Bedford Anthology of American Literature, Volume Two

*indicates new selection or expansion of old selection

**indicates entirely new author and new selection(s)

AMERICAN LITERATURE, 1865–1914

INTRODUCTION

     The Aftermath of the Civil War

     Comparative Timeline

     Expansion, Industrialization, and the Emergence of Modern America

     Map: Immigrants to the United States, 1900

     Innovation, Technology, and the Literary Marketplace

REALISM, REGIONALISM, AND NATURALISM

INTRODUCTION

AMERICAN CONTEXTS

"The America of the Mind": Critics, Writers, and the Representation of Reality

Introduction

Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823–1911)

     from A Plea for Culture

Lafcadio Hearn (1850–1904)

     Recent American Novels

Julian Hawthorne (1846–1934)

     from The American Element in Fiction

Henry James (1843–1916)

     from The Art of Fiction

Anonymous (A "Lady from Philadelphia")

     from The Coming American Novelist

William Dean Howells (1837–1920)

     from Criticism and Fiction

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940)

     from Literary Emancipation of the West

Frank Norris (1870–1902)

     A Plea for Romantic Fiction

Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) (1835–1910)

     Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog

     A True Story, Repeated Word for Word as I Heard It

     from Old Times on the Mississippi

     The Private History of a Campaign that Failed

     The War Prayer

**Writers on Writers: Arthur Miller on Mark Twain

     Arthur Miller (1915-2005)

     from "Introduction," The Oxford Mark Twain

**Bret Harte (1836-1902)

     The Luck of Roaring Camp

William Dean Howells (1837–1920)

     Editha

Ambrose Bierce (1842–1914?)

     Chickamauga

Henry James (1843–1916)

     The Real Thing

     *The Jolly Corner

**Emma Lazarus (1849-1887)

     The Crowing of the Red Cock

     1492

     The New Colossus

Sarah Orne Jewett (1849–1909)

     A White Heron

Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852–1930)

     A New England Nun

Kate Chopin (1850–1904)

     At the ’Cadian Ball

     The Storm: A Sequel to the ’Cadian Ball

Charles W. Chesnutt (1858–1932)

     *The Goophered Grapevine

     The Passing of Grandison

Pauline E. Hopkins (1859–1930)

     "As the Lord Lives, He Is One of Our Mother’s Children"

Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)

     The Yellow Wall-Paper

Abraham Cahan (1860–1951)

     A Ghetto Wedding

Edith Wharton (1862–1937)

     *The Quicksand

Sui Sin Far (Edith Maud Eaton) (1865–1914)

     *Its Wavering Image

Mary Austin (1868–1934)

     The Basket Maker

Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869–1935)

     The House on the Hill

     Luke Havergal

     Zola

     Richard Cory

     Miniver Cheevy

     Eros Turannos

     The Mill

Frank Norris (1870–1902)

     A Deal in Wheat

Stephen Crane (1871–1900)

     The Open Boat

          The Black Riders and Other Lines

     I [Black riders came from the sea.]

     III [In the desert]

     XIV [There was a crimson clash of war.]

     XIX [A god in wrath]

     XXIV [I saw a man pursuing the horizon]

          War Is Kind

     I [Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind.]

     XXI [A man said to the universe;]

          Uncollected Poems

     [A man adrift on a slim spar]

Theodore Dreiser (1871–1945)

     Butcher Rogaum’s Door

Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872–1906)

     An Ante-bellum Sermon

     We Wear the Mask

     Sympathy

Willa Cather (1873–1947)

     A Wagner Matinée

Jack London (1876–1916)

     The Law of Life

WRITING "AMERICAN" LIVES

INTRODUCTION

José Martí (1853–1895)

     Impressions of America, I and III

Zitkala-Ša (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) (1876–1938)

     The School Days of an Indian Girl

Booker T. Washington (1856–1915)

     Up from Slavery

          Chapter 14: The Atlanta Exposition Address

W. E. B. Du Bois (1868 –1963)

     The Souls of Black Folk

          I. Of Our Spiritual Strivings

          III. Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others

Henry Adams (1838–1918)

     The Education of Henry Adams

          Preface

          Chapter XXV. The Dynamo and the Virgin

Mary Antin (1881–1949)

