Exploring American Histories, Value Edition, Combined Volume

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for Exploring American Histories, 4e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the comprehensive text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the comprehensive text and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
How to Use This Book

Chapter 1

Mapping Global Frontiers, to 1590

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Malintzin and Martin Waldseemüller

Native Peoples in the Americas

Native Peoples Develop Diverse Cultures

The Aztecs, the Maya, and the Incas

Native Cultures to the North

Europe Expands Its Reach

The Mediterranean World

Portugal Pursues Long-Distance Trade

European Encounters with West Africa

Worlds Collide

Europeans Cross the Atlantic

Europeans Explore the Americas

Mapmaking and Printing

The Columbian Exchange

Europeans Make Claims to North America

Spaniards Conquer Indian Empires

Spanish Adventurers Head North

Europeans Compete in North America

Spain Seeks Dominion in Europe and the Americas

Conclusion: A Transformed America

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 2

Colonization and Conflicts, 1580–1680

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Powhatan and Anne Hutchinson

Religious, Economic, and Imperial Transformations

The Protestant Reformation

Spain’s Global Empire Declines

France Enters the Race for Empire

The Dutch Expand into North America

The English Seek an Empire

The English Establish Jamestown

Tobacco Fuels Growth in Virginia

Expansion, Rebellion, and the Emergence of Slavery

The English Compete for West Indies Possessions

Pilgrims and Puritans Settle New England

Pilgrims Arrive in Massachusetts

The Puritan Migration

The Puritan Worldview

Anglo-American Ideals, 2001

Dissenters Challenge Puritan Authority

Wars in Old and New England

Conclusion: European Empires in North America

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 3

Colonial America amid Global Change, 1680–1754

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

William Moraley Jr. and Eliza Lucas

Europeans Expand Their Claims

English Colonies Grow and Multiply

The Pueblo Revolt and Spain’s Fragile Empire

France Seeks Land and Control

European Wars and American Consequences

Colonial Conflicts and Indian Alliances

Indians Resist European Encroachment

Conflicts on the Southern Frontier

The Benefits and Costs of Empire

Colonial Traders Join Global Networks

Imperial Policies Focus on Profits

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Seaport Cities and Consumer Cultures

Labor in North America

Finding Work in the Colonies

Coping with Economic Distress

Rural Americans Face Changing Conditions

Slavery Takes Hold in the South

Africans Resist Their Enslavement

Conclusion: Changing Fortunes in British North America

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 4

Religious Strife and Social Upheavals, 1680–1750

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Gilbert Tennent and Sarah Grosvenor

An Ungodly Society?

The Rise of Religious Anxieties

Cries of Witchcraft

Family and Household Dynamics

Women’s Changing Status

Working Families

Reproduction and Women’s Roles

The Limits of Patriarchal Order

Diversity and Competition in Colonial Society

Population Growth and Economic Competition

Increasing Diversity

Expansion and Conflict

Religious Awakenings

The Roots of the Great Awakening

An Outburst of Revivals

Religious Dissension

Political Awakenings

Changing Political Relations

Dissent and Protest

Transforming Urban Politics

Conclusion: A Divided Society

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 5

War and Empire, 1754–1774

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Washington and Pontiac

Imperial Conflicts and Indian Wars, 1754–1763

The Opening Battles

A Shift to Global War

The Costs of Victory

Battles and Boundaries on the Frontier

Conflicts over Land and Labor Escalate

Postwar British Policies and Colonial Unity

Common Grievances

Forging Ties across the Colonies

Great Britain Seeks Greater Control

Resistance to Britain Intensifies

The Stamp Act Inspires Coordinated Resistance

The Townshend Act

The Boston Massacre

Continuing Conflicts at Home

Tea and Widening Resistance

The Continental Congress and Colonial Unity

Conclusion: Liberty within Empire

Chapter Review

Chapter 6

The American Revolution, 1775–1783

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Thomas Paine and Elizabeth Freeman

