Cover: Sources for America's History, Volume 1: To 1877, 8th Edition by James A. Henretta; Eric Hinderaker; Rebecca Edwards; Robert O. Self

Sources for America's History, Volume 1: To 1877

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Eighth  Edition©2014  James A. Henretta; Eric Hinderaker; Rebecca Edwards; Robert O. Self

ISBN:9781457651700

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Enrich the study of U.S. history through a diverse set of voices from the past. The collection of primary sources found in Sources for Americas History, Volume 1: To 1877 fosters historical thinking skills while putting a human face on Americas diverse history. With documents ranging from speeches and political cartoons by celebrated historical figures, to personal letters and diary entries by ordinary people, youll get a more vivid picture of the past.

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Table of Contents

PLEASE NOTE: VOLUME 1 INCLUDES CHAPTERS 1-16 AND VOLUME 2 INCLUDES CHAPTERS 15-31.

CONTENTS

Preface

Introduction for Students

Part 1: TRANSFORMATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA (1450–1700)

CHAPTER 1: Colliding Worlds, 1450–1600 1-1 | An Englishman Describes the Algonquin People

THOMAS HARIOT, A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588)

1-2 | Peasants Working a Lord’s Estate

LIMBOURG BROTHERS, March: Peasants at Work from the "Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry" (15th Century)

1-3 | Columbus Encounters Native Peoples

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Journal of the First Voyage (1492)

1-4 | Las Casas Describes European Atrocities

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1552)

1-5 | Huejotzingo Petitions the Spanish King for Relief

COUNCIL OF HUEJOTZINGO, Letter to the King of Spain (1560) 12

1-6 | Debating the Morality of Slavery

BROTHER LUIS BRANDAON, Letter to Father Sandoval (1610) 16

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 2: American Experiments, 1521–1700

2-1 | Indians Resist Spanish Control

Testimony of Acoma Indians (1599)

2-2 | "City Upon a Hill" Sermon

JOHN WINTHROP, A Model of Christian Charity (1630)

2-3 | The Limits of the Puritan Community

The Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1637)

2-4 | Maryland Protects Religious Belief

Maryland Act of Religious Toleration (1649)

2-5 | Slave Labor on the Rise

EDMUND WHITE, Letter to Joseph Morton (1687)

2-6 | Spreading the Gospel Among the Iroquois

REV. FATHER LOUIS CELLOT, Letter to Father François Le Mercier (1656)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 1 DOCUMENT SET: Developing Patterns of Atlantic World Exchange, 1450 1700

P1-1 | The Aztec God Tlaloc with Maize

Meal of Maize and Beans, the Sixth Month of the Aztec Solar Calendar (c. 1585)

P1-2 | Florida Natives Welcome the Returning French

THEODORE DE BRY, The Natives of Florida Worship the Column Erected by Commander on His First Voyage (1591)

P1-3 | A European Encounters the Algonquin Indians

THOMAS MORTON, Manners and Customs of the Indians (of New England) (1637)

P1-4 | The Trade in Goods and Slaves

THOMAS PHILLIPS, A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal (1693–1694)

P1-5 | Making the Case for Colonization

RICHARD HAKLUYT, A Discourse of Western Planting (1584)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 2: BRITISH NORTH AMERICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD (1660–1763)

CHAPTER 3: The British Atlantic World, 1660–1750

3-1 | Bostonians Welcome the Glorious Revolution

The Declaration of the Gentlemen, Merchants and Inhabitants of Boston, and the Country Adjacent (1689)

3-2 | The Onondaga Pledge Support to Colonies

CANASSATEGO, Papers Relating to an Act of the Assembly of the Province of New York (1742)

3-3 | Virginia Tightens Slave Codes

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF VIRGINIA, An Act for Suppressing Outlying Slaves (1691)

3-4 | Gentility and the Planter Elite

WILLIAM BYRD II, Diary Entries (1709–1712)

