An Insider's Guide to Academic Writing with 2020 APA Update

PART ONE:  A GUIDE TO COLLEGE AND COLLEGE WRITING

1.  Inside Colleges and Universities
What is Higher Education?
     How do Colleges and Universities Differ from One Another?
          Inside Work:  Choosing a College
     What is the Purpose of College?
          Inside Work: Writing about College
What are Academic Disciplines?
     How Many Different Academic Disciplines Are There?
          Inside Work:  Understanding Disciplinarity
     Why Do Academics Write?
          Insider’s View:  Undergraduate Students on Academic Writing
          Inside Work:  Thinking about What Academics Write
How Does Writing in College Compare with Writing in Other Contexts?
          Insider’s View; Karen Keaton Jackson, Writing Studies
          Inside Work:  Understanding the Goals of Your Writing Course
     What Do You Already Know about Writing in Different Contexts?
          WRITING PROJECT: Composing a Literacy Narrative
          WRITING PROJECT: Interviewing a Scholar
          Insider Example: Student Interview with a Faculty Member
Tip Sheet: Inside Colleges and Universities

2.  Reading and Writing Rhetorically
Understanding Rhetorical Context
          Insider’s View: Karen Keaton Jackson, Writing Studies
          Inside Work:  Identifying Rhetorical Context
Understanding Genres
          Insider’s Link
Reading Rhetorically
Reading Visuals Rhetorically
          Inside Work:  Reading Rhetorically
Writing Rhetorically
          Inside Work:  Analyzing Rhetorical Context
Rhetorical Writing Processes
          Insider’s View:  Jody Baumgartner and Jonathan Morris, Political Science
          Insider’s View: Patrick Bahls, Mathematics
Writing a Rhetorical Analysis
          George H.W. Bush, Letter to Saddam Hussein
          Insider Example: Student Rhetorical Analysis
          Sofia Lopez, The Multiple Audiences of George H.W. Bush’s Letter to Saddam Hussein
          WRITING PROJECT:  Analyzing the Rhetorical Features of a Text
Tip Sheet: Reading and Writing Rhetorically

3.  Developing Arguments
Understanding Proofs and Appeals
          Inside Work:  Writing About Arguments
Making Claims
     Thesis versus Hypothesis
Developing Reasons
          Inside Work:  Constructing Thesis Statements
Supporting Reasons with Evidence
          Insider’s View: Moriah McCracken, Writing Studies
          Inside Work: Analyzing Audience Expectations 
Understanding Assumptions 
          Inside Work:  Considering Assumptions and Audience
Anticipating Counterarguments
          Insider’s View: Mike Brotherton, Astronomy
          Inside Work:  Dealing with Counterarguments
Analyzing Arguments
          Insider Example: Professional Analysis of an Advertisement
               Jack Solomon, from “Masters of Desire: The Culture of American Advertising” 
          Insider Example: Student Analysis of an Advertisement
              Timothy Holtzhauser, Rhetoric of a 1943 War Bonds Ad 
          WRITING PROJECT: Composing a Rhetorical Analysis of an Advertisement
Tip Sheet: Developing Arguments
  
4. Academic Research
Conducting Research
     Developing a Research Question
          Inside Work: Writing a Research Question
     Choosing Primary and Secondary Sources 
          Insider’s Link
          Insider’s View: Moriah McCracken, Writing Studies
          Inside Work:  Collecting Primary Evidence
          Inside Work: Using Primary and Secondary Sources
     Searching for Sources
          Identifying Search Terms
          Inside Work:  Generating Search Terms
          Using Journal Databases 
          Searching for Journal Articles by Discipline 
     Evaluating Sources
          Distinguishing between Scholarly and Popular Sources 
          Insider’s View: Jonathan Morris, Political Science
          Inside Work:  Evaluating Sources
     Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Quoting from Sources
          Summary
          Paraphrase
          Quotation 
          Inside Work: Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting from Sources
     Avoiding Plagiarism
          Insider’s View: Karen Keaton Jackson, Writing Studies
          Inside Work: Understanding Plagiarism
     Understanding Documentation Systems
          WRITING PROJECT: Writing an Annotated Bibliography
          WRITING PROJECT:  Developing a Supported Argument on a Controversial Issue
Insider Example: Student Researched Argument on a Controversial Issue
     Ashlyn Sims, “Condom Distribution in High School”
Tip Sheet: Academic Research