The Question of Independence

Armed Conflict Erupts

Building a Continental Army

Reasons for Caution and for Action

Declaring Independence

Choosing Sides

Recruiting Supporters

Choosing Neutrality

Committing to Independence

Fighting for Independence, 1776–1777

British Troops Gain Early Victories

Patriots Prevail in New Jersey

A Critical Year of Warfare

Patriots Gain Critical Assistance

Surviving on the Home Front

Governing in Revolutionary Times

Colonies Become States

Patriots Divide over Slavery

France Allies with the Patriots

Raising Armies and Funds

Indian and Patriots Battle for Land

Conflicts Escalate on the Frontier

Winning the War and the Peace, 1778–1783

War Rages in the South

An Uncertain Peace

A Surprising Victory

Conclusion: Legacies of the Revolution

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 7

Forging a New Nation, 1783–1800

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Daniel Shays and Alexander Hamilton

Financial, Frontier, and Foreign Problems

Continental Officers Threaten Confederation

Indians, Land, and the Northwest Ordinance

Depression and Debt

On the Political Margins

Separating Church and State

African Americans Struggle for Rights

Women Seek Wider Roles

Indebted Farmers Fuel Political Crises

Reframing the American Government

The Constitutional Convention of 1787

Americans Battle over Ratification

Organizing the Federal Government

Hamilton Forges an Economic Agenda

Years of Crisis, 1792–1796

Foreign Trade and Foreign Wars

Disease and Dissent

Further Conflicts on the Frontier

The First Party System

The Adams Presidency

The Election of 1800

Conclusion: A Young Nation Comes of Age

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 8

The Early Republic, 1790–1820

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Parker Cleaveland and Sacagawea

The Dilemmas of National Identity

Education for a New Nation

Literary and Cultural Developments

Religious Renewal

The Racial Limits of "American" Culture

A New Capital for a New Nation

Extending Federal Power

A New Administration Faces Challenges

The Louisiana Territory and Indian Societies

The Supreme Court Extends Its Reach

Partisanship, 2012

Democratic-Republicans Expand Federal Powers

Remaking America’s Economic Character

Native Lands and American Migrations

Technology Reshapes Agriculture and Industry

Transforming Domestic Production

Technology, Cotton, and Slaves

Conclusion: New Identities and New Challenges

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 9

Defending and Redefining the Nation, 1809–1832

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Dolley Madison and John Ross

Conflicts at Home and Abroad

Tensions at Sea and on the Frontier

War with Britain and their Indian Allies

National Expansion and Regional Economies

Governments Fuel Economic Growth

Americans Expand the Nation’s Borders

Regional Economic Development

Economic and Political Crises

The Panic of 1819

Slavery in Missouri

The Expansion and Limits of American Democracy

Expanding Voting Rights

Racist Restrictions and Racial Violence

Political Realignments

The Presidential Election of 1828

Jacksonian Politics in Action

A Democratic Spirit?

Confrontations over Tariffs and the Bank

Contesting Indian Removal

Conclusion: The Nation Faces New Challenges

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 10

Social and Cultural Ferment in the North, 1820–1850

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Charles Grandison Finney and Amy Kirby Post