3-5 | Trade Creates Dynamic Commercial Economy

JOHN BARNARD, The Autobiography of the Rev. John Barnard (1766)

3-6 | Colonists Assert Their Rights

LORD CORNBURY, Letter to the Lords of Trade (1704)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720–1763

4-1 | A Revivalist Warns Against Old Light Ministers

GILBERT TENNENT, Dangers of an Unconverted Ministry (1740) 81

4-2 | Sarah Osborn on Her Experiences During the Religious Revivals

SARAH OSBORN, Memoirs of the Life of Mrs. Sarah Osborn (1814)

4-3 | Anglican Minister on the Manners and Religion of the Carolina Backcountry

CHARLES WOODMASON, Journal (1766–1768)

4-4 | Franklin Calls for Colonial Unity

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Albany Plan of Union (1754)

4-5 | Colonists Argue for an Alliance with Indians Against the French

State of the British and French Colonies in North America (1755) 93

4-6 | The North Carolina Regulators Protest British Control

Petition from the Inhabitants of Orange County, North Carolina (1770)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 2 DOCUMENT SET: The Causes and Consequences of the Peopling of North America, 1660–1763

P2-1 | The Horrors of the Middle Passage

OLAUDAH EQUIANO, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself (1794)

P2-2 | German Immigrant Describes Carolina Opportunities

Letter from Christen Janzen to His Family (1711)

P2-3 | An Indentured Servant Confesses to Murder

The Vain Prodigal Life and Tragical Penitent Death of Thomas Hellier (1680)

P2-4 | Celebrating an Indian Defeat

A Ballad of Pigwacket (1725)

P2-5 | Colonial Settlements Raise Indian Alarms

Journal of James Kenny (1761–1763)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 3: REVOLUTION AND REPUBLICAN CULTURE (1763–1820)

CHAPTER 5: The Problem of Empire, 1763–1776

5-1 | A Virginia Planter Defends the Natural Rights of Colonies

RICHARD BLAND, Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies (1766)

5-2 | Colonists Protest Parliament’s Acts

STAMP ACT CONGRESS, Declaration of Rights (1765)

5-3 | A Loyalist Decries the Boston Mob

PETER OLIVER, Origin and Progress of the American Rebellion (1781)

5-4 | Worcester Loyalists Protest the Committee of Safety

A Protest by the Worcester, Massachusetts, Selectmen (1774)

5-5 | The Danger of Too Much Liberty

THOMAS HUTCHINSON, Letter to Thomas Whately (1769)

5-6 | Thomas Paine Attacks the Monarchy

THOMAS PAINE, Common Sense (1776)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 6: Making War and Republican Governments, 1776–1789

6-1 | Democratic Spirit Empowers the People

Instructions to the Delegates from Mecklenburg to the Provincial Congress at Halifax in November (1776)

6-2 | A Call to "Remember the Ladies"

ABIGAIL AND JOHN ADAMS, Correspondence (1776)

6-3 | Enslaved Blacks Adopt the Cause of Liberty

PRINCE HALL, Petition for Freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives (1777)

6-4 | A Republican Hero Emerges

JAMES PEALE, General George Washington at Yorktown (c. 1782)

6-5 | A Shaysite Defends the "Risings of the People"

DANIEL GRAY, Address to the People of Several Towns (1786)

6-6 | Madison Defends the Constitution

JAMES MADISON, Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 (1787)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 7: Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787–1820

7-1 | Hamilton Diverges from Jefferson on the Economy

ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Letter to Edward Carrington (1792)

7-2 | Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision for the New Republic

THOMAS JEFFERSON, Notes on the State of Virginia (1781)

7-3 | A Federalist Warns Against French Influence on American Politics

FISHER AMES, Foreign Politics (c. 1801–1805)

7-4 | Anxiety Over Western Expansion

THE PANOPLIST AND MISSIONARY HERALD, Retrograde Movement of National Character (1818)