PART TWO:  INSIDE ACADEMIC WRITING

5.  Reading and Writing in Academic Disciplines
          Research in the Disciplines
          Conventions of Writing in the Disciplines
          Genres in the Disciplines
          Insider’s View: Karen Keaton Jackson, Writing Studies
Analyzing Genres and Conventions of Academic Writing
          Insider’s View:  Moriah McCracken, Writing Studies
Adapting to Different Rhetorical Contexts: An Academic Writer at Work
          Insider’s View: Mike Brotherton, Astronomy
          Inside Work:  Reflecting on a Discipline
Using Rhetorical Context to Analyze Writing for a Non-Academic Audience
          Mike Brotherton, from “Hubble Space Telescope Spies Galaxy/Black Hole Evolution in Action”
          Insider’s View: Mike Brotherton, Astronomy
          Inside Work: Reflecting on Rhetorical Context 
Using Structure, Language, and Reference to Analyze Academic Writing
          M. S. Brotherton, Wil van Breughel, S. A. Stanford, R. J. Smith, B. J. Boyle, Lance Miller, T.
          Shanks, S. M. Croom, and Alexie V. Filipenko, From, A Spectacular Poststarburst Quasar
          Insider’s View:  Mike Brotherton, Astronomy
          Inside Work: Reflecting on Disciplinary Writing  
          WRITING PROJECT:  Writing a Rhetorical Analysis of an Academic Article
          WRITING PROJECT:  Writing a Comparative Rhetorical Analysis
          WRITING PROJECT: Comparing Scholarly and Popular Articles
Translating Scholarly Writing for Different Rhetorical Contexts
          Insider Example: Student Translation of a Scholarly Article
          Jonathan Nastasi, Life May Be Possible on Other Planets
          WRITING PROJECT:  Translating a Scholarly Article for a Public Audience
Tip Sheet: Reading and Writing in Academic Disciplines

6. Reading and Writing in the Humanities
Introduction to the Humanities
          Insider’s View:  John McCurdy, History
     Texts and Meaning
          Inside Work:  Thinking about Texts
     Observation and Interpretation
          Inside Work: Observing and Asking Questions
Research in the Humanities
          Inside Work: Observing and Interpreting Images
     The Role of Theory in the Humanities
     Close Reading in the Humanities
          Insider Example: Professional Close Reading
          Dale Jacobs, “More than Words:  Comics as a Means of Teaching Multiple Literacies”
     Strategies for Close Reading and Observation
          Kate Chopin, from “The Story of an Hour
          Inside Work: Annotating a Text
          Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour”
          Inside Work:  Preparing a Content/Form-Response Grid
     Responding to the Interpretations of Others
Conventions of Writing in the Humanities
          Insider’s View:  Shelley Garrigan, Spanish Language and Literature
     Structural Conventions
     Developing Research Questions and Thesis Statements
          Insider’s View: Karen Keaton Jackson, Writing Studies
          Inside Work: Developing Why, What, and How Questions
     Developing Effective Thesis Statements 
          Inside Work: Drafting Thesis Statements
     Five-Paragraph Essays and Other Thesis-Driven Templates
     Other Structural Conventions in the Humanities
     Language Conventions in the Humanities
     Reference Conventions in the Humanities
     Documentation
           Inside Work:  Analyzing Scholarly Writing in the Humanities
Genres of Writing in the Humanities
          Insider’s View:  Shelley Garrigan, Spanish Language and Literature
     Textual Interpretation
          WRITING PROJECT: Interpreting a Text
          Insider Example: Student Interpretation of a Text
          Sarah Ray, “ ‘Til Death Do Us Part’: An Analysis of Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour”
     Artistic Texts
          WRITING PROJECT: Creating an Artistic Text
Tip Sheet: Reading and Writing in the Humanities

