Sources of World Societies, Volume 2
Third EditionNew Edition Available Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks; Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Roger B. Beck; Jerry Davila; Clare Haru Crowston; John P. McKay
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Enabling topics to be assessed through varying perspectives, Sources of World Societies, Volume 2 helps you look critically at history by providing five sources within each chapter. Both textual and visual, these sources paint a picture of history from the viewpoints of well-known figures and ordinary individuals alike, showing you connections between sources and across time.
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Learn MoreTable of Contents
Chapter 16: The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450–1600
16-1 The World as Europeans Knew it in 1502
World Map (1502)
Viewpoints: The Motives of Columbus and His Patrons
16-2 Columbus Defends His Accomplishments
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Letter from the Third Voyage (1493)
16-3 Spanish Ambitions in the New World
THEODORE DE BRY, Columbus at Hispaniola (ca. 1590)
16-4 Cross-Cultural Communications and Conquest
BERNAL DIAZ DEL CASTILLO, From The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (1568)
16-5 Scenes from the Spanish Conquest of Mexica
From The Florentine Codex (ca. 1577-1580)
Chapter 17: The Islamic World Powers, 1300–1800
17-1 An Ottoman Sultan Threatens the Shaw of Persia
SULTAN SELIM I, From a Letter to Shah Ismail of Persia (1514)
17-2 Akbar’s Court as Seen by a Portuguese Jesuit
ANTONIO MONSERRATE, From The Commentary of Father Monserrate: On Mughal India (ca. 1580)
Viewpoints: Building an Islamic Palace
17-3 A Mughal Emperor Plans a Persian Garden
Babur and His Architect Plan the Bagh-i-Wafa (ca. 1590)
17-4 A Capital Fit for an Emperor
TULSI THE ELDER AND MADHU THE YOUNGER, Akbar Inspects the Construction of
Fatehpur-Sikri (ca. 1590-1598)
17-5 A Mughul Emperor Describes His Life and Rule
NURUDDIN SALIM JAHANGIR, From the Memoirs of Jahangir (ca. 1580–1600)
Chapter 18: European Power and Expansion, 1500-1750
Viewpoints: The Sources of Government Authority
18-1 God’s Lieutenants on Earth
JACQUES-BENIGNE BOSSUET, On Divine Right (ca. 1675–1680)
18-2 Government and the State of Nature
JOHN LOCKE, From Two Treatises of Government: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government (1690)
18-3 The English Parliament Asserts its Authority
The Bill of Rights (1689)
18-4 A Courtier Sketches the Character of a King
DUC DE SAINT-SIMON, From Memoirs of Louis XIV: On the Early Life of Louis XIV (ca. 1730–1755)
18-5 Catherine the Great Augments the Power of Estate Owners
CATHERINE II OF RUSSIA, Two Decrees (1762, 1765)
Chapter 19: New Worldviews and Ways of Life, 1540-1790
Viewpoints: Changing Ideas of Science
19-1 Science in the Service of Human Longevity
FRANCIS BACON, From The Great Restoration: History of Life and Death (1623)
19-2 Science in the Service of the State
PETER THE GREAT AND GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ, On the Improvement of Arts and Sciences in Russia (ca. 1712–1718)
19-3 Science Outside the West
Takyuddin and Other Astronomers at the Galata Observatory (ca. 1581)
19-4 Faith Without Dogma
VOLTAIRE, From Dictionnaire Philosophique: "Theist" (1764)
19-5 Kant Challenges His Society to Embrace Reason
IMMANUEL KANT, What is Enlightenment? (1784)
Chapter 20: Africa and the World, 1400-1800
20-1 A Dutch View of an African King
OLFERT DAPPER, King Alvaro I of Kongo Receiving the Dutch Ambassadors (1668)
20-2 West African Dependence on the Slave Trade
OSEI BONSU, An Asante King Questions British Motives in Ending the Slave Trade (1820)
Viewpoints: Debating the Slave Trade
20-3 An English Woman Defends the Slave Trade
ANNA MARIA FALCONBRIDGE, From Narrative of Two Voyages to the River Sierra Leone (1794)
20-4 The Terror of Capture and Enslavement
OLAUDAH EQUIANO, From The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano (1789)
20-5 Enslaved Africans March to the Sea
Transportation of Slaves in Africa (ca. 1800-1900)
Chapter 21: Continuity and Change in East Asia, 1400-1800
21-1 The Growing British Presence in East Asia
The Viceroy of Canton Giving an Audience to Commodore Anson (1748)
21-2 A German Doctor Describes Eighteenth-Century Japan
ENGELBERT KAEMPFER, From History of Japan (1727)
Viewpoints: Gender in East Asia
21-3 Teaching Values to Japanese Children
KAIBARA EKIKEN AND KAIBARA TŌKEN, Common Sense Teachings for Japanese Children and Greater Learning for Women (ca. 1700)
21-4 Pleasure and Gender in Tokugawa Edo
TORII KIYONAGA, Women of the Gay Quarters (Late Eighteenth Century)
21-5 Chinese Gender Norms Turned Upside Down
LI RUZHEN (LI JU-CHEN), From Flowers in the Mirror (1827)
Chapter 22: Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775–1815
Viewpoints: Defining the Citizen
22-1 The National Assembly Presents a New Vision of Government
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
22-2 A Female Author Revises the Declaration of the Rights of Man
OLYMPE DE GOUGES, From the Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791)
22-3 Robespierre Justifies Terror as a Tool of Revolutionary Change
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE, Revolutionary Speech (February 5, 1794)
22-4 A Former Slave Calls on France to Support the Cause of Freedom
FRANÇOIS DOMINIQUE TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, Letter to the French National Assembly (1797)
22-5 Slaves into Citizens
The Haitian Declaration of Independence (1804)
Chapter 23: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, 1760-1850
23-1 Thomas Malthus Predicts Demographic Collapse
THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS, From "An Essay on the Principle of Population" (1798)
Viewpoints: The Realities of Manufacturing
23-2 A Mill Owner Describes the Human Costs of Industrialization
ROBERT OWEN, From Observations on the Effect of the Manufacturing System (1815)
23-3 Child Labor in Industrial Britain
SADLER COMMITTEE AND ASHLEY COMMISION, Testimonies Before Parliamentary Committees on Working Conditions in England (1832, 1842)
23-4 The British East India Company Battles for Control of the Subcontinent
An Incident During the Sikh Wars (ca. 1850)
23-5 Britain Forces the Ottoman Empire to Make Economic Concessions
The Treaty of Balta-Liman (August 16, 1838)
Chapter 24: Ideologies of Change in Europe, 1815-1914
24-1 Marx and Engels Predict the Coming of a New Social Order
KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, From The Communist Manifesto (1848)
Viewpoints: Peoples Without Nations
24-2 Fichte Imagines a Future Germany
JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE, Address to the German Nation (1808)
24-3 Nordau Calls on Jews to Forge Their Own Nation
MAX NORDAU, On Zionism (1905)
24-4 Embodying the French Nation
EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Liberty Leading the People (1830)
24-5 A Socialist Describes Her Own Political Journey
BEATRICE WEBB, From My Apprenticeship: Why I Became a Socialist (1926)
Chapter 25: Africa, Southwest Asia, and the New Imperialism, 1800-1914
25-1 Ottoman Reform from the Top Down
SULTAN ABDUL MEJID, Imperial Rescript (1856)
Viewpoints: The Colonial Encounter in Africa
25-2 Cecil Rhodes Dreams of Global Domination
CECIL RHODES, From Confession of Faith (ca. 1877)
25-3 A First-Hand Account of Imperial Conquest
NDANSI KUMALO, On the British Incursion in Zimbabwe (1932)
25-4 The Law as a Form of Resistance
JOHN MENSA SARBAH, Fanti Customary Law (1897)
25-5 The Brutality of Colonial Rule
ROGER CASEMENT AND DAVID ENGOHAHE, Victims of Belgian Congo Atrocities (ca. 1904-1905)
Chapter 26: Asia in the Era of Imperialism, 1800-1914
Viewpoints: Reactions to Imperialism and Modernity
26-1 A Chinese Official Denounces the British Opium Trade
LIN ZEXU, From a Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)
26-2 The Boxers Declare War on the "Foreign Devils"
Two Proclamations of the Boxer Rebellion (1898, 1900)
26-3 Gandhi Rejects British "Civilization"
MOHANDAS GANDHI, "Indian Home Rule" (1909)
26-4 A British Officer Describes the Great Revolt of 1857
SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY LAWRENCE, Letter to Lieutenant-Governor J. Colvin (June 13, 1857)
26-5 Sun Yatsen Calls on China to Take its Rightful Place in the World
SUN YATSEN, On the Three People’s Principles and the Future of the Chinese People (1906)
Chapter 27: The Americas in the Age of Liberalism, 1810-1910
27-1 Bolivar Identifies the Challenges Latin America Faces
SIMÓN BOLÍVAR, Jamaica Letter (1815)
27-2 War and the Military in American Democracies
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, From Democracy in America (1840)
Viewpoints: Female Abolitionists Make the Case Against Slavery
27-3 Angelina Grimke Explains the Fundamental Principle of Abolitionism
ANGELINA GRIMKE, Letters to Catherine E. Beecher (1838)
27-4 A Slave Dealer Explains His Craft