7-5 | A Shawnee Chief Calls for Native American Unity

TECUMSEH, "Sleep Not Longer, O’ Choctaws and Chickasaws" (1811)

7-6 | New England Federalists Oppose the War of 1812

Report of the Hartford Convention (1815)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 8: Creating a Republican Culture, 1790–1820

8-1 | Building the Economy

J. HILL, Junction of Erie and Northern Canal (c. 1830–1832)

8-2 | In Praise of Domestic Manufacturing

THE WEEKLY REGISTER, Home Influence (1813)

8-3 | Warren Discusses Women’s Roles

MERCY OTIS WARREN, Letter to a Young Friend (1790) and Letter to Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham (1791)

8-4 | An Argument for the Education of Republican Women

BENJAMIN RUSH, Thoughts Upon Female Education (1787)

8-5 | Jefferson Warns Against Slavery’s Expansion

THOMAS JEFFERSON, Letter to John Holmes (1820)

8-6 | An Egalitarian View of Religion

LORENZO DOW, Analects Upon the Rights of Man (1816)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 3 DOCUMENT SET: The Emergence of Democratic Ideals and a New National Identity, 1763–1820

P3-1 | Rallying Americans to the Cause of Freedom

JOHN DICKINSON, The Liberty Song (1768)

P3-2 | Defining the American Character

J. HECTOR ST. JOHN DE CRÈVECOEUR, Letters from an American Farmer (1782)

P3-3 | Women’s Right to Education in the New Republic

JUDITH SARGENT MURRAY, On the Equality of the Sexes (1790)

P3-4 | A Warning for the Young Republic

George Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)

P3-5 | A Woman’s Perspective on Backcountry America

MARGARET VAN HORN DWIGHT, A Journey to Ohio (1810)

P3-6 | Democratic Enthusiasm Shapes Religion

JAMES FLINT, Letters from America (1820)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 4: OVERLAPPING REVOLUTIONS (1800–1860)

CHAPTER 9: Transforming the Economy, 1800–1860

9-1 | A Factory Girl Remembers Mill Work

LUCY LARCOM, Among Lowell Mill-Girls: A Reminiscence (1881)

9-2 | Making the Case for Internal Improvements

HON. P. B. PORTER, Speech on Internal Improvements (1810)

9-3 | A View of the Factory System

Repeating Fire-Arms. A Day at the Armory of Colt’s Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company (1857)

9-4 | Contrasting Images of Urban Life

Frontispiece from Sunshine and Shadow in New York (1868)

9-5 | Taking the Temperance Pledge

Preface to The Temperance Manual of the American Temperance Society for the Young Men of the United States (1836)

9-6 | Finney Discussing the Revival of Religion

CHARLES GRANDISON FINNEY, Lectures on Revivals of Religion (1835)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 10: A Democratic Revolution, 1800–1844

10-1 | A Professional Politician on the Necessity of Political Parties

MARTIN VAN BUREN, The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren (1854)

10-2 | Insurgent Democrats Flex Political Power

FITZWILLIAM BYRDSALL, The History of the Loco-Foco or Equal Rights Party (1842)

10-3 | President Defeats Monopoly Threat

ANDREW JACKSON, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States (1832)

10-4 | Whig Partisan Describes Party’s Political Economy

HENRY CAREY, The Harmony of Interests (1851)

10-5 | Decrying Jackson’s Use of Presidential Power

King Andrew the First (c. 1833)

10-6 | Native American Women Urge Resistance to Removal Policy

CHEROKEE WOMEN, Petition (1821 [1831?])