The Market Revolution

Creating an Urban Landscape

The Lure of Urban Life

Roots of Urban Disorder

The New Middle Class

The Rise of Industry

Factory Towns and Women Workers

The Decline of Craft Work and Workingmen’s Responses

The Panic of 1837

Saving the Nation from Sin

The Second Great Awakening

New Visions of Faith and Reform

Transcendentalism

Organizing for Change

Varieties of Reform

The Problem of Poverty

The Temperance Movement

Utopian Communities

Abolitionism Expands and Divides

The Beginnings of the Antislavery Movement

Abolition Gains Ground and Enemies

Abolitionism and Women’s Rights

The Rise of Antislavery Parties

Conclusion: From the North to the Nation

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 11

Slavery Expands South and West, 1830–1850

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

José Antonio Menchaca and Solomon Northrup

Planters Expand the Slave System

A Plantation Society Develops in the South

Urban Life in the Slave South

The Consequences of Slavery’s Expansion

Slave Society and Culture

Enslaved Labor Fuels the Economy

Developing an African American Culture

Resistance and Rebellion

Planters Tighten Control

Harsher Treatment for Southern Blacks

White Southerners without Slaves

Planters Seek to Unify Southern Whites

Democrats Face Political and Economic Crises

The Battle for Texas

Indians Resist Removal

Van Buren and the Panic of 1837

The Whigs Win the White House

The National Government Looks to the West

Expanding to Oregon and Texas

Pursuing War with Mexico

Debates over Slavery Intensify

Conclusion: Geographical Expansion and Political Division

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 12

Imperial Ambitions and Sectional Crises, 1842–1861

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

John C. Frémont and Dred Scott

Claiming the West

Traveling the Overland Trail

The Gold Rush

A Crowded Land

Expansion and the Politics of Slavery

California and the Compromise of 1850

The Fugitive Slave Act Inspires Northern Protest

Pierce Encourages U.S. Expansion

Sectional Crises Intensify

Popularizing Antislavery Sentiment

The Kansas-Nebraska Act Stirs Dissent

Bleeding Kansas and the Election of 1856

The Dred Scott Decision

From Sectional Crisis to Southern Secession

Cortina’s War and John Brown’s Raid

The Election of 1860

From Secession to War

Conclusion: A Nation Divided

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 13

Civil War, 1861–1865

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Frederick Douglass and Rose O’Neal Greenhow

The Nation at War, 1861-1862

Both Sides Prepare for War

Wartime Roles of African Americans, Indians, and Mexican Americans

Union Politicians Consider Emancipation

War Transforms the North and the South

Life and Death on the Battlefield

The Northern Economy Expands

Urbanization and Industrialization in the South

Women Aid the War Effort

Dissent and Protest in the Midst of War

The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865

Key Victories for the Union

African Americans Contribute to Victory

The Final Battles of a Hard War

The War Comes to an End

Conclusion: An Uncertain Future

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 14

Emancipation and Reconstruction, 1863–1877

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Jefferson Long and Andrew Johnson

Emancipation

African Americans Embrace Freedom

Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery

Freedom to Learn

Freedom to Worship and the Leadership Role of Black Churches

National Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln Plans for Reunification

Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction

Johnson and Congressional Resistance

Congressional Reconstruction

The Struggle for Universal Suffrage

Remaking the South

Whites Reconstruct the South

Black Political Participation and Economic Opportunities

White Resistance to Congressional Reconstruction

The Unraveling of Reconstruction

The Republican Retreat

Congressional and Judicial Retreat

The Presidential Compromise of 1876

Conclusion: The Legacies of Reconstruction

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 15

The West, 1865–1896

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Annie Oakley and Geronimo

Opening the West

The Great Plains

Federal Policy and Foreign Investment

Indians and Resistance to Expansion

Indian Civilizations

Federal Policy toward Indians before 1870

Reconstruction and Indians

Indian Defeat

Reforming Indian Policy

Indian Assimilation and Resistance

The Mining and Lumber Industries

The Business of Mining

Life in the Mining Towns

The Lumber Boom

The Cattle Industry and Commercial Farming

The Life of the Cowboy

The Rise of Commercial Ranching

Commercial Farming

Women Homesteaders

Farming on the Great Plains

Diversity in the Far West

Mormons

Californios and Mexican Americans

The Chinese

Conclusion: The Ambiguous Legacy of the West

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 16

Industrial America, 1877–1900

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Andrew Carnegie and John Sherman

America Industrializes

The New Industrial Economy

Innovation and Inventions

Building a New South

Industrial Consolidation

The Growth of Corporations

Laissez-Faire, Social Darwinism, and Their Critics

The Doctrines of Success

Challenges to Laissez-Faire

Society and Culture in the Gilded Age

Wealthy and Middle-Class Leisure-Time Pursuits

Changing Gender Roles

Black America and Jim Crow

National Politics in the Era of Industrialization

The Weak Presidency

Congressional Inefficiency

The Business of Politics

An Energized and Entertained Electorate

Conclusion: Industrial America

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 17

Workers and Farmers in the Age of Organization, 1877–1900

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

John McLuckie and Mary Elizabeth Lease

Working People Organize

The Industrialization of Labor

Organizing Unions

Clashes between Workers and Owners

Working-Class Leisure in Industrial America

Farmers Organize

Farmers Unite

Populists Rise Up

The Depression of the 1890s

Depression Politics

Political Realignment in the Election of 1896

The Decline of the Populists

Conclusion: A Passion for Organization

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 18

Cities, Immigrants, and the Nation, 1880–1914

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Beryl Lassin and Maria Vik Takacs