     The Promised Land

          from Chapter 9: The Promised Land

AMERICAN LITERATURE, 1914–1945

INTRODUCTION

     Art and Society in the Era of the Great War

     Comparative Timeline

     American Culture in the 1920s

     Map: The Great Migration, 1914–1930

     From the Great Depression to World War II

MODERNISMS IN AMERICAN POETRY

INTRODUCTION

AMERICAN CONTEXTS

"MAKE IT NEW": THEORIES OF MODERN POETRY

Introduction

Harriet Monroe (1860–1936)

     The Motive of the Magazine

Ezra Pound (1885–1972)

     from A Few Don’ts by an Imagiste

Amy Lowell (1874–1925)

     The New Manner in Modern Poetry

T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)

     from Tradition and the Individual Talent

James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938)

     from The Preface to The Book of American Negro Poetry

Mina Loy (1882–1966)

     from Modern Poetry

Langston Hughes (1902–1967)

     The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain

Hart Crane (1899–1932)

     from Modern Poetry

Robert Frost (1874–1963)

     The Figure a Poem Makes

William Carlos Williams (1883–1963)

     Introduction to The Wedge

James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938)

     The Creation

Amy Lowell (1874–1925)

     The Taxi

     Aubade

     Venus Transiens

     Madonna of the Evening Flowers

     A Decade

     *A Lover

     *The Pond

     *Opal

     *September, 1918

Robert Frost (1874–1963)

     Mending Wall

     Home Burial

     After Apple-Picking

     *The Wood Pile-Pile

     The Road Not Taken

     Birches

     "Out, Out —"

     The Oven Bird"

     Fire and Ice

     Design

     Nothing Gold Can Stay

     Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

     *Acquainted with the Night

     Desert Places

     The Gift Outright

Georgia Douglas Johnson (1877–1966)

     The Heart of a Woman

     Black Woman

     Cosmopolite

     I Want to Die While You Love Me

Carl Sandburg (1878–1967)

     Chicago

     A Fence

     Fog

     Prayers of Steel

     Cool Tombs

     Grass

Wallace Stevens (1879–1955)

     *Peter Quince at the Clavier

     Sunday Morning

     Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird

     The Death of a Soldier

     Anecdote of the Jar

     The Snow Man

     *Tea at the Palaz of Hoon

     The Emperor of Ice-Cream

     The Idea of Order at Key West

     Of Modern Poetry

Mina Loy (1882–1966)

     Love Songs

William Carlos Williams (1883–1963)

     Tract

     The Young Housewife

     Danse Russe

     Portrait of a Lady

     Willow Poem

     Queen-Anne’s-Lace

     The Widow’s Lament in Springtime

     The Great Figure

     Spring and All

     To Elsie

     The Red Wheelbarrow

     This Is Just to Say

     These

     A Sort of a Song

Ezra Pound (1885–1972)

     Portrait d’une Femme

     A Virginal

     The Return

     A Pact

     The Rest

     In a Station of the Metro [First Version]

     In a Station of the Metro [Final Version]

          Cathay

     The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter

     The Jewel Stairs’ Grievance

     Lament of the Frontier Guard

     Taking Leave of a Friend

H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) (1886–1961)

     Oread

     *The Pool

     Garden

     *Sea Rose

     *Eurydice

     Leda

     Helen

Marianne Moore (1887–1972)

     Poetry [First Version]

     Poetry [Final Version]

     *To Military Progress

     *To a Steamroller

     The Fish

     A Grave

     To a Snail

     *An Egyptian Pulled Glass Bottle in the Shape of a Fish"

**Writers on Writers: Elizabeth Bishop on Marianne Moore

     Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979)

     "Miss Moore and Edgar Allan Poe"

Jun Fujita (1888–1963)

     Diminuendo

     Michigan Boulevard

     Chicago River

     My Sister

T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)

     The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

     The Waste Land

     The Journey of the Magi

     Burnt Norton

Claude McKay (1889–1948)

     The Harlem Dancer

     If We Must Die

     The Lynching

     America

     Africa

     Outcast

Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950)

     First Fig

     Second Fig

     [Euclid alone has looked on Beauty bare.]

     [I, being born a woman and distressed]

     [Oh, oh, you will be sorry for that word!]

     Justice Denied in Massachusetts

     *I Forgot for a Moment

E. E. Cummings (1894–1962)

     [in Just-]

     [Buffalo Bill ’s]

     [the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls]

     ["next to of course god america i]

     [i sing of Olaf glad and big]

     [you shall above all things be glad and young.]