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 11: Religion and Reform, 1800–1860

11-1 | A Transcendentalist View of Women’s Rights

MARGARET FULLER, Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)

11-2 | Mormon Leader’s Vision of Religious Community

JOSEPH SMITH, History of Joseph Smith, the Prophet (c. 1830s)

11-3 | Remembering Bowery Culture

ABRAM C. DAYTON, Last Days of Knickerbocker Life in New York (1882)

11-4 | Attacking the Legal Disabilities of Women

SARAH GRIMKÉ, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman (1837)

11-5 | Abolitionist Decries Slavery’s Dehumanizing Power

DAVID WALKER, Preamble to Walker’s Appeal in Four Articles (1830)

11-6 | Antiabolitionist Attacks Reformers’ Efforts

CALVIN COLTON, Abolition a Sedition (1839)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 12: The South Expands: Slavery and Society, 1800–1860

12-1 | Reporting on the South’s Peculiar Institution

ETHAN ANDREWS, Slavery and the Domestic Slave-Trade (1836)

12-2 | Witness to the Punishment of a Runaway Slave

LEVI COFFIN, Reminiscences of Levi Coffin (1876)

12-3 | A Southern City Affirms the Morality of the Slave Trade

Proceedings of the Charleston City Council (1856)

12-4 | Religious Life of Enslaved African Americans

Slave Songs of the United States (1867)

12-5 | Southern Hospitality on Display

SUSAN DABNEY SMEDES, Memorials of a Southern Planter (1887)

12-6 | Free Blacks Push for Elevation of the Race

Proceedings of the Colored National Convention (1848)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 4 DOCUMENT SET: Environment and Identity in an Age of Revolutions , 1800–1860

P4-1 | Commerce Overcomes Nature’s Obstacles

Canal Commissioners of Ohio Contract (c. 1820s)

P4-2 | Cultivating the "Garden of Graves"

JOSEPH STORY, Address Delivered on the Dedication of the Cemetery at Mount Auburn (1831)

P4-3 | A Woman’s Perspective on the Overland Journey West

EMMELINE B. WELLS, Diary (1846)

P4-4 | Depicting America’s Transcendent Landscape

ASHER BROWN DURAND, Kindred Spirits (1849)

P4-5 | Assessing Climate’s Effect on Americans

FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED, A Journey Through Texas (1854)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 5: CREATING AND PRESERVING A CONTINENTAL NATION (1844–1877)

CHAPTER 13: Expansion, War, and Sectional Crisis, 1844–1860

13-1 | The Lure of the West

LANSFORD HASTINGS, The Emigrant’s Guide to Oregon and California (1845)

13-2 | Two Views of the War with Mexico

JOHN D. SLOAT, To the Inhabitants of California (1846) and GENERAL FRANCISCO MEJIA, A Proclamation at Matamoros (1846)

13-3 | A Southern Perspective on the Political Crisis

JOHN C. CALHOUN, Speech on the Slavery Question (1850)

13-4 | Attacking the Slave Power Conspiracy

CHARLES SUMNER, The Crime of Kansas (1856)

13-5 | Supreme Court Rules Against Antislavery Cause

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

13-6 | A Southern Woman Reacts to Lincoln’s Election

KEZIAH GOODWIN HOPKINS BREVARD, Diary (1860–1861)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 14: Two Societies at War, 1861–1865

14-1 | A Southern Woman Opposes Secession

MARY BERKELEY MINOR BLACKFORD, Letter to John Minor (1861)

14-2 | War’s Impact on Southern Economy

STAUNTON SPECTATOR, The Uses of Economy (1862)

14-3 | A Battlefield View of the Cost of War

CORNELIA HANCOCK, Letters of a Civil War Nurse (1863)

14-4 | Political Divisions over Freeing the Slaves

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and JEFFERSON DAVIS, President’s Message (1863)

14-5 | Hearing the News of Emancipation

HARRY SMITH, Fifty Years of Slavery (1891)

14-6 | Redistributing the Land to Black Refugees

WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, Special Field Order No. 15 (1865)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 15: Reconstruction, 1865–1877

15-1 | President Focuses on Work of Reconstruction

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Last Public Address (1865)

15-2 | A Freed Family’s Dream of Landownership

BETTY POWERS, Federal Writers’ Project Interview (c. 1936)

