The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919

Foreword

Preface

List of Maps and Illustrations

PART ONE. Introduction: "There Was No Stopping It."

     A Familiar, Yet Unprecedented Illness

     A Deadly Force Goes Global

     Treatment Responses: "There Was Just Nothing You Could Do."

     Short- and Long-Term Consequences of the Pandemic

     Legacy and Lessons of the Pandemic

PART TWO. The Documents

1. The Nature and Experience of the Disease

     1. Letter from a Volunteer Nurse, October 17, 1918

     2. E.T. Hsieh, The Recent Epidemic of Influenza in Peking, 1918

     3. William Collier, A New Type of Influenza, October 23, 1918

     4. K. Iwagawa, On Epidemic Influenza among Japanese Children, April 17, 1920

     5. Great Britain Registrar-General, Age Distribution of Deaths Due to Influenza in Ireland, 1919

     6. E. Oliver Ashe, Some Random Recollections of the Influenza Epidemic in Kimberly, South Africa, January 11, 1919

     7. Mary E. Westphal, On Visiting Nurse Services in Chicago, November 8, 1918

     8. Anne L. Colon, Influenza at Cedar Branch Camp, Michigan, 1919

     9. Ijiro Gomibuchi, Personal Account of the World Influenza Epidemic, May 1919

     10. Josie Mabel Brown, Recollections of a US Navy Nurse, 1986

     11. Sierra Leone Weekly News, Coffins, October 26, 1918

     12. Sir Thomas Horder, The Post-Febrile Period, December 28, 1918

     13. A. Hay-Michel, Nervous Symptoms in Two Patients, January 25, 1919

2. Transmission and Mortality

     14. Santa Fe Monitor (Kansas), Early Reports of Influenza in the United States, January–February, 1918

     15. Daily Express (London), Mystery Malady Spreading in the Large Towns of Sweden, May 30, 1918

     16. Daily Express (London), The Mystery War Disease: Its Appearance in Belfast, June 13, 1918

     17. Daily Express (London), The New War Disease in Germany: Mystery Epidemic Now Ravaging Berlin, Doctors Powerless, June 17, 1918

     18. United States Public Health Reports, Influenza a Probable Cause of Fever of Undetermined Nature in Southern States, June 21, 1918

     19. The Times (London), Influenza Spreading in Germany, July 4, 1918

     20. Lagos Standard, Influenza in Lagos, Nigeria, October 2, 1918

     21. J. A. Oduenade, Spreading Influenza to the Nigerian Countryside, October 28, 1918

     22. M. Cameron Blair and J. Beringer, Report on the Influenza Outbreak, Nigeria, September 5, 1919

     23. The Times (London), Cape Town in the Grip of Influenza, October 10, 1918

     24. C. E. L. Burman, A Review of the Influenza Epidemic in Rural South Africa, January 11, 1919

     25. British Medical Journal, Influenza in India, April 15, 1919

     26. William W. Cadbury, M.D., The 1918 Pandemic of Influenza in Canton, January 1920

     27. Gresham Life Assurance Society, Influenza Claims Exceed War Claims, July 1, 1919

3. Treatment Responses

     28. Victoria (Australia) Board of Public Health, "Spanish" Influenza, November 23, 1918

     29. Journal of the American Medical Association, Failure to Quarantine in Buenos Aires, October 26, 1918

     30. E. Henry Cummings, An Appeal by the Mayor of Freetown, Sierra Leone, September 7, 1918

     31. E. Evelyn, A Defense of the Colonial Government’s Response to the Flu in Sierra Leone, September 28, 1918

     32. Oakland, California Health Department, Influenza! How to Avoid It! How to Care for Those Who Have It!, 1918

     33. United States Public Health Service, Warning Notice about Influenza, 1918

     34. North Carolina Board of Public Health, The Way the Germans Did It at Chateau-Therry; The Way North Carolinians Do It at Home, October, 1919

     35. Government of New South Wales, Proclamation, February 3, 1919.

     36. Daily Express (London), Quinine and Cinnamon to the Rescue, June 22, 1918

     37. Z. Dionysius Leomy, Letter to the Editor of the Sierra Leone Weekly News, September 14, 1918

     38. "Why Catch Their Influenza?", 1919

     39. The Daily Herald, On Behalf of the Invalids, December 21, 1918

     40. The British Medical Journal, Influenza and the Shortage of Doctors, November 2, 1918.

     41. Mateo Arriola Moreno, Influenza in Paraguay, 1918

     42. South African Medical Journal, Notes on the Influenza Epidemic, December 14, 1918

     43. The Indian Medical Gazette, A Criticism of Indian Physicians, February 1919

     44. China Medical Journal, A Criticism of Chinese Treatment of Influenza, January 1919

     45. Beulah Gribble, Influenza in a Kentucky Coal-Mining Camp, 1919

     46. M. K. B., A Two Weeks Assignment, 1919

     47. United States Navy, Awards and Commendations to Medical Staff, 1918-1919

4. Consequences and Repercussions of the Pandemic

     48. New York Times, 2000 Children Need Care: Measures Taken to Aid Children of Influenza Victims, November 9, 1918

     49. Mary McCarthy, Orphaned by the Flu, 1946

     50. Erich von Ludendorff, The Offensive in the West, 1919

     51. German Office of Sanitation, Influenza Mortality, German Armed Forces, 1917-1919

     52. The Times (London), Awaiting the Enemy Attack, July 12, 1918

     53. The Daily Express (London), New Attack in the North?, July 18, 1918

     54. C. W. Vining, Treatment of Influenza, November 30, 1918

     55. The Union of South Africa, Bill to Make Provision for the Public Health, January 6, 1919

     56. South African Medical Record, New Public Health Bill, January 11, 1919

     57. Sierra Leone Weekly News, The Health of Freetown, September 21, 1918

     58. Lagos Standard, Failure of British Authorities, October 2, 1918

     59. Buchi Emecheta, The Slave Girl, 1977

     60. Young India, Famine and Grip Sweeping India, February 1919

     61. Young India, Editorial Notes and News, May 1919

     62. Cary T. Grayson, Statement About Wilson’s Health at the Paris Peace Conference, 1960

     63. Irwin Hood Hoover, The Truth About Wilson’s Illness, 1934

     64. Herbert Hoover, Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference, 1942

Appendixes

     A Chronology of the Influenza Pandemic and Related Events, 1918-1929

     Questions for Consideration

     Selected Bibliography

Index