7. Reading and Writing in the Social Sciences
Introduction to the Social Sciences
          Insider’s View:  Kevin Rathunde, Social Science
          Inside Work:  Observing Behavior
Research in the Social Sciences
     The Role of Theory
          Insider Example:  Exploring Social Science Theory
          Kalervo Oberg, from “Culture Shock: Adjustments to New Cultural Environments”
          Inside Work: Tracing a Theory’s Development
     Research Questions and Hypotheses  
          Inside Work:  Developing Hypotheses
     Methods
          Insider’s View:  Kevin Rathunde, Social Science
     Quantitative Methods 
     Qualitative Methods 
     Mixed Methods 
          Inside Work:  Considering Research Methods
     The IRB Process and Use of Human Subjects
Conventions of Writing in the Social Sciences
          Insider’s View: Aya Matsuda, Linguistics
     Structural Conventions and IMRAD Format
     Other Structural Conventions
          Inside Work:  Observing Structural Conventions
     Language Conventions
          Inside Work:  Observing Language Features
     Reference Conventions
          Inside Work:  Observing Reference Features
Genres of Writing in the Social Sciences 
          Insider’s View:  Aya Matsuda, Linguistics 
     The Literature Review 
          Insider Example: An Embedded Literature Review
     Writing a Literature Review
          WRITING PROJECT:  Writing a Literature Review
          Insider Example:  Student Literature Review
          William O’Brien, “Effects of Sleep Deprivation: A Literature Review”
     Theory Response Essay
          WRITING PROJECT:  Writing a Theory Response
          Insider’s Example: Student Theory Response Paper
          Matt Kapadia, “Evaluation of the Attribution Theory”
Tip Sheet: Reading and Writing in the Social Sciences

8. Reading and Writing in the Natural Sciences
Introduction to the Natural Sciences
          Insider’s View:  Sian Proctor, Geology
Research in the Natural Sciences
          Insider’s View:  Page Geiger, Molecular and Integrative Physiology
          Inside Work:  Considering a Natural Science Topic
     Observation and Description in the Natural Sciences
          Inside Work: Thinking about Systematic Observation in the Sciences
     Moving from Description to Speculation
          Inside Work: Practicing Description and Speculation  
          Inside Work: Developing Research Questions and a Hypothesis
     Designing a Research Study in the Natural Sciences
          Insider’s View:  Michelle LaRue, Conservation Biologist
          Inside Work:  Freewriting about an Experiment
Conventions of Writing in the Natural Sciences
          Insider’s View:  Michelle LaRue, Conservation Biology
     Objectivity
          Inside Work:  Looking for Conventions of Objectivity  
     Replicability
     Recency
          Inside Work:  Looking for Conventions of Replicability and Recency
     Collaboration and Cooperation
Genres of Writing in the Natural Sciences
          Insider’s View:  Page Geiger, Molecular and Integrative Physiology
     An Observation Logbook
          WRITING PROJECT:  An Observation Logbook
          Insider Example:  Student Observation Logbook
          Kedric Lemon, “Comparing Efficiency of Various Batteries Being Used Over Time”
     Research Proposal
          WRITING PROJECT:  Research Proposal
          Insider Example:  Research Proposal
          Gary Ritchison, “Hunting Behavior, Territory Quality, and Individual Quality of American
          Kestrels”
     Lab Report
          WRITING PROJECT:  Composing a Lab Report
          Insider Example:  Student Lab Report
          Kedric Lemon, “Which type of battery is the most effective when energy is being drawn from the
          battery rapidly?”
Tip Sheet:  Reading and Writing in the Natural Sciences

9. Reading and Writing in the Applied Fields
Introduction to the Applied Fields
     What Are Applied Fields? 
          Inside Work: Defining and Solving Problems
          Inside Work: Considering Applied Fields
Rhetoric and the Applied Fields
Genres in Selected Applied Fields
     Nursing
          Insider’s View: Janna Dieckman, Nursing 
          Insider Example: Professional Research Report in Nursing
               Margaret Shandor, Diane Holditch-Davis, Suzanne Thoyre, and Linda Beeber, from “Rural  
               African-American Mothers Parenting Prematurely Born Infants: An Ecological Systems 
               Perspective
          Insider Example: Discharge Instructions
               “Discharge Instructions for Heart Attack”
          Inside Work: Nurse for a Day 
     Education
          Insider Example: Student Lesson Plan
          Myra Moses, “Lesson Plan”
          Insider Example: Student IEP
          Myra Moses, “Student Individualized Example”
          Inside Work: Teacher for a Day
     Business
          Insider Example: Student Memorandum
          James Blackwell, “Investigative Report on Hazen and Sawyer”
          Insider Example: Student Business Plan
          Daniel Chase Mills, “A Business Plan for the Electricity Monitor Company”
          Inside Work: CFO for a Day
     Law
          Insider Example: Professional Legal Brief
          From “Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin et al”
          Insider Example: E-Mail Correspondence from Attorney
          Joseph E. Miller, Jr., “Re: Proposed gift to the XYZ Foundation”
          Inside Work: Lawyer for a Day
          WRITING PROJECT: Discovering Genres of Writing in an Applied Field
Tip Sheet: Reading and Writing in the Applied Fields