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Literature: A Portable Anthology
Fourth Edition©2017 New Edition Available Janet E. Gardner; Beverly Lawn; Jack Ridl; Peter Schakel
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In this anthology you will discover a choice gathering of classic and contemporary fiction, poetry, and drama. Great writers you may have read, such as Edgar Allan Poe, Kate Chopin, Emily Dickinson, Langston Hughes, and William Shakespeare, are joined by current authors worth knowing, among them Jhumpa Lahiri, Junot Díaz, Joy Harjo, Rita Dove, and Ayad Akhtar. Following the anthology you will find a concise guide to reading and writing about literature, biographical notes on the writers, and a glossary of important literary terms, all to help you understand and appreciate the literature in these pages
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LITERATURE: A PORTABLE ANTHOLOGY, 4E
[*Indicates new to this edition]
CONTENTS
Preface
Selections by Theme and Form PART ONE: 40 STORIES
*Questions for Active Reading: Short Fiction Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado *Sui Sin Far (Edith Maud Eaton), The Land of the Free *Stephen Crane, The Open Boat Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Anton Chekhov, The Lady and the Little Dog Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper *Willa Cather, A Wagner Matinée James Joyce, Araby Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis *Sherwood Anderson, Death in the Woods Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Winter Dreams William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants *Richard Wright, The Man Who Was Almost a Man
*Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P.O. *John Cheever, Reunion Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Shirley Jackson, The Lottery James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find *Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings John Updike, A&P Raymond Carver, Cathedral Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson Alice Walker, Everyday Use *Tobias Wolff, Bullet in the Brain Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried *T.Coraghessan Boyle, After the Plague Jamaica Kincaid, Girl *Dagoberto Gilb, Shout *Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible *Leila Aboulela, The Museum Sherman Alexie, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven *Jhumpa Lahiri, A Temporary Matter *Junot Diaz, How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie *Yiyun Li, A Thousand Years of Good Prayers PART TWO: 200 POEMS
*Questions for Active Reading: Poetry *Anonymous, Barbara Allen *Sir Thomas Wyatt, Whoso list to hunt, *Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, The soote season *Queen Elizabeth, On Monsieur’s Departure *Philip Sidney, Astrophil and Stella, Sonnet 1 ("Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show")
Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love *Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18 ("Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?") William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 ("That time of year thou mayst in me behold") William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 ("Let me not to the marriage of true minds") *Aemilia Lanyer, Eve’s Apology in Defense of Women John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning John Donne, Death, be not proud Ben Jonson, On My First Son Lady Mary Wroth, Am I Thus Conquered? Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time George Herbert, Easter-wings John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent *Anne Bradstreet, Verses upon the Burning of Our House Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress *Katherine Philips’ Friendship’s Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard *Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America William Blake, The Lamb William Blake, The Tyger *William Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey *Samuel Taylor Coleridge, This Lime Tree Bower My Prison *George Gordon, Lord Byron, Prometheus *Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be *John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself *Walt Whitman, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights — Wild Nights! Emily Dickinson, Much Madness is divinest sense Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz — when I died Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death *Emily Dickinson, There’s a Certain Slant of Light *Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky *Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur A.E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask Robert Frost, After Apple-Picking Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night *Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird Wallace Stevens, Emperor of Ice Cream *Georgia Douglas Johnson, Common Dust *Mina Loy, Moreover, the Moon— William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter *Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro *H.D., Helen Marianne Moore, Poetry T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Claude McKay, America *Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips . . . Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est *Dorothy Parker, Resume E. E. cummings, in Just E. E. cummings, next to of course god america i *Langston Hughes, Theme for English B *Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers *Langston Hughes, The Weary Blues Langston Hughes, Harlem *Stevie Smith, Not Waving But Drowning Countee Cullen, Incident W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz *George Oppen, Psalm Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish Elizabeth Bishop, One Art Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays *Muriel Rukeyser, "Waiting for Icarus" Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool *Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour *Philip Larkin, High Windows *Denise Levertov, The Ache of Marriage *Maxine Kumin, Morning Swim *Kenneth Koch, To Stammering *Gerald Stern, I Remember Galileo *Emmett Williams, like attracts like Frank O’Hara, The Day Lady Died Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California *W. S. Merwin, One of the Butterflies *Galway Kinnell, Prayer *Galway Kinnell, When One Has Lived a Long Time Alone *James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota *John Ashbery, They Knew What They Wanted Philip Levine, What Work Is Anne Sexton, Cinderella Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers Adrienne Rich, Diving Into the Wreck Linda Pastan, love poem Etheridge Knight, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane Sylvia Plath, Morning Song Sylvia Plath, Daddy Audre Lorde, Coal Mary Oliver, First Snow Lucille Clifton, at the cemetery, walnut grove plantation, south carolina, 1989 *Lucille Clifton, homage to my hips *C.K. Williams, On the Métro *Charles Simic, Eyes Fastened with Pins Michael S. Harper, Nightmare Begins Responsibility Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break *Seamus Heaney, Digging *Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse Quincy Troupe, A Poem for "Magic" Al Young, A Dance for Ma Rainey James Welch, Christmas Comes to Moccasin Flat *Martha Collins, #14 from White Papers Robert Pinsky, Shirt *Billy Collins, Forgetfulness Toi Derricotte, A Note on My Son's Face Richard Garcia, Why I Left the Church Sharon Olds, I Go Back to May 1937 Marilyn Hacker, Villanelle *James Tate, The Lost Pilot *Louise Glück, Mock Orange Eavan Boland, The Pomegranate *Bernadette Meyer, Sonnet ("You jerk you didn’t call me up") *Kay Ryan, Drops in the Bucket *Wendy Cope, Reading Scheme *Larry Levis, My Story in a Late Style of Fire *Marilyn Nelson, from A Wreath for Emmett Till ("Emmett Till’s name still catches in my throat,") Linda Hogan, Crow Law Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It *Ai, Hoover, Edgar J. *Jane Kenyon, Happiness Heather McHugh, What He Thought Leslie Marmon Silko, Prayer to the Pacific Sekou Sundiata, Blink Your Eyes *Agha Shahid Ali, Even the Rain Victor Hernandez Cruz, Problems with Hurricanes Carolyn Forché, The Colonel Ray A. Young Bear, From the Spotted Night *Jorie Graham, Prayer *Marie Howe, Death: The Last Visit Joy Harjo, She Had Some Horses *Cherrie Moraga, Loving in the War Years Ray González, Praise the Tortilla, Praise Menudo, Praise Chorizo *Mary Ruefle, Rain Effect Alberto Rios, Nani Gary Soto, Moving Away Jimmy Santiago Baca, Family Ties *Naomi Shihab Nye, Gate A4 Rita Dove, Fifth Grade Autobiography Tony Hoagland, A History of Desire *Harryette Mullen, Elliptical *Jane Hirshfield, My Species *Mark Doty, A Display of Mackerel *Kim Addonizio, First Kiss Lorna Dee Cervantes, Freeway 280 Thylias Moss, The Lynching *Cornelius Eady, I’m a Fool to Love You *Patricia Smith, Skinhead Marilyn Chin, How I Got That Name Kimiko Hahn, Mother's Mother Cathy Song, Heaven Li-Young Lee, Eating Alone *Martin Espada, Alabanza *Denise Duhamel, Kinky *Elizabeth Alexander, The Venus Hottentot *Claudia Rankine, You are in the dark, in the car… *Taylor Mali, What Teachers Make Sherman Alexie, Postcards to Columbus Natasha Tretheway, History Lesson Honoree Fanonne Jeffers, Unidentified Female Student, Former Slave Allison Joseph, On Being Told I Don't Speak Like a Black Person *Brian Turner, What Every Soldier Should Know *Eduardo Corral, In Colorado My Father Scoured and Stacked Dishes Terrance Hayes, Talk *Jen Bervin, from Nets [erasure of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 64] *Ross Gay, a small needful fact *Aimee Nezhukumatathil’s "Dear Amy Nehzooukammayatootill," *Jericho Brown, Host *Natalie Diaz, When My Brother was an Aztec *Amit Majmudar, Arms and the Man *Tarfia Faizullah, En Route to Bangladesh *Patricia Lockwood, Rape Joke *Solmaz Sharif, from Reaching Guantanamo
PART THREE: 9 PLAYS
*Questions for Active Reading: Drama Sophocles, Oedipus Rex (Translated by David Grene)
William Shakespeare, Othello the Moor of Venice
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House (Translated by R Farquharson Sharp)
*Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
*Tennessee Williams, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
August Wilson, Fences
*Lynn Nottage, Ruined
*Ayad Akhtar, Disgraced PART FOUR: READING AND WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 1. INTRODUCTION TO READING AND WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
Why Read Literature?