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE, From Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
27-5 Expansion and Economic Development in Canada
Advertisement for Rail Travel to Canada (1900)
Chapter 28: World War and Revolution, 1914-1929
28-1 Life at Home and on the Battlefield
Correspondence of Evelyn and Fred Albright (1917)
28-2 War Brings Revolution to Russia
VLADIMIR ILYICH LENIN, All Power to the Soviets! (1917)
Viewpoints: Competing Perspectives on the Treaty of Versailles
28-3 France, Britain, and the United States Remake the World
Les Trois Grands Ouvriers Du Monde Nouveau (February 1, 1919)
28-4 Germany Protests the Terms of Peace
GERMAN DELEGATION TO THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, On the Conditions of Peace (October 1919)
28-5 War and Peace from a Japanese Perspective
KONOE FUMIMARO, Against a Pacifism Centered on England and America (1918)
Chapter 29: Nationalism in Asia, 1914-1939
29-1 An Eyewitness to Genocide
MARY L. GRAFFAM, An Account of Turkish Violence Against Armenians (1915)
29-2 The British Government Supports a Jewish State in Palestine
ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR, Debating the Balfour Declaration (1917)
29-3 An Indian Nationalist Condemns the British Government
SAROJINI NAIDU, The Agony and Shame of the Punjab (1920)
Viewpoints: Prescriptions for National Improvement in China and Siam
29-4 A Chinese Nationalist Offers a Recipe for Progress
JIANG JIESHI, The New Life Movement (1934)
29-5 The King of Siam Promotes Siamese Nationalism
KING VAJIRAVUDH, On the Siamese Nation (1914, 1917, 1920)
Chapter 30: The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945
30-1 The U.S. Government Responds to Mass Unemployment
Field Office of the Works Progress Administration (ca. 1935)
30-2 Legislating Racial Purity
The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation (1935)
30-3 The Place of Women in Stalin’s Soviet Union
Letters to Izvestiya: On the Issue of Abortion (1936)
Viewpoints: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
30-4 Truman Describes the Creation and Use of Nuclear Weapons
HARRY S. TRUMAN, White House Press Release on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)
30-5 The Impact of a Nuclear Weapon
TOSHIKO SAEKI, Interview with a Survivor of Hiroshima (1986)
Chapter 31: Decolonization, Revolution and the Cold War, 1945-1968
Viewpoints: Decolonization and Dependence
31-1 The United Nations Calls for an End to the Age of Empires
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY, Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (December 14, 1960)
31-2 A Poet Reflects on Economic Exploitation
PABLO NERUDA, From Canto General: "Standard Oil Co," and "United Fruit Co," (1950)
31-3 Truman Vows to Contain Communism
HARRY S. TRUMAN, The Truman Doctrine (March 12, 1947)
31-4 A Soviet Leader Repudiates Stalin
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV, On the Personality Cult and its Consequences (1956)
31-5 Revolutionary Brothers in Arms
Erich Honecker and Fidel Castro (1974)
Chapter 32: Liberalization, 1968-2000s
32-1 Remembering Argentina’s "Dirty War"
Museo de la Memoria, Cordoba, Argentina (ca. 2000)
Viewpoints: Race and Power in South Africa
32-2 The South African Government Justifies Apartheid
NATIONAL PARTY OF SOUTH AFRICA, The National Party’s Color Policy (March 29, 1948)
32-3 Mandela Explains the Need for Armed Struggle Against Apartheid
NELSON MANDELA, The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court (April 20, 1964)
32-4 Deng Xiaoping Places China on a New Path
DENG XIAOPING, Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (June 30, 1984)
32-5 Building a Meaningful Life in Contemporary Japan
MALE JAPANESE CITIZENS, "Ikigai" (2003)
Chapter 33: The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective
33-1 Defining and Defending Torture
JOHN YOO, Memoranda Regarding U.S. Military Interrogations (2002, 2003)
Viewpoints: Immigration and Assimilation in Postwar Germany
33-2 A Management Expert Explains How to Make Guest Workers Feel Welcome
GIACOMO MATURI, The Integration of the Southern Labor Force and its Specific Adaptation Problems (1961)
33-3 German Academics Take a Stand Against Immigration
Heidelberg Manifesto (1982)
33-4 Second Wave Feminists Define Their Objectives
BETTY FRIEDAN, Statement of Purpose of the National Organization for Women (1966)
33-5 Life at the Margins of the Modern City
JONAS BENDIKSEN, "New Settlement": A Slum in Caracas, Venezuela (ca. 2007)