Geometric Random Variables
Decreased emphasis on algebraic properties of geometric random variables. Normal approximation to the binomial distribution is included as an optional topic.
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Note consolidation of Chapters 7 and 8 of TPS 3e into one chapter for TPS 4e.
6.1 Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
6.2 Transforming and Combining Random Variables
This section has been completely rewritten. Parallels between linear transformations of data and random variables are highlighted. New examples should make these topics seem less abstract.
6.3 Binomial and Geometric Random Variables
Decreased emphasis on algebraic properties of geometric random variables. Normal approximation to the binomial distribution is included as an optional topic.
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 7 Sampling Distributions
Several new activities (German tanks, Reese’s pieces, Rice University CLT applet) have been added to give students more concrete experience in working with sampling distributions.
7.1 What is a Sampling Distribution?
Increased focus on the shape, center, and spread of sampling distributions. Bias and variability are examined for a variety of statistics.
7.2 Sample Proportions
7.3 Sample Means
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Several new activities (German tanks, Reese’s pieces, Rice University CLT applet) have been added to give students more concrete experience in working with sampling distributions.
7.1 What is a Sampling Distribution?
Increased focus on the shape, center, and spread of sampling distributions. Bias and variability are examined for a variety of statistics.
7.2 Sample Proportions
7.3 Sample Means
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Cumulative AP Test
Note reversal of section order from previous edition in new Chapters 8, 9, and 10—proportions first to match sampling distributions chapter.
Chapter 8 Estimating with Confidence
No calculation of confidence intervals for µ with sigma known.
8.1 Confidence Intervals: the Basics
8.2 Estimating a Population Proportion
8.3 Estimating a Population Mean
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
No calculation of confidence intervals for µ with sigma known.
8.1 Confidence Intervals: the Basics
8.2 Estimating a Population Proportion
8.3 Estimating a Population Mean
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 9 Testing a Claim
Note consolidation of Chapters 11 and 12 in TPS 3e into one chapter. No performing significance tests for µ with sigma known.
9.1 Significance Tests: the Basics
The concepts of Type I error, Type II error, and power are discussed here.
9.2 Tests about a Population Proportion
9.3 Tests about a Population Mean
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Note consolidation of Chapters 11 and 12 in TPS 3e into one chapter. No performing significance tests for µ with sigma known.
9.1 Significance Tests: the Basics
The concepts of Type I error, Type II error, and power are discussed here.
9.2 Tests about a Population Proportion
9.3 Tests about a Population Mean
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 10 Comparing Two Populations or Groups
This chapter includes greater emphasis on the distinction between inference based on random sampling and inference for randomized experiments.
10.1 Comparing Two Proportions
10.2 Comparing Two Means
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
This chapter includes greater emphasis on the distinction between inference based on random sampling and inference for randomized experiments.
10.1 Comparing Two Proportions
10.2 Comparing Two Means
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Cumulative AP Test
Chapter 11 Inference for Distributions of Categorical Data
11.1 Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
11.2 Inference for Two-Way Tables
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
11.1 Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
11.2 Inference for Two-Way Tables
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Chapter 12 More on Regression
12.1 Inference for Linear Regression
12.2 Nonlinear Relationships: Transforming to Achieve Linearity
Rewritten treatment of TPS3e’s Section 4.1.
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
12.1 Inference for Linear Regression
12.2 Nonlinear Relationships: Transforming to Achieve Linearity
Rewritten treatment of TPS3e’s Section 4.1.
Chapter Review and AP Statistics Practice Test
Cumulative AP Test
Daren S. Starnes
Daren S. Starnes is Mathematics Department Chair and holds the Robert S. and Christina Seix Dow Distinguished Master Teacher Chair in Mathematics at The Lawrenceville School near Princeton, New Jersey. He earned his MA in Mathematics from the University of Michigan and his BS in Mathematics from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Daren is also an alumnus of the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. Daren has led numerous one-day and weeklong AP® Statistics institutes for new and experienced teachers, and he has been a Reader, Table Leader, and Question Leader for the AP® Statistics exam since 1998. Daren is a frequent speaker at local, state, regional, national, and international conferences. He has written articles for The Mathematics Teacher and CHANCE magazine. From 2004 to 2009, Daren served on the ASA/NCTM Joint Committee on the Curriculum in Statistics and Probability (which he chaired in 2009). While on the committee, he edited the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) pre-K–12 report and coauthored (with Roxy Peck) Making Sense of Statistical Studies, a capstone module in statistical thinking for high school students. Daren is also coauthor of the popular on-level text Statistics and Probability with Applications.
Dan Yates
Daniel S. Yates has taught Advanced Placement Statistics in the Electronic Classroom (a distance learning facility) affiliated with Henrico County Public Schools in Richmond, Virginia. Prior to high school teaching, he was on the mathematics faculty at Virginia Tech and Randolph-Macon College. He has a Ph.D. in Mathematics Education from Florida State University. He has served as President of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics and Viriginia Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Named a Tandy Technology Scholar in 1997, Dan is a 2000 recipient of the College Board/Siemens Foundation Advanced Placement Teaching Award. Although recently retired from classroom teaching, he stays in step with trends in teaching by frequently conducting College Board workshops for new and experienced AP Statistics teachers and by monitoring and participating in the AP Statistics electronic discussion group. Dan is co-author of Statistics Through Applications, a popular textbook for non-AP* Statistics classes.
David S. Moore
David S. Moore is Shanti S. Gupta Distinguished Professor of Statistics, Emeritus, at Purdue University and was 1998 president of the American Statistical Association. He received his AB from Princeton and his PhD from Cornell, both in mathematics. He has written many research papers in statistical theory and served on the editorial boards of several major journals. Professor Moore is an elected fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and an elected member of the International Statistical Institute. He has served as program director for statistics and probability at the National Science Foundation.
In recent years, Professor Moore has devoted his attention to the teaching of statistics. He was the content developer for the Annenberg/Corporation for Public Broadcasting college-level telecourse Against All Odds: Inside Statistics and for the series of video modules Statistics: Decisions through Data, intended to aid the teaching of statistics in schools. He is the author of influential articles on statistics education and of several leading texts. Professor Moore has served as president of the International Association for Statistical Education and has received the Mathematical Association of America’s national award for distinguished college or university teaching of mathematics.
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