A History of World Societies, Value Edition, Volume 2

Preface
Versions and Supplements 
Maps, Figures, and Tables 

The Acceleration of Global Contact

1450–1600

The Trade World of the Indian Ocean • Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia • Muslim Influences and African Trade • Genoese and Venetian Middlemen

Causes of European Expansion • Technology and the Rise of Exploration • The Portuguese in Africa and Asia • Spain’s Voyages to the Americas • Spain "Discovers" the Pacific • Early Exploration by Northern European Powers

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires • Portuguese Brazil • Colonial Administration • Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population • Patterns of Settlement

Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact • Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery • Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects • The Birth of the Global Economy

Religious Conversion • European Debates About Indigenous Peoples • New Ideas About Race

The Islamic World Powers

1300–1800

Environmental Challenges • The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire • Land-Holding, Slavery and Imperial Administrations • The Safavid Empire in Persia • The Mughal Empire in India

Religious Legitimacy and Orthodoxy • Sufism • Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule

The Arts • City and Palace Building • Gardens • Intellectual Advances

New Forms of Consumption • The Impact of Gunpowder • European Trade in Asia and the Islamic Powers’ Response • From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India

European Power and Expansion

1500–1750

The Protestant Reformation • The Catholic Reformation • Religious Violence

The Social Order and Peasant Life • Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis • The Thirty Years’ War • European Achievements in State-Building

Spain • The Foundations of French Absolutism • Louis XIV and Absolutism • The Wars of Louis XIV • The Absolutist Palace • The Austrian Habsburgs

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth • The Failure of Absolutism in England • The Puritan Protectorate • Constitutional Monarchy • The Dutch Republic

The Dutch Trading Empire • Colonial Empires of England and France • Mercantilism and Colonial Wars • People Beyond Borders

Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow • Building the Russian Empire • Peter the Great and Russia’s Turn to the West

New Worldviews and Ways of Life

1540–1790

The Muslim Contribution • Scientific Thought to 1550 • Astronomy and Physics • Newton’s Synthesis • Natural History and Empire • Magic and Alchemy

The Methods of Science • Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry • Science and Religion • Science and Society

The Early Enlightenment • The Influence of the Philosophes • Enlightenment Movements Across Europe

Global Contacts • New Definitions of Race • Women and the Enlightenment • Enlightened Absolutism and Its Limits

Economic and Demographic Change • The Atlantic Economy • Urban Life and the Public Sphere • Culture and Community in the Atlantic World • The Atlantic Enlightenment

Africa and the World

1400–1800

The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin • The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland • Agriculture, Gender, and Marriage in West Africa • Trade and Industry

Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500–1630 • The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500–1600

The Institution of Slavery in Africa • The Transatlantic Slave Trade • Impact on African Societies

Continuity and Change in East Asia

1400–1800

The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty • Problems with the Imperial Institution • The Mongols and the Great Wall • The Examination Life • Everyday Life in Ming China • Ming Decline

The Rise of the Manchus • Competent and Long-Lived Emperors • Imperial Expansion

Muromachi Culture • Civil War • The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi

Tokugawa Government • Commercialization and the Growth of Towns • The Life of the People in the Edo Period

Zheng He’s Voyages • Piracy and Japan’s Overseas Adventures • Europeans Enter the Scene • Christian Missionaries • Learning from the West • The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century

Revolutions in the Atlantic World

1775–1825

Social Change • Demands for Liberty and Equality • The Seven Years’ War

The Origins of the Revolution • Independence from Britain • Framing the Constitution • Limitations of Liberty and Equality

Breakdown of the Old Order • The National Assembly • Constitutional Monarchy • The National Convention • The Directory

Napoleon’s Rule of France • Napoleon’s Expansion in Europe • The Grand Empire and Its End

Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue • The Outbreak of Revolt • The War of Haitian Independence

The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers • Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence • The Aftermath of Revolution in the Atlantic World

The Revolution in Energy and Industry

1760–1850

Why Britain? • Technological Innovations and Early Factories • Steam Power and the Energy Revolution • Breakthrough • Steam-Powered Transportation • Industry and Population

National and International Variations • Industrialization in Continental Europe • Agents of Industrialization • The Global Picture

Work in Early Factories • Working Families and Children • The Sexual Division of Labor • Living Standards for the Working Class • Environmental Impacts of Industrialization

The New Class of Factory Owners • Responses to Industrialization • The Early Labor Movement in Britain • The Impact of Slavery

Ideologies of Change in Europe

1815–1914

The Political and Social Situation After 1815 • Conservatism After 1815 • Liberalism and the Middle Class • The Growing Appeal of Nationalism • The Birth of Socialism

Social and Economic Conflict • Liberal Reform in Great Britain • Revolutions in France •

The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy • Bismarck and German Unification • The Modernization of Russia

Improving the Urban Environment • Social Inequality and Class • The Changing Family • Science for the Masses • Cultural Shifts

Trends in Suffrage • The German Empire • Republican France • Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire • Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism • The Socialist Movement

Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism

1800–1914

Trade and Social Change • Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa • The Scramble for Africa, 1880–1914 • Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century • Colonialism’s Impact After 1900

Causes of the New Imperialism • A "Civilizing Mission" • Critics of Imperialism • African and Asian Resistance

Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire • Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation •

The Rise of Global Inequality • The World Market

Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism

1800–1914

The Evolution of British Rule • The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule • The British and the Indian Educated Elite

The Dutch East Indies • Mainland Southeast Asia • The Philippines

The Opium War • Internal Problems • The Self-Strengthening Movement • Republican Revolution

The "Opening" of Japan • The Meiji Restoration • Industrialization • Japan as an Imperial Power

Settler Colonies in the Pacific: Australia and New Zealand • Asian Emigration

The Impact of Foreign Domination • Environmental and Economic Forces

The Americas in the Age of Liberalism

1810–1917

Liberalism and Caudillos in Spanish America • Mexico and the United States • Liberal Reform in Mexico • Brazil: A New World Monarchy

Slave Societies in the Americas • Independence and Abolition • Abolition in Cuba and Brazil

Latin America Re-enters the World Economy • The Porfiriato and Liberal Stability in Mexico • The Mexican Revolution

Immigration to Latin America • Immigration to the United States • Immigration to Canada • Settler Colonialism and its Impacts

U.S. Intervention in Latin America • The Spanish-American War • The Panama Canal

World War and Revolution

1914–1929

Origins and Causes of the Great War • The Outbreak of War • Stalemate and Slaughter • The War Becomes Global

Mobilizing for Total War • The Social Impact of War • Growing Political Tensions

The Fall of Imperial Russia • The Provisional Government • Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Dictatorship and Civil War

The End of the War • The Paris Peace Treaties • American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty

Germany and the Western Powers • Hope in Foreign Affairs • Hope in Democratic Government

Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion • The New Physics • Freudian Psychology • Twentieth-Century Literature • Modern Architecture, Art, and Music • Movies and Radio

Nationalism in Asia

1914–1939

Asian Reaction to the War in Europe • The Mandates System • Nationalism’s Appeal

The Arab Revolt • The Turkish Revolution • Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan • Gradual Independence in the Arab States • Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine

British Promises and Repression • The Roots of Militant Nonviolence • Gandhi’s Resistance Campaign in India

The Rise of Nationalist China • China’s Intellectual Revolution • From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan • Japan Against China • Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia

The Great Depression and World War II

1929–1945

The Economic Crisis • Mass Unemployment • The New Deal in the United States • The European Response to the Depression • Worldwide Effects

Conservative Authoritarianism • Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

From Lenin to Stalin • The Five-Year Plans • Life and Culture in Soviet Society • Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges

The Seizure of Power • The Regime in Action

The Roots of Nazism • Hitler’s Road to Power • The Nazi State and Society • Hitler’s Popularity • Aggression and Appeasement, 1933–1939

Hitler’s Empire in Europe, 1939–1942 • The Holocaust • Japan’s Asian Empire • The Grand Alliance • The War in Europe, 1942–1945 • The War in the Pacific, 1942–1945

Decolonization, Revolution, and the Cold War

1945–1968

The Cold War • The United Nations • The Politics of Liberation • Dependency and Development Theories • Interpreting the Postcolonial Experience

Independence in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh • Arab Socialism in the Middle East • The Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Communist Victory in China • Conflict in Korea • Japan’s American Reconstruction • The Vietnam War

The Growth of African Nationalism • Ghana Shows the Way • Countries Emerging from French Rule

Economic Nationalism in Mexico • Populism in Argentina and Brazil • Communist Revolution in Cuba

The Soviet Union Struggles to Move Beyond Stalin • Postwar Challenges in Western Europe and the United States • The World in 1968

Liberalization and Liberation

1968–2000s

The OPEC Oil Embargo • Mexico Under the PRI • Nigeria, Africa’s Giant • The Camp David Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict • Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq

Civil Wars in Central America • Boom and Bust in Chile • The Dirty War in Argentina • Development and Dictatorship in Brazil

Gay Liberation • Second-Wave and Third World Feminism • Pan-Africanism, Black Power and the African Diaspora

Portuguese Decolonization and Rhodesia • South Africa Under Apartheid • Political Change in Africa Since 1990

Japan’s Economic Miracle and the Emergence of the "Asian Tigers" • China’s Economic Resurgence • Development Versus Democracy in India and Pakistan

The Limits of Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe • Recasting Russia Without Communism • Integration and Reform in Europe

The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

Al-Qaeda and Afghanistan • Conflict and Change in the Middle East • Right Wing Nationalism Re-emerges

Migration • Urbanization • Multinational Corporations

Children: The Right to Childhood • Women’s Right to Equality • LGBTQ Challenges • Environmentalism

Causes of Global Warming and Responses to It • Historical Experiences with Climate and Environmental Change • Automobility • Global Energy Reliance • Intensified Agriculture and the Green Revolution • Impacts of Climate Change