15-3 | A Former Slave Owner Complains of "Negro Problem"

FRANCES BUTLER LEIGH, Letter to a Friend in England (1867)

15-4 | A Liberal Republican Opposes Universal Suffrage

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS JR., The Protection of the Ballot in National Elections (1869)

15-5 | Nast Lampoons Freedmen’s Government

THOMAS NAST, Colored Rule in a Reconstructed State (1874)

15-6 | African American Congressman Urges Support of Civil Rights Bill

ROBERT BROWNE ELLIOTT, Speech to Congress (1874)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 16: Conquering a Continent, 1854–1890

16-1 | Promoting the Transcontinental Railroad

The Pacific Railway Act (1862)

16-2 | Railroad Transforms the Nation

CURRIER & IVES, Across the Continent (1868)

16-3 | Harvesting the Bison Herds

J. WRIGHT MOOAR, Buffalo Days (1933)

16-4 | Addressing the Indian Question

FRANCIS A. WALKER, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1872)

16-5 | Remembering Indian Boarding School Days

MOURNING DOVE, A Salishan Autobiography (1990)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

PART 5 DOCUMENT SET: Americans Debate the Meaning of the Constitution , 1844–1877

P5-1 | Women Reformers Demand Citizenship Rights

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, Declaration of Rights and Sentiments (1848)

P5-2 | Defining Native American Rights and Limits

STATUTES OF CALIFORNIA, An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (1850)

P5-3 | The Catholic Threat to American Politics

SAMUEL F. B. MORSE, Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States (1855)

P5-4 | Debating the Meaning of the Constitution

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Cooper Union Address (1860)

P5-5 | Southern Leader Contrasts Union and Confederate Constitutions

ALEXANDER STEPHENS, "Cornerstone" Speech (1861)

P5-6 | Freedman Claiming the Rights of Citizenship

REV. HENRY McNEAL TURNER, Speech Before the Georgia State Legislature (1868)

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

James Henretta

James A. Henretta  is Professor Emeritus of American History at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he taught Early American History and Legal History. His publications include “Salutary Neglect”: Colonial Administration under the Duke of Newcastle; Evolution and Revolution: American Society, 1600–1820; and The Origins of American Capitalism. His most recent publication is a long article, “Magistrates, Lawyers, Legislators: The Three Legal Systems of Early America,” in The Cambridge History of American Law.

Eric Hinderaker

Eric Hinderaker is Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Utah. His research explores early modern imperialism, relations between Europeans and Native Americans, military-civilian relations in the Atlantic world, and comparative colonization. His most recent book, Boston's Massacre, was awarded the Cox Book Prize from the Society of the Cincinnati and was a finalist for the George Washington Prize. His other publications include Elusive Empires: Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673–1800; The Two Hendricks: Unraveling a Mohawk Mystery, which won the Herbert H. Lehman Prize for Distinguished Scholarship in New York History from the New York Academy of History; and, with Peter C. Mancall, At the Edge of Empire: The Backcountry in British North America.

Rebecca Edwards

Rebecca Edwards is Eloise Ellery Professor of History at Vassar College, where she teaches courses on nineteenth-century politics, the Civil War, the frontier West, and women, gender, and sexuality. She is the author of, among other publications, Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era; New Spirits: Americans in the “Gilded Age,” 1865–1905; and the essay “Women's and Gender History” in The New American History. She is currently working on a book about the role of childbearing in the expansion of America's nineteenth-century empire.

Robert O. Self

Robert O. Self is Mary Ann Lippitt Professor of American History at Brown University. His research focuses on urban history, American politics, and the post-1945 United States. He is the author of American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland, which won four professional prizes, including the James A. Rawley Prize from the Organization of American Historians, and All in the Family: The Realignment of American Democracy Since the 1960s. He is currently at work on a book about the centrality of houses, cars, and children to family consumption in the twentieth-century United States.