     [anyone lived in a pretty how town]

     [thank You God for most this amazing]

Charles Reznikoff (1894–1976)

     Testimony

Hart Crane (1899–1932)

     Voyages I–VI

     To Brooklyn Bridge

     The Broken Tower

Sterling A. Brown (1901–1989)

     *Southern Road

     Strong Men

     Tin Roof Blues

Langston Hughes (1902–1967)

     The Negro Speaks of Rivers

     *Negro

     *Danse Africaine

     Mother to Son

     Jazzonia

     I, Too

     The Weary Blues

     Cross

     Brass Spittoons

     Afro-American Fragment

     Christ in Alabama

     Dream Boogie

     Harlem

Countee Cullen (1903–1946)

     Yet Do I Marvel

     Heritage

     From the Dark Tower

THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN AMERICAN DRAMA

INTRODUCTION

Susan Glaspell (1876–1948)

     Trifles

Eugene O’Neill (1888–1953)

     The Emperor Jones

AT HOME AND ABROAD: AMERICAN FICTION BETWEEN THE WARS

INTRODUCTION

AMERICAN CONTEXTS

From The Great War to The Great Depression: American Writers and the Challenges of Modernity

Introduction

Sherwood Anderson (1876–1941)

     from Apology for Crudity

Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)

     from Composition as Explanation

Donald Davidson (1893–1968)

     from A Mirror for Artists, in I’ll Take My Stand

Michael Gold (1893–1967)

     from Proletarian Realism

Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960)

     from Characteristics of Negro Expression

John Dos Passos (1896–1970)

     The Writer as Technician

Richard Wright (1908–1960)

     from Blueprint for Negro Writing

Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)

     Ada

     Miss Furr and Miss Skeene

     Picasso

Sherwood Anderson (1876–1941)

     Winesburg, Ohio

     Hands

     Paper Pills

     *Adventure

Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980)

     Flowering Judas

Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960)

     *Spunk

     The Gilded Six-Bits

**Writers on Writers: Alice Walker on Zora Neale Hurston

     Alice Walker (b. 1944)

     From "A Cautionary Tale and a Partisan View"

Nella Larsen (1891–1964)

     Sanctuary

María Cristina Mena (1893–1965)

     The Vine Leaf

Jean Toomer (1894–1967)

     Cane

     Portrait in Georgia

     Blood Burning Moon

     Seventh Street

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940)

     The Ice Palace

John Dos Passos (1896–1970)

     1919—Two Portraits

     Vag

William Faulkner (1897–1962)

     That Evening Sun

     Barn Burning

**Writers on Writers: Toni Morrison on William Faulkner

     Toni Morrison (b. 1931)

     from Faulkner and Women

Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)

     Big Two-Hearted River

**Writers on Writers: Terry Tempest Williams on Ernest Hemingway

     Terry Tempest Williams (b. 1955)

     from Hemingway and the Natural World

**Meridel Le Sueur (1900-1996)

     Annunciation

John Steinbeck (1902–1968)

     Flight

Richard Wright (1908–1960)

     Almos’ a Man

Eudora Welty (1909–2001)

     *Lily Daw and the Three Ladies

Carlos Bulosan (1911–1956)

     The End of the War

AMERICAN LITERATURE SINCE 1945

INTRODUCTION

     Culture and Society in the Age of Affluence

     Comparative Timeline

     Conflicts at Home and Abroad

     Into the Twenty-First Century

FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM

INTRODUCTION

Theodore Roethke (1908–1963)

     My Papa’s Waltz

     Cuttings

     Cuttings (later)

     Root Cellar

     The Waking

     I Knew a Woman

     The Far Field

**Writers on Writers: Sherman Alexie on Theodore Roethke

Sherman Alexie (b. 1966)

     from "A Conversation: Sherman Alexie and Diane Thiel"

Elizabeth Bishop (1911–1979)

     *The Fish

     Sestina

     The Armadillo

     In the Waiting Room

     One Art

Tennessee Williams (1911–1983)

     Portrait of a Madonna

Robert Hayden (1913–1980)

     Middle Passage

Tillie Olsen (1912?–2007)

     I Stand Here Ironing

John Berryman (1914–1972)

     From The Dream Songs

          1 [Huffy Henry hid the day,]

          4 [Filling her compact & delicious body]

          14 [Life, friends, is boring. We must not say so.]