Why Write about Literature?
What to Expect in a Literature Class
Literature and Enjoyment
2. THE ROLE OF GOOD READING
The Value of Rereading
Critical Reading
The Myth of "Hidden Meaning"
Active Reading
EMILY DICKINSON, "Because I could not stop for Death" (Annotated Poem)
Asking Critical Questions of Literature
BEN JONSON, "On My First Son" (Annotated Poem)
Checklist for Good Reading
3. THE WRITING PROCESS Prewriting
The Thesis
Organizing Your Paper
Drafting the Paper
Revising and Editing
Global Revision Checklist
Local Revision Checklist
Final Editing Checklist
Peer Editing and Workshops
Tips for Writing about Literature
Using Quotations Effectively
Quoting from Stories
Quoting from Poems
Quoting from Plays
Manuscript Form
4. COMMON WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
Summary
Response
STUDENT ESSAY: Tom Lyons, "A Boy's View of 'Girl'"
Explication
ROBERT HERRICK, "Upon Julia's Clothes"
STUDENT ESSAY: Jessica Barnes, "Poetry in Motion: Herrick's 'Upon Julia's Clothes'"
Analysis
STUDENT ESSAY: Adam Walker, Possessed by the Need for Possession: Browning's 'My Last Duchess'"
Comparison and Contrast
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, "After Death"
STUDENT ESSAY: Todd Bowen, "Speakers for the Dead: Narrators in 'My Last Duchess' and 'After Death'"
Essay Exams
STUDENT ESSAY EXAM: Midterm Essay
5. WRITING ABOUT STORIES Elements of Fiction
Stories for Analysis
KATE CHOPIN, "The Story of an Hour" (Annotated Story)
Questions on the Stories
STUDENT ESSAY: An Essay that Compares and Contrasts: Melanie Smith, "Good Husbands in Bad Marriages"
6. WRITING ABOUT POEMS
Elements of Poetry
Two Poems for Analysis
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, "Sonnet 116" (Annotated Poem)
Questions on the Poem
T.S. ELIOT, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (Annotated Poem)
Questions on the Poem
STUDENT ESSAY: An Explication: Patrick Mccorkle, "Shakespeare Defines Love"
7. WRITING ABOUT PLAYS
Elements of Drama
How to Read a Play
Director's Questions for Play Analysis
STUDENT ESSAY: An Analysis: Sarah Johnson, "Moral Ambiguity and Character Development in Trifles"
8. WRITING A LITERARY RESEARCH PAPER
Finding Sources
Evaluating Sources
Working with Sources
Writing the Paper
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
What to Document and What Not to Document
*Documenting Sources: MLA Format
*In-Text Citations
*Preparing Your Works Cited List
STUDENT ESSAY: Research Paper: Jarrad S. Nunes, "Emily Dickinson's 'Because I could not stop for Death': Challenging Readers' Expectations"
9. LITERARY CRITICISM AND LITERARY THEORY
Formalism and New Criticism
Feminist and Gender Criticism
Queer Theory
Marxist Criticism
Cultural Studies
Postcolonial Criticism
Historical Criticism and New Historicism
Psychological Theories
Reader-Response Theories
Structuralism
Poststructuralism and Deconstruction
Biographical Notes on the Authors
Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines
[*Indicates new to this edition]
CONTENTS
Preface
Selections by Theme and Form PART ONE: 40 STORIES
*Questions for Active Reading: Short Fiction Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado *Sui Sin Far (Edith Maud Eaton), The Land of the Free *Stephen Crane, The Open Boat Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Anton Chekhov, The Lady and the Little Dog Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper *Willa Cather, A Wagner Matinée James Joyce, Araby Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis *Sherwood Anderson, Death in the Woods Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Winter Dreams William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants *Richard Wright, The Man Who Was Almost a Man
*Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P.O. *John Cheever, Reunion Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Shirley Jackson, The Lottery James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find *Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings John Updike, A&P Raymond Carver, Cathedral Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson Alice Walker, Everyday Use *Tobias Wolff, Bullet in the Brain Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried *T.Coraghessan Boyle, After the Plague Jamaica Kincaid, Girl *Dagoberto Gilb, Shout *Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible *Leila Aboulela, The Museum Sherman Alexie, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven *Jhumpa Lahiri, A Temporary Matter *Junot Diaz, How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie *Yiyun Li, A Thousand Years of Good Prayers PART TWO: 200 POEMS
*Questions for Active Reading: Poetry *Anonymous, Barbara Allen *Sir Thomas Wyatt, Whoso list to hunt, *Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, The soote season *Queen Elizabeth, On Monsieur’s Departure *Philip Sidney, Astrophil and Stella, Sonnet 1 ("Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show")
Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love *Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18 ("Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?") William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 ("That time of year thou mayst in me behold") William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 ("Let me not to the marriage of true minds") *Aemilia Lanyer, Eve’s Apology in Defense of Women John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning John Donne, Death, be not proud Ben Jonson, On My First Son Lady Mary Wroth, Am I Thus Conquered? Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time George Herbert, Easter-wings John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent *Anne Bradstreet, Verses upon the Burning of Our House Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress *Katherine Philips’ Friendship’s Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard *Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America William Blake, The Lamb William Blake, The Tyger *William Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey *Samuel Taylor Coleridge, This Lime Tree Bower My Prison *George Gordon, Lord Byron, Prometheus *Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be *John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself *Walt Whitman, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights — Wild Nights! Emily Dickinson, Much Madness is divinest sense Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz — when I died Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death *Emily Dickinson, There’s a Certain Slant of Light *Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky *Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur A.E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask Robert Frost, After Apple-Picking Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night *Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird Wallace Stevens, Emperor of Ice Cream *Georgia Douglas Johnson, Common Dust *Mina Loy, Moreover, the Moon— William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter *Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro *H.D., Helen Marianne Moore, Poetry T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Claude McKay, America *Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips . . . Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est *Dorothy Parker, Resume E. E. cummings, in Just E. E. cummings, next to of course god america i *Langston Hughes, Theme for English B *Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers *Langston Hughes, The Weary Blues Langston Hughes, Harlem *Stevie Smith, Not Waving But Drowning Countee Cullen, Incident W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz *George Oppen, Psalm Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish Elizabeth Bishop, One Art Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays *Muriel Rukeyser, "Waiting for Icarus" Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool *Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour *Philip Larkin, High Windows *Denise Levertov, The Ache of Marriage *Maxine Kumin, Morning Swim *Kenneth Koch, To Stammering *Gerald Stern, I Remember Galileo *Emmett Williams, like attracts like Frank O’Hara, The Day Lady Died Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California *W. S. Merwin, One of the Butterflies *Galway Kinnell, Prayer *Galway Kinnell, When One Has Lived a Long Time Alone *James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota *John Ashbery, They Knew What They Wanted Philip Levine, What Work Is Anne Sexton, Cinderella Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers Adrienne Rich, Diving Into the Wreck Linda Pastan, love poem Etheridge Knight, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane Sylvia Plath, Morning Song Sylvia Plath, Daddy Audre Lorde, Coal Mary Oliver, First Snow Lucille Clifton, at the cemetery, walnut grove plantation, south carolina, 1989 *Lucille Clifton, homage to my hips *C.K. Williams, On the Métro *Charles Simic, Eyes Fastened with Pins Michael S. Harper, Nightmare Begins Responsibility Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break *Seamus Heaney, Digging *Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse Quincy Troupe, A Poem for "Magic" Al Young, A Dance for Ma Rainey James Welch, Christmas Comes to Moccasin Flat *Martha Collins, #14 from White Papers Robert Pinsky, Shirt *Billy Collins, Forgetfulness Toi Derricotte, A Note on My Son's Face Richard Garcia, Why I Left the Church Sharon Olds, I Go Back to May 1937 Marilyn Hacker, Villanelle *James Tate, The Lost Pilot *Louise Glück, Mock Orange Eavan Boland, The Pomegranate *Bernadette Meyer, Sonnet ("You jerk you didn’t call me up") *Kay Ryan, Drops in the Bucket *Wendy Cope, Reading Scheme *Larry Levis, My Story in a Late Style of Fire *Marilyn Nelson, from A Wreath for Emmett Till ("Emmett Till’s name still catches in my throat,") Linda Hogan, Crow Law Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It *Ai, Hoover, Edgar J. *Jane Kenyon, Happiness Heather McHugh, What He Thought Leslie Marmon Silko, Prayer to the Pacific Sekou Sundiata, Blink Your Eyes *Agha Shahid Ali, Even the Rain Victor Hernandez Cruz, Problems with Hurricanes Carolyn Forché, The Colonel Ray A. Young Bear, From the Spotted Night *Jorie Graham, Prayer *Marie Howe, Death: The Last Visit Joy Harjo, She Had Some Horses *Cherrie Moraga, Loving in the War Years Ray González, Praise the Tortilla, Praise Menudo, Praise Chorizo *Mary Ruefle, Rain Effect Alberto Rios, Nani Gary Soto, Moving Away Jimmy Santiago Baca, Family Ties *Naomi Shihab Nye, Gate A4 Rita Dove, Fifth Grade Autobiography Tony Hoagland, A History of Desire *Harryette Mullen, Elliptical *Jane Hirshfield, My Species *Mark Doty, A Display of Mackerel *Kim Addonizio, First Kiss Lorna Dee Cervantes, Freeway 280 Thylias Moss, The Lynching *Cornelius Eady, I’m a Fool to Love You *Patricia Smith, Skinhead Marilyn Chin, How I Got That Name Kimiko Hahn, Mother's Mother Cathy Song, Heaven Li-Young Lee, Eating Alone *Martin Espada, Alabanza *Denise Duhamel, Kinky *Elizabeth Alexander, The Venus Hottentot *Claudia Rankine, You are in the dark, in the car… *Taylor Mali, What Teachers Make Sherman Alexie, Postcards to Columbus Natasha Tretheway, History Lesson Honoree Fanonne Jeffers, Unidentified Female Student, Former Slave Allison Joseph, On Being Told I Don't Speak Like a Black Person *Brian Turner, What Every Soldier Should Know *Eduardo Corral, In Colorado My Father Scoured and Stacked Dishes Terrance Hayes, Talk *Jen Bervin, from Nets [erasure of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 64] *Ross Gay, a small needful fact *Aimee Nezhukumatathil’s "Dear Amy Nehzooukammayatootill," *Jericho Brown, Host *Natalie Diaz, When My Brother was an Aztec *Amit Majmudar, Arms and the Man *Tarfia Faizullah, En Route to Bangladesh *Patricia Lockwood, Rape Joke *Solmaz Sharif, from Reaching Guantanamo
PART THREE: 9 PLAYS
*Questions for Active Reading: Drama Sophocles, Oedipus Rex (Translated by David Grene)
William Shakespeare, Othello the Moor of Venice
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House (Translated by R Farquharson Sharp)
*Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
*Tennessee Williams, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
August Wilson, Fences
*Lynn Nottage, Ruined
*Ayad Akhtar, Disgraced PART FOUR: READING AND WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 1. INTRODUCTION TO READING AND WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
Why Read Literature?
Why Write about Literature?
What to Expect in a Literature Class
Literature and Enjoyment
2. THE ROLE OF GOOD READING
The Value of Rereading
Critical Reading
The Myth of "Hidden Meaning"
Active Reading
EMILY DICKINSON, "Because I could not stop for Death" (Annotated Poem)
Asking Critical Questions of Literature
BEN JONSON, "On My First Son" (Annotated Poem)
Checklist for Good Reading
3. THE WRITING PROCESS Prewriting
The Thesis
Organizing Your Paper
Drafting the Paper
Revising and Editing
Global Revision Checklist
Local Revision Checklist
Final Editing Checklist
Peer Editing and Workshops
Tips for Writing about Literature
Using Quotations Effectively
Quoting from Stories
Quoting from Poems
Quoting from Plays
Manuscript Form
4. COMMON WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
Summary
Response
STUDENT ESSAY: Tom Lyons, "A Boy's View of 'Girl'"
Explication
ROBERT HERRICK, "Upon Julia's Clothes"
STUDENT ESSAY: Jessica Barnes, "Poetry in Motion: Herrick's 'Upon Julia's Clothes'"
Analysis
STUDENT ESSAY: Adam Walker, Possessed by the Need for Possession: Browning's 'My Last Duchess'"
Comparison and Contrast
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, "After Death"
STUDENT ESSAY: Todd Bowen, "Speakers for the Dead: Narrators in 'My Last Duchess' and 'After Death'"
Essay Exams
STUDENT ESSAY EXAM: Midterm Essay
5. WRITING ABOUT STORIES Elements of Fiction
Stories for Analysis
KATE CHOPIN, "The Story of an Hour" (Annotated Story)
Questions on the Stories
STUDENT ESSAY: An Essay that Compares and Contrasts: Melanie Smith, "Good Husbands in Bad Marriages"
6. WRITING ABOUT POEMS
Elements of Poetry
Two Poems for Analysis
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, "Sonnet 116" (Annotated Poem)
Questions on the Poem
T.S. ELIOT, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (Annotated Poem)
Questions on the Poem
STUDENT ESSAY: An Explication: Patrick Mccorkle, "Shakespeare Defines Love"
7. WRITING ABOUT PLAYS
Elements of Drama
How to Read a Play
Director's Questions for Play Analysis
STUDENT ESSAY: An Analysis: Sarah Johnson, "Moral Ambiguity and Character Development in Trifles"
8. WRITING A LITERARY RESEARCH PAPER
Finding Sources
Evaluating Sources
Working with Sources
Writing the Paper
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
What to Document and What Not to Document
*Documenting Sources: MLA Format
*In-Text Citations
*Preparing Your Works Cited List
STUDENT ESSAY: Research Paper: Jarrad S. Nunes, "Emily Dickinson's 'Because I could not stop for Death': Challenging Readers' Expectations"
9. LITERARY CRITICISM AND LITERARY THEORY
Formalism and New Criticism
Feminist and Gender Criticism
Queer Theory
Marxist Criticism
Cultural Studies
Postcolonial Criticism
Historical Criticism and New Historicism
Psychological Theories
Reader-Response Theories
Structuralism
Poststructuralism and Deconstruction
Biographical Notes on the Authors
Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines
Janet E. Gardner
Janet E. Gardnerwas Associate Professor of English at University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, where she taught courses in drama, British and world literature, and writing for many years. She has published numerous articles, reviews, and chapters on contemporary drama, especially modern British drama and the work of Caryl Churchill.
Beverly Lawn
Beverly Lawn (PD, SUNY-Stony Brook), Professor of English Emerita, taught undergraduate and graduate fiction and poetry courses for over three decades. She is editor or coeditor several literature anthologies, including Literature: A Portable Anthology, and is also the author of Throat of Feathers, a book of poems.
Jack Ridl
Jack Ridl is Professor Emeritus of English at Hope College where he taught courses in literature, essay writing, poetry writing, and the nature of poetry for thirty-seven years. The students named him their Outstanding Professor, and in 1996 The Carnegie (CASE) Foundation named him Michigan Professor of the Year. Jack’s poetry has been nominated for 18 Pushcart Prizes and his latest collection is Practicing to Walk Like a Heron (Wayne State University Press, 2013). It was named one of the year’s two best poetry collections by Foreword Reviews/The American Library Association. His collection Losing Season (CavanKerry Press) was named the best sports book of the year for 2009 by The Institute for International Sport.
Jack Ridl and Peter Schakel are co-authors of Approaching Poetry and Approaching Literature, and editors of 250 Poems, all from Bedford/St. Martin’s/Macmillan Learning. In retirement, Jack conducts a range of poetry writing workshops. For information about them and other information about Jack, go to his website at www.ridl.com.
Peter Schakel
Peter Schakel, Peter C. and Emajean Cook Professor of English at Hope College, has published numerous scholarly and pedagogical studies on Jonathan Swift and C. S. Lewis.
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