A New Wave of Immigrants

Immigrants Arrive from Many Lands

Creating Immigrant Communities

Hostility toward Recent Immigrants

The Assimilation Dilemma

Becoming an Urban Nation

The New Industrial City

Expand Upward and Outward

How the Other Half Lived

Urban Politics at the Turn of the Century

Political Machines and City Bosses

Urban Reformers

Conclusion: A Nation of Cities

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 19

Progressivism and the Search for Order, 1900–1917

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Gifford Pinchot and Gene Stratton-Porter

The Roots of Progressivism

Progressive Origins

Muckrakers

Humanitarian and Social Justice Reform

Female Progressives and the Poor

Fighting for Women’s Suffrage

Progressivism and African Americans

Progressivism and Indians

Morality and Social Control

Prohibition

Prostitution, Narcotics, and Juvenile Delinquency

Birth Control

Immigration Restriction

Good Government Progressivism

Municipal and State Reform

Conservation and Preservation of the Environment

Presidential Progressivism

Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal

Taft Retreats from Progressivism

The Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom Agenda

Conclusion: The Progressive Legacy

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 20

Empire, Wars, and Pandemic, 1898–1919

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Alfred Thayer Mahan and José Martí

The Awakening of Imperialism

The Economics of Expansion

Cultural Justifications for Imperialism

Gender and Empire

The War with Spain

Revolution in Cuba

The War of 1898

The Pacification of Cuba

The Philippine War

Extending U.S. Imperialism, 1899–1913

Theodore Roosevelt and "Big Stick" Diplomacy

Opening the Door in China

Wilson and American Foreign Policy, 1912–1917

Diplomacy and War

Making the World Safe for Democracy

Fighting the War at Home

Government by Commission

Winning Hearts and Minds

1918-19 Influenza Pandemic

Waging Peace

The Failure of Ratification

Conclusion: A U.S. Empire

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 21

The Twenties, 1919–1929

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

D. C. Stephenson and Ossian Sweet

Social Turmoil

The Red Scare, 1919–1920

Racial Violence in the Postwar Era

Prosperity, Consumption, and Growth

Government Promotion of the Economy

Americans Become Consumers

Urbanization

Perilous Prosperity

Challenges to Social Conventions

Breaking with the Old Morality

The Harlem Renaissance

Marcus Garvey and Black Nationalism

Culture Wars

Prohibition

Nativists versus Immigrants

Resurrection of the Ku Klux Klan

Fundamentalism versus Modernism

Politics and the Fading of Prosperity

The Battle for the Soul of the Democratic Party

Lingering Progressivism

Financial Crash

Conclusion: The Transitional Twenties

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 22

Depression, Dissent, and the New Deal, 1929–1940

AMERICAN HISTORIES

Eleanor Roosevelt and Luisa Moreno

The Great Depression

Hoover Faces the Depression

Hoovervilles and Dust Storms

Challenges for Racial Minorities

Families under Strain

Organized Protest

The New Deal

Roosevelt Restores Confidence

Steps toward Recovery

Direct Assistance and Relief

New Deal Critics

The New Deal Moves to the Left

Expanding Relief Measures

Establishing Social Security

Organized Labor Strikes Back

A Half Deal for Racial Minorities

Decline of the New Deal

Conclusion: New Deal Liberalism

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 23

World War II, 1933–1945

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

J. Robert Oppenheimer and Fred Korematsu

The Road toward War

The Growing Crisis in Europe

The Challenge to Isolationism

The United States Enters the War

The Home-Front Economy

Managing the Wartime Economy

New Opportunities for Women

Everyday Life on the Home Front

Fighting for Equality at Home

The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

Struggles for Mexican Americans

American Indians

The Ordeal of Japanese Americans

Global War

War in Europe

War in the Pacific

Ending the War

Evidence of the Holocaust

Conclusion: The Impact of World War II

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 24

The Opening of the Cold War, 1945–1961

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Kennan and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1947

Mutual Misunderstandings

The Truman Doctrine

The Marshall Plan and Economic Containment

The Cold War Hardens, 1948–1953

Military Containment

The Korean War

The Korean War and the Imperial Presidency

Combating Communism at Home, 1945–1954

Loyalty and the Second Red Scare

McCarthyism

The Cold War Expands, 1953 –1961

Nuclear Weapons and Containment

Decolonization

Interventions in the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa

Early Intervention in Vietnam, 1954–1960

Conclusion: The Cold War and Anticommunism

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 25

Troubled Innocence, 1945–1961

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Alan Freed and Grace Metalious

Peacetime Transition and the Boom Years

Peacetime Challenges, 1945–1948

Economic Conversion and Labor Discontent

Truman, the New Deal Coalition, and the Election of 1948

Economic Boom

Baby Boom

Changes in Living Patterns

The Culture of the 1950s

The Rise of Television

Wild Ones on the Big Screen

The Influence of Teenage Culture

The Lives of Women

Religious Revival

Beats and Other Nonconformists

The Growth of the Civil Rights Movement

The Rise of the Southern Civil Rights Movement

School Segregation and the Supreme Court

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

White Resistance to Desegregation

The Sit-Ins

Civil Rights Struggles in the North

Civil Rights Struggles in the West

Domestic Politics in the Eisenhower Era

Modern Republicanism

The Election of 1960

Conclusion: Postwar Politics and Culture

Chapter Review

Chapter 26

Liberalism and Its Challengers, 1960–1973

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Earl Warren and Bayard Rustin

The Politics of Liberalism

Kennedy’s New Frontier

Kennedy, the Cold War, and Cuba

The Civil Rights Movement Intensifies, 1961–1968

Freedom Rides

Kennedy Supports Civil Rights

Freedom Summer and Voting Rights

Civil Rights and Black Power

Federal Efforts toward Social Reform, 1964–1968

The Great Society

The Warren Court

The Vietnam War, 1961–1969

Kennedy’s Intervention in South Vietnam

Johnson Escalates the War in Vietnam

Challenges to the Liberal Establishment

The New Left

The Counterculture

Liberation Movements

The Revival of Conservatism

Conclusion: Liberalism and Its Discontents

Chapter Review

Chapter 27

The Swing toward Conservatism, 1968–1980

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Pauli Murray and Louise Day Hicks

Nixon: War and Diplomacy, 1969–1974

The Election of 1968

The Failure of Vietnamization

The Cold War Thaws

Crisis in the Middle East and at Home

Nixon and Politics, 1969–1974

Pragmatic Conservatism

The Nixon Landslide and Watergate Scandal, 1972–1974

The Presidency of Jimmy Carter, 1976–1980

Jimmy Carter and the Limits of Affluence

The Perils of Détente

Challenges in the Middle East

The Persistence of Liberalism in the 1970s

Popular Culture

Women’s Movement

Environmentalism

Racial Struggles Continue

Mexican Americans Challenge Discrimination

The New Right Rises

Tax Revolt

Neo-Conservatism

Christian Conservatism

Conclusion: The Swing toward Conservatism

Chapter Review

Chapter 28

The Triumph of Conservatism, the End of the Cold War, and the Rise of the New World Order, 1980–1992

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Shultz and Demetria Martinez

The Reagan Revolution

Reagan and Reaganomics

The Implementation of Social Conservatism

Reagan and the End of the Cold War, 1981–1988

"The Evil Empire"

Human Rights and the Fight against Communism

Fighting International Terrorism

The Nuclear Freeze Movement

The Road to Nuclear De-escalation

The Presidency of George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993

"Kinder and Gentler" Conservatism

The Breakup of the Soviet Union

Globalization and the New World Order

Managing Conflict after the Cold War

The 1992 Election

Conclusion: Conservative Ascendancy and the End of the Cold War

Chapter Review

 

Chapter 29

The Challenges of a Globalized World, 1993 to the present

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Bill Gates and Alicia Garza

Transforming American Society

The Computer Revolution

The Changing American Population

Political Polarization and Globalization in the Clinton Years

Politics during the Clinton Administration

Global Challenges

The Presidency of George W. Bush

Bush and Compassionate Conservatism

The Iraq War

Bush’s Second Term

The Challenges Faced by President Barack Obama

The Great Recession

Obama and the Great Recession

The 2010 Revolt Against Obama

Obama’s Second Term

Latinos and Immigration

Asian Americans

African Americans and Institutional Racism

The Native American Struggle Continued

Obama and the World

The Presidency of Donald Trump

The 2016 Election

The Trump Presidency

Pandemic, Protests, and Politics

Conclusion: Technology and Terror in a Global Society

Chapter Review