          26 [The glories of the world struck me, made me aria, once.]

          45 [He stared at ruin. Ruin stared straight back.]

          384 [The marker slants, flowerless, day’s almost done,]

Ralph Ellison (1913–1994)

     The Invisible Man

Bernard Malamud (1914–1986)

     The First Seven Years

Saul Bellow (1915–2005)

     Looking for Mr. Green

Arthur Miller (1915–2005)

     Death of a Salesman

Robert Lowell (1917–1977)

     Memories of West Street and Lepke

     Skunk Hour

     For the Union Dead

     Waking Early Sunday Morning

Gwendolyn Brooks (1917–2)

     A Street in Bronzeville

     kitchenette building

     the mother

     a song in the front yard

     the preacher: ruminates behind the sermon

     The Bean Eaters

     We Real Cool

     Malcolm X

Hisaye Yamamoto (b. 1921)

     Seventeen Syllables

**Jack Kerouac (1922-1969)

     Alone on a Mountaintop

James Baldwin (1924–1987)

     Notes of a Native Son

Flannery O’Connor (1925–1964)

     A Good Man Is Hard to Find

Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997)

     Howl

John Ashbery (b. 1927)

     The One Thing That Can Save America

     *And Ut Picture Poesis Is Her Name

     My Erotic Double

     Paradoxes and Oxymorons

Edward Albee (b. 1928)

     The Sandbox

Adrienne Rich (b. 1929)

     Trying to Talk with a Man

     A Valediction Forbidding Mourning

     Diving into the Wreck

     Power

Ursula K. Le Guin (b. 1929)

     She Unnames Them

Gary Snyder (b. 1930)

     Riprap

     Beneath My Hand and Eye the Distant Hills, Your Body

     Wave

     Axe Handles

     Ripples on the Surface

Donald Barthelme (1931–1989)

     The School

Toni Morrison (b. 1931)

     Recitatif

Sylvia Plath (1932–1963)

     Morning Song

     Blackberrying

     Mirror

     Daddy

     Lady Lazarus

John Updike (b. 1932)

     A & P

Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) (b. 1934)

     Dutchman

Audre Lorde (1934–1992)

     Coal

     The Woman Thing

     Black Mother Woman

     Stations

Don DeLillo (b. 1936)

     Videotape

Michael S. Harper (b. 1938)

     American History

     Dear John, Dear Coltrane

     Martin’s Blues

     "Bird Lives": Charles Parker in St. Louis

Raymond Carver (1938–1988)

     Are These Actual Miles?

**Writers on Writers: John Updike on Raymond Carver

     John Updike (b. 1932)

     from Raymond Carver: 1938-1988

Gloria Anzaldúa (1942–2004)

     El sonavabitche

**Writers on Writers: Sandra Cisneros on Gloria Anzaldúa

     Sandra Cisneros (b. 1954)

     A Note to Gloria from the Bottom of the Sea

Alice Walker (b. 1944)

     Everyday Use

**August Wilson (1945-2005)

     The Janitor

Tim O’Brien (b. 1946)

     The Things They Carried

**Yusef Komunyakaa (b. 1947)

     The Dead at Quang Tri

     Tu Do Street

     Prisoners

     Facing It

Leslie Marmon Silko (b. 1948)

     Yellow Woman

Joy Harjo (b. 1951)

     New Orleans

     Anchorage

     If You Look with the Mind of the Swirling Earth 0

     The Land Is a Poem

Rita Dove (b. 1952)

     David Walker

     The House Slave

     Kentucky, 1833

     Canary

     History

Sandra Cisneros (b. 1954)

     Mericans

Martín Espada (b. 1957)

     Bully

     Latin Night at the Pawnshop

     Federico’s Ghost

     Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100

Sherman Alexie (b. 1966)

     What You Pawn I Will Redeem

**Junot Díaz (b. 1968)

     Invierno  

AMERICAN CONTEXTS

"Inventing the Truth": The Contemporary Memoir

Introduction

N. Scott Momaday (b. 1934)

     from The Names: A Memoir

Maxine Hong Kingston (b. 1940)

     from The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts

David Mamet (b. 1947)

     The Rake: Scenes from My Childhood

bell hooks (b. 1952)

     from Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood

Gary Soto (b. 1952)

     Like Mexicans

**Allison Bechdel (b. 1960)

